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Tribology
)Lecture two : Lubricants (Oil
إعداد
الدكتور محمد حسن الكومي
Meaning of lubrication
• [1] Viscosity
• [2] Viscosity index
• [3] Pour Point
• [4] Flash Point
• [5] Total Base Number (TBN)
• [6] Total Acid Number (TAN)
• [1] Viscosity
• Measure of internal resistance to flow
• Decreases with increase in temperature
• Important in lubricant selection
• Specified at 40˚C and 100˚C
• Absolute(dynamic),measured in centi poise (cP)
• Kinematic, measured in centi Stokes (cSt)
• Dynamic Viscosity (cP) = Kinematic Viscosity
(cSt) x Fluid Density (kg/m3)
Viscosity Measurement
VI = [(L - U) / (L - H) ] × 100
where ,
VI is viscosity index
U is the kinematic viscosity of oil of interest
L and H are the kinematic viscosity of the reference oils
Multi-grade Oil
OEM
Recommended
Operating Range
Mono-grade Oil
-20 40 100
Temperature oC (LOG)
ISO VG
viscosity
grades
AGMA
viscosity
grades
Lubricant additives function