Introduction to Java Program

Amran Ali
10/3/2019 (Sunday, 8.30 am – 9.30 am)
 Problem Statement
• Find the total of two marks.
 Problem Analysis
IPO Chart
Input : m1, m2
Process : calculate total
Output : total
Input : Concept

m1

m2
 Input : Pseudocode / Flowchart
• input num1, num2
• read num1, num2
• get num1, num2

Input/read/get num1, num2

 Input : Java code
Initialized User input

num1=97.5; num1=sc.nextDouble();
num2=86.5; num2=sc.nextDouble();

import java.util.Scanner;
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
 Input for different data type
Intialized User input
int studentAge; int studentAge;
char studentGender; char studentGender;
boolean flag; boolean flag;
String name; String name;

studentAge = 19; studentAge = sc.nextInt();

studentGender = ‘M’ studentGender = sc.next().CharAt(0);
flag = true; flag = sc.nextBoolean();
Name=“Amran”; name = sc.next();
 Input for different data type
Intialized 19
int studentAge; studentAge
char studentGender;
boolean flag; ‘M’
String name;
studentGender
studentAge = 19; true
studentGender = ‘M’
flag
flag = true;
Name=“Amran”; “Amran”
name
 Input for different data type
User input
int studentAge; studentAge
char studentGender;
boolean flag;
String name;
studentGender
studentAge = sc.nextInt();
studentGender = sc.next().CharAt(0);
flag
flag = sc.nextBoolean();
name = sc.next();

name
 Process : Concept
• Arithmetic and Assignment operators
– +, -, *, /, %, =
• Relational operators (true / false)
– ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=
• Logical operators (true / false)
– !, &&, ||
 Process : Concept

184.0 = 97.5 + 86.5

total m1 m2
 Process : Concept
• Arithmetic and Assignment operators
+, -, *, /, %, =
• Suppose m1=3, m2=5 3 5
total = m1 + m2; m1 m2
product = m1 * m2;
remainder = m2 % m1; 8 15
div = m2 / m1; total product

<variable> = <expressions> 2 1

remainder div
 Process : Pseudocode / Flowchart
m1 = 3
m2 = 5
total = m1 + m2

m1 = 3
m2 = 5
total = m1 + m2
 Process : Concept
• Relational operators (true / false)
==, !=, <, <=, >, >=
• Logical operators (true / false)
!, &&, ||
Used in
selection (if)
and
repetition
(while/for)
control
structure
 Process : Pseudocode / Flowchart
if num%2 = 0
print “Even” false print
num%2=0
“Odd”
else
true
print “Odd”
print
endif “Even”
 Process : Java code
Pseudocode Java code
if num%2 = 0 if (num%2 == 0)
print “Even” System.out.print(“Even”);
else else
print “Odd” System.out.print(“Odd”);
endif
 Output : Concept
Message
• To display a message.
• Example:
– “Hello world.”
– “I Love Java”
– “Java is easy”
– “Programming is the best”
– “num1 is odd”
– “num2 is positive integer”
Value
• To display a value.
• Example:
– total of two numbers
– average of three integers
– min of 20 numbers
– area of a circle
– perimeter of a rectangle
Output : Concept

97.5
m1

86.5
m2

184.0
total
 Output : Pseudocode / Flowchart
• output total
• print total
• display total

Output/print/display total
 Output : Java code
System.out.print(total);

System.out.print(“Java is easy.”);
 Problem Analysis  Pseudocode
Problem Analysis Pseudocode
IPO Start
Input : m1, m2 read m1, m2
Process : calculate total total = m1 + m2
Output : total print total
End
 Pseudocode  Java code
Pseudocode Java code
Start {
read m1, m2 m1=sc.nextDouble();
total = m1 + m2 m2=sc.nextDouble();
print total total = m1 + m2;
End System.out.print(total);
}
import java.util.Scanner;
class TotalTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaration
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
double m1, m2, total;
//input
m1=sc.nextDouble();
m2=sc.nextDouble();

//process
total = m1 + m2;

//output
System.out.print(total);

}
}
import java.util.Scanner;
class TotalTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
double m1, m2, total;
m1=sc.nextDouble();
sc.nextDouble();
m2=sc.nextDouble();
sc.nextDouble();
total = m1 + m2;

System.out.print(total);
total

}
}
 Slot 1 Summary
• Java Components
– Class declaration
– main method (Declaration / Input / Process / Output)
• Output
– Message  “Message here.”
– Value  store in a variable
• Sources of variables
– User input
– Calculations / conditions
• Declarations
 Exercise
• Find the total and average of three numbers.
 Problem Analysis
IPO Chart
Input : n1, n2, n3
Process : calculate total
calculate average
Output : total, average
 Problem Analysis  Pseudocode
Problem Analysis Pseudocode
IPO Start
Input : n1, n2, n3 read n1, n2, n3
Process : calculate total total = n1 + n2 + n3
calculate average print total, average
Output : total, average End
 Pseudocode  Java code
Pseudocode Java code
Start {
read n1, n2, n3 n1=sc.nextDouble();
total = n1 + n2 + n3 n2=sc.nextDouble();
print total, average n3=sc.nextDouble();
total = n1 + n2 + n3;
End
avg = total / 3;
System.out.print(total);
System.out.print(avg);
}
import java.util.Scanner;
class TotalTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaration
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
double n1, n2, n3, total, avg;
//input
n1=sc.nextDouble();
n2=sc.nextDouble();
n3=sc.nextDouble();
//process
total = n1 + n2 + n3;
avg = total / 3;
//output
System.out.print(total);
System.out.print(avg);
}
}
import java.util.Scanner;
class TotalTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
double n1,
m1, n2,
m2, n3, total, avg;
total;
n1=sc.nextDouble();
sc.nextDouble();
n2=sc.nextDouble();
sc.nextDouble();
n3=sc.nextDouble();
sc.nextDouble();
total = m1
n1 + m2
n2 + n3;
avg = total
total // 3;
3;
System.out.print(total);
total
System.out.print(avg);
avg
}
}
Take 5!
 Array : Concept

Amran Ali
10/3/2019 (Sunday, 10.30 am – 11.30 am)
 Problem Statement
• Find the total of 20 integers entered by user.
 Problem Analysis
IPO Chart
Input : 20 integers
Process : calculate total
Output : total
Input : Concept

n1

n2
.....
…..
…..

n20
Input : Concept

20 elements

Array
n …………
[0][1][2][3][4][5] [19]
 Input : Pseudocode / Flowchart
c=0
c=0
while c<20
read n[c] false
c<20
c=c+1
true
endwhile
read n[c]
c=c+1
 Input : Java code (User entry)
int[] arr=new int[20];

for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1){
arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
}

arr …………
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [19]
 Input : Java code (Initialized)
int[] arr={97, 86, …………, 76};

arr 97 86 … … … … ………… 76

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [19]

Here,
arr[0] is the first element, contains value 97,
arr[1] is the second element , contains value 86,
…
…
arr[19] is the last element, of the integer array arr.
 Input for array
User input
int[] arr=new int[20];

for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1){
arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
}

Intialized
int[] arr={97, 86, …………, 76};
 Process : Concept

arr …………
[0][1][2][3][4][5] [19]

total = total + arr[0];

total = total + arr[1];
total = total + arr[2];
…
… total
…
total = total + arr[19];
 Process : Java code
total = total + arr[0];
total = total + arr[1];
total = total + arr[2];
…
…
…
total = total + arr[19];

for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1){
total = total + arr[i];
}
 Output : Java code
System.out.print(total);

System.out.print(“Total is: ”+total);

System.out.println(total);

System.out.println(“Total is: ”+total);

 Problem Analysis  Java code
Problem Analysis Java code
IPO for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
Input : 20 integers arr[i]=sc.nextInt();
Process : calculate total }
Output : total
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
total=total+arr[i];
}

System.out.print(total);
import java.util.Scanner;
class Total20Numbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaration
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int[] arr=new int[20];
double total=0;
//input
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1){
arr[i]=sc.nextInt();
}
//process
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1){
total = total + arr[i];
}
//output
System.out.print(total);

}
}
import java.util.Scanner;
class Total20Numbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int[] arr=new int[20];
double total=0;

for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1){
arr[i]=sc.nextInt();
}

for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i=i+1){
total = total + arr[i];
}

System.out.print(total);

}
}
 Summary Slot 2
• Array is an ordered sequence of element of
same data type.
• Declare array:
double[] marks;
• Create array:
marks = new double[20];
• Declare and Create array:
double[] marks = new double[20];
int[] numbers = {97,86, 58, …, 89};
 Exercises
• Write a Java program to accept 100 speeds
from user. Then find the slowest and the
fastest speed among 100 speeds.
 Method : Concept

Amran Ali
10/3/2019 (Sunday, 12 pm – 12.30 pm)
 Method : Concept
• 1 process represented by 1 method.
• 1 method will produce 1 value.
• Example:
total = m1 + m2;

average = (m1 + m2) / 2;

if(x%2==0)
flag = true;
else
flag = false;
 Problem Statement
• Write a method to calculate total of two
numbers.
 Problem Analysis
IPO Chart
Input : n1, n2
Process : calculate total
Output : total
import java.util.Scanner;
class Total {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
double m1, m2, total;
m1=sc.nextDouble();
m2=sc.nextDouble();

total = m1 + m2;

System.out.print(total);
}
}
 To define a method
<Return type> <Method name> (Parameters){
<Method body>
}
 Method Components
• Return type (look at the output type)
– Return a value (int, double, char, boolean)
– Return NO value / message only (void)
• Method name
– verb + Task (calcTotal, computeAvg, getMin, findLargest)
• Parameters (input for method)
– Variables (int a, int b, double c, char d, boolean e)
• Method body (process)
– Formula/condition (Arithmetic/Relational/Logical)
 To define a method
Problem Analysis User-defined Method
IPO
int calcTotal(int a, int b){
Input: n1, n2
return a + b;
Process: calculate total
}
Output: total
import java.util.Scanner;
class Total {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
double m1, m2, total;
Total obj=new Total();
m1=sc.nextDouble();
m2=sc.nextDouble();
total = obj.calcTotal(m1,m2);

System.out.print(total);
}
int calcTotal(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
}
 Conclusions
• Introduction to Java
– Input statement
• Intialized (variableName = 97.5; )
• Entered by user (variableName = sc.nextInt(); )
– Process / Formula / Condition
• Arithmetic (digit value)
• Relational/Logical (true/false value)
– Output statement (System.out.print())
• Message (display/print)
• Value (assigned to a variable)
• Arrays
– Declare (int[] arrayName;)
– Create (arrayName = new int[20];)
• Methods (type, name, parameter, body)
– return a value
– return NO value
 Exercise
• Write a complete Java program to find the
following:
– total, average, minimum, maximum, no. of even,
and no. of odd.
• Based on the data set given below:
76 45 24 88 54
98 87 34 65 12
21 53 25 1 32
4 23 69 3 68
import java.util.Scanner;
class Exercise {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaration
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

//input

//process

//output

}
}