4. Energy is given out when one mole of gaseous strontium ions is hydrated.

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Addu High School Sr2+(g) + aq  Sr2+(aq)
Hithadhoo/Addu CHEMISTRY
This reaction is less exothermic than the corresponding reaction for magnesium
ions, Mg2+(g), because
c
TOPIC: ENTROPY- Enthalpy of solution worksheet 2
A the sum of the first two ionization energies of magnesium is more than that of
strontium.
SECTION A B the lattice energies of magnesium compounds are more exothermic than the
lattice energies of corresponding strontium compounds.
1. The equation for the enthalpy of hydration for a magnesium ion is C the solubility of magnesium hydroxide is less than the solubility of strontium
A Mg2+(s) + aq  Mg2+(aq) hydroxide.
B Mg2+(g) + aq  Mg2+(aq) D the ionic radius of Mg2+ is less than the ionic radius of Sr2+.
C Mg2+(aq)  Mg2+(g) + aq
D Mg2+(aq)  Mg2+(s) + aq 5. Use the data below to calculate the enthalpy change of solution of magnesium
chloride.
2. Energy is evolved when one mole of gaseous calcium ions is hydrated.
Ca2+(g) + aqCa2+(aq)
This reaction is more exothermic than the corresponding value for barium ions,
Ba2+, because the
A ionization energy of calcium is greater than that of barium.
The enthalpy change of solution of magnesium chloride, in kJ mol–1, is
B lattice energy of calcium oxide is more exothermic than that of barium oxide.
A +183 B +157
C solubility of calcium hydroxide in water is less than that of barium hydroxide.
C –157 D –183
D ionic radius of Ca2+ is less than that of Ba2+.
6. Use the data in the table to calculate the enthalpy change of solution of
3. The following cycle represents the enthalpy changes w, x, y and z, occurring calcium chloride, CaCl2.
when an ionic solute, AX2(s), dissolves in water.

The enthalpy change of solution of calcium chloride, in kJ mol–1, is

A –244 B –120
C +120 D +244

7. When one mole of magnesium chloride dissolves in water, the enthalpy

change, Hsolution, is more negative than the corresponding change for sodium
chloride.
Which of the changes is the lattice energy of AX2(s)? One explanation for this difference is that
A½w B−w A the lattice enthalpy for magnesium chloride is more negative than the lattice
Cz Dz−x–y
enthalpy for sodium chloride.

FST-Department of Science- Chemistry-Grade 12- Semester-3 –Entropy- WS -2 - 2018 1

 (a) the standard enthalpy change, in kJ mol−1, for the following process.
B the Hhydration of magnesium ions is more negative than Hhydration of sodium
ions.
C the Hformation of magnesium chloride is more negative than Hformation of Mg2+(g) + 2Cl−(g)  Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq)
sodium chloride. A –1241 B –1581
D magnesium chloride has more covalent character than sodium chloride.
C –2261 D –2601
8. (b) the standard enthalpy change of solution, in kJ mol−1, of caesium fluoride,
CsF.
A –12 B +12
C –1506 D +1506

10. The table shows some data about metal ions, non-metal ions and their
compounds.
(a) Use the data above to calculate the enthalpy of hydration of sodium ions,
Na+(g). The enthalpy of hydration of sodium ions, Na+(g) is
A –412 kJ mol–1 B +412 kJ mol–1
C –420 kJ mol–1 D +420 kJ mol–1

(b) Magnesium chloride has a more exothermic lattice energy than sodium chloride
because
A a magnesium ion has a higher charge and a larger radius than a sodium ion.
B a magnesium ion has a higher charge and a smaller radius than a sodium Use the data in the following calculations.
ion. (a) What is the standard enthalpy change, in kJ mol−1, for the following process?
C a magnesium ion has the same charge and a larger radius than a sodium Sr2+(g) + 2F–(g) Sr2+(aq) + 2F–(aq)
ion.
D a magnesium ion has the same charge and a smaller radius than a sodium A –477 B –960
ion. C –1926 D –2409

9.
(b) What is the standard enthalpy change of solution, in kJ mol–1, for rubidium
chloride, RbCl?
A –1322 B –48
C +48 D +1322

Use the data to calculate

FST-Department of Science- Chemistry-Grade 12- Semester-3 –Entropy- WS -2 - 2018 2

SECTION B (v) Does your answer to (a)(iv) indicate whether hydrated cobalt(II) chloride
can be stored at 298 K without decomposition? Explain your answer.
1. (a) Crystals of hydrated cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl2.6H2O, lose water when they
are heated, forming anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride, CoCl2.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(i) Calculate the entropy change of the system, , at 298 K. Include ....................................................................................................................................
a sign and units in your answer. You will need to refer to your data booklet. ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) A student attempted to measure the enthalpy change of solution of anhydrous
cobalt(II) chloride by adding 2.00 g of cobalt(II) chloride to 50.0 cm 3 of water in
a well-insulated container. A temperature rise of 1.5 °C was recorded.
The student used a balance which reads to 0.01g, a 50.0 cm 3 pipette, and a
thermometer which can be read to 0.25 °C.
(i) Which measuring instrument should be changed to give a result which is
closer to the accepted value? Justify your answer.
(ii) Explain whether the sign of your answer to (a)(i) is as expected from the (2)
equation for the reaction. ...................................................................................................................................
(1)
.................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... (ii) Suggest ONE other change the student could make to give a result
(iii) The standard enthalpy change for the reaction, , is +88.1kJ mol−1. which is closer to the accepted value. Justify your suggestion.
Calculate the entropy change in the surroundings, Ssurroundings, at 298 K
for this reaction. Include a sign and units in your answer. (2)
(2) ...................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(c) The lattice energies of magnesium chloride, MgCl2, calcium

(iv) Calculate the total entropy change, , at 298 K for the reaction
(1)

FST-Department of Science- Chemistry-Grade 12- Semester-3 –Entropy- WS -2 - 2018 3

 (i) Use data on ionic radii, from your data booklet, to explain the trend in these 2. Potassium fluoride is a soluble, white, crystalline solid used in etching glass. A
values. Estimate a value for the lattice energy of cobalt(II) chloride, giving Hess cycle can be used to calculate its enthalpy of solution, using data
ONE piece of data to justify your estimate. including enthalpies of hydration of ions.
(4) (a) Define the term enthalpy of hydration of an ion.
.................................................................................................................................... (2)
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(b) Consider the Hess cycle below.
....................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain how lattice energy values, together with other data, can be used to
predict the solubility of ionic compounds.
(3)
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(i) Complete the cycle by filling in the empty box. (1)
(iii) Cobalt forms another chloride, CoCl3, but scientists predict that MgCl3
cannot be made. Suggest a reason for this. (ii) Apply Hess’s Law to obtain an expression for Hsol in terms of H1 and
You should consider the enthalpy changes in the Born-Haber cycle, which H2
provide evidence about why cobalt(III) chloride is known but magnesium(III)
chloride is not.
(2)
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... (iii) Give the name of the energy change H1.
(1)
....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... (iv) Referring to page 12 of the data booklet and your answer to (ii), calculate
the standard enthalpy of solution of potassium fluoride.
.................................................................................................................................... (2)
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FST-Department of Science- Chemistry-Grade 12- Semester-3 –Entropy- WS -2 - 2018 4

 ....................................................................................................................................
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3. This question is about magnesium chloride, MgCl2.

(c) The standard enthalpy of solution of sodium chloride is +3 kJmol-1. It can be formed by burning magnesium in chlorine.
(i) 1g of sodium chloride was added to 250cm 3 of water in a beaker and
Mg(s) + Cl2(g)MgCl2(s) Ssurroundings = +2152 J mol−1 K−1
stirred with a thermometer graduated in intervals of 1°C. Describe and
explain what would happen to the reading on the thermometer as the Remember to include a sign and units in your answers to the calculations in this
sodium chloride dissolves. No calculation is required.
(3) question.
(a) (i) The standard molar entropy at 298 K for 1 mol chlorine molecules, Cl2, is
.................................................................................................................................... +165 J mol–1 K–1. Use this, and appropriate values from your Data Booklet, to
.................................................................................................................................... calculate the standard entropy change of the system, Ssystem, for this reaction.
(2)
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain interns of entropy changes, why sodium chloride dissolves in
water under standard conditions. No calculation is required.
(4) *(ii) Explain fully why the sign for the standard entropy change of the system,
.................................................................................................................................... Ssystem, is as you would expect.
.................................................................................................................................... (2)
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(b) Calculate the total entropy change, Stotal, in J mol–1K–1, for this reaction,
.................................................................................................................................... giving your answer to three significant figures.
(iv) Lithium iodide is generally much more soluble in organic solvents than (2)
lithium chloride. Explain this observation using values of lattice energies
from your data booklet and your knowledge of the trend in ionic radii down
Group 7.
(4)
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FST-Department of Science- Chemistry-Grade 12- Semester-3 –Entropy- WS -2 - 2018 5

(c) Use the standard entropy change of the surroundings, Ssurroundings, to calculate
the standard enthalpy change, H, in kJ mol−1, for the reaction at 298 K.
(2)

(d) 0.0300 mol of magnesium chloride, prepared by burning magnesium in

chlorine, is added to 51.5 cm3 of water. 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 solution is
formed, and the temperature rise, T, is 22.5°C.
(i) Calculate the energy transferred in joules for this process using:
Energy transferred in joules = volume of solution x 4.2 x T (iv) Draw a diagram to represent a hydrated chloride ion.
(1) (1)

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of solution, Hsolution, of magnesium chloride in

kJ mol−1.
(2)
(v) Suggest why the addition of anhydrous magnesium chloride to water results
in an increase in temperature and a decrease in volume.
(2)
Temperature increases
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
*(iii) The enthalpy change of hydration of Mg2+(g) is −1920 kJ mol−1.
....................................................................................................................................
Use this, your value from (d)(ii), and the experimental lattice energy from your
Data Booklet, to calculate the enthalpy change of hydration of Cl−(g). Volume decreases
(3)
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FST-Department of Science- Chemistry-Grade 12- Semester-3 –Entropy- WS -2 - 2018 6

4. The table shows some data about metal ions, non-metal ions and their (Ssurroundings) for this reaction at 298 K. Include a sign and units in your answer.
compounds. (2)
This is a question about entropy changes.
Consider the reaction between the two solids, hydrated barium hydroxide and
ammonium chloride. When these substances are mixed together, a white paste
is formed and the temperature decreases. An equation for this process is given
below.
Ba(OH)2.8H2O(s) + 2NH4Cl(s)  2NH3(g) + 10H2O(l) + BaCl2(s)
(a) (i) Identify one hazard associated with a named substance in this reaction.
(d) Use your answers to (a)(ii) and (b) to calculate the total entropy change
(1) (Stotal) for this reaction. Include a sign and units in your answer.
.................................................................................................................................... (1)
....................................................................................................................................
(ii) Use the standard molar entropies below to calculate the standard entropy
change of the system (Ssystem ) for this reaction at 298 K. Give a sign and
units with your answer.

(e) What would be the effect, if any, on the value of Stotal total from (c) of a
small increase in temperature? Justify your answer and state any
assumptions that you have made.
(3)
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(3)
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(f) The dissolving of barium hydroxide is
Ba(OH)2(s) + aq  Ba2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) Stotal = −44 J mol−1 K−1

*(iii) Give two reasons why the sign of your answer to (a)(ii) is as you would
expect.
(2)
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(b) The standard enthalpy change for this reaction is Hr = +162 kJ mol−1.
Use this value to calculate the standard entropy change of the surroundings
For the dissolving of calcium hydroxide, the value of the total entropy change is
–106 J mol−1 K−1.
Compare the values of the total entropy changes for these two hydroxides and
show that they are consistent with the trend in the solubility of Group 2 hydroxides.
(2)
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FST-Department of Science- Chemistry-Grade 12- Semester-3 –Entropy- WS -2 - 2018 8