Stub Matching

Techniques
Matching Techniques
• Quarter Wave Transformer (purely resistive) √
• Lumped Element Networks (L-Network) √
• Single Stub (Shunt/Series) and (Short/Open) √
• Double Stub (Shunt/Series) and (Short/Open) *
Recall:
Short vs Open
 Stubs
• A “stub” is a fixed length of a transmission line with known
characteristic impedance which is connected either in series or
in parallel with the load.
• The purpose of the stub is to match the impedance of the
transmission line with the impedance of the load by adding a
fixed amount reactance (either capacitive or inductive) to the
load.

Example:
(short circuited shunt stub)
 Stub Design
There are two design parameters for single stub matching:
1.) The location of the stub with reference to the load dstub
2.) The length of the stub line Lstub

• Any load impedance can be matched to the line by using single stub
technique.
• The disadvantage of this approach is that if the load is changed, the
location of insertion may have to be moved.
• The transmission line used as the stub is normally terminated by a short or
by an open circuit.
• In many cases it is also convenient to select the same characteristic
impedance used for the main line, although this is not necessary.
• A short circuited stub is less prone to leakage of electromagnetic radiation
and is somewhat easier to realize.
• An open circuited stub may be more practical for certain types of
transmission lines, for example microstrips where one would have to drill
the insulating substrate to short circuit the two conductors of the line.
Stubs (Shunt)
Stubs (Series)
Which is more often used?
• Shunt stub or Series Stub?
Ans. Shunt stub. To insert a Shunt stubs, you only need to
make “taps” on the original transmission line. Whereas, series
stubs requires you to “cut” and “insert” the stub in series with
the transmission line.

• Short stub or Open Stub?

Ans. Short stub. Open stubs radiate electromagnetic energy
which can lead to loss of the signal amplitude. transmission
line. Whereas, shorted stubs confine the electromagnetic
energy in the transmission line.
Sample Problem:
Match the lossless transmission line system to the load as shown below.
Find the value of d and l
A) Using short-circuited shunt stub
B) Using open-circuited shunt stub
To compute for d = distance

35
47.5 ± [(50 35) + ( 47.5) ]
50
=
35 50
= 0.388, 5.945

1
tan (0.388)
= 2
1
tan (5.945)
2

. Two possible locations,

= from the load
.
To compute for ls = length

Using = 0.388 Using = 5.945

= 0.02381 = -0.02381

1 0.02
tan =+ .
= 2 0.02381
1 0.02 = 0.1112 + 0.5
tan
2 +0.02381 =+ .
To compute for lo = length

Using = 0.388 Using = 5.945

= 0.02381 = -0.02381

+1 0.02381 = 0.1388 + 0.5

tan
=+ .
= 2 0.02
+1 +0.02381
tan =+ .
2 0.02
Final Answer:

= . = .
= . = .
= . = .
Report Assignment
(individual)
• Derive the working Equations for a matching network using
Series Stub (Open-circuit and Short Circuit), similar to what
has been given.
• Solve the same problem using a Series Stub equations that
you have derived.
• Handwritten Report (use short sized bond paper, stapled)
• Deadline: _____________________

This assignment will serve as your “practice work” in

preparation for your next Quiz.
Double Stub Matching

Analytical solution to this type of problems are very tedious, and not
viable for practical reasons. Computer software simulation, design
analysis is the most practical way of dealing with this type of problems.