Issues in Science and Technology

That Affects Phillipines Society

Laguit, Thwizle Ann A.

1 BSCE-3
Science, Technology and Society
TTh 8:30-10:00am

Engr. Arnelli Abella

 The impact of Science and Technology in the society is growing. By drastically
changing the means of communication, the way of work, foods, clothes, and metods of
transportation, and many more. Science generated changes in moral values and
philosophies in mankind.

As the NASA Langley Research Center, Former Director, Donald P. Hearth said
that, “...science has changed how we live and what we believe. By making life easier,
science has given man the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics,
education, and justice; to create cultures; and to improve human conditions. But
it has also placed us in the unique position of being able to destroy ourselves.”

Science and Technology have a really great impact in our society. Specially
here in the Phillipines, the impact of Science affects the way of lives of
Filipinoes. We are living in the age deeply influenced by the science and
technology revolutions.

Robots are the future of technology. Robots are machines programmable by

a computer that is capable of carrying out a complete series of actions
automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control
may be embedded within. Robots may be constructed to take on human form but
most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to how they
look.

Robots are magnificents however, current legal system is incapable of

handling them. This generic statement is often the premise for considerations
about the possibility of awarding rights (and liabilities) to these machines at
some, less-than clearly identified, point in time. Discussing the adequacy of
existing regulation in accommodating new technologies is certainly necessary, but
the ontological approach is incorrect.

The first issue when discussing regulation is that of definitions, for one
cannot regulate something without firstly defining it. However, the term robot is
technical and encompasses a wide range of applications that have very little in
common. For this very reason, it is impossible to develop a unitary body of rules
applicable to all kinds of robotic applications, rather different rules should apply
to different classes of devices.

The major issue when discussing civil law rules on robotics is that of
liability (for damages). Automation might, to some extent, challenge some of the
existing paradigms; and increasing human-machine cooperation might cause
different sets of existing rules to overlap, leading to uncertainty, thence increased
litigation and difficulties in insuring new products.
 Connected to the above is robot testing. A clear legal framework for robot
testing outside the restricted environment of the laboratory is needed to assess
the kind of dangers that might emerge with the use and their statistical
frequency (also for insurance purposes). Similarly, standardization and the
development of adequate, narrow-tailored technical standards for different kinds
of robots is a major concern, both to ensure product safety and the adoption of
possible alternatives to existing liability rules.

A possible non-issue when discussing rules for robotics is that of the

attribution of personhood. This, if intended in an ontological way, is deprived of
any reasonable grounding in both technical, philosophical and legal
considerations. Instead, if understood in a purely functional way the attribution
of legal personhood (like in the case for corporations) might be open for
discussion (in some cases). Considering some more specific kinds of applications,
in particular biorobotic devices and the issue of human enhancement, its
regulation and management becomes of the greatest importance and quite likely
the single most relevant bioethical issues of the nearby future, requiring ad-hoc
regulation to be adopted.

Finally, privacy regulation, access to data and data use is of pivotal

importance, not only for the development of a European Robotics industry but
more broadly for a digital market. All the mentioned issues might fall under
some – direct or indirect – competences of the EU and would certainly benefit
from regulations adopted at a supranational (thence European) level.

There is also ethical issues of robotics that has a great impact in our
society. The first issue is unployment, The hierarchy of labour is concerned
primarily with automation. As we’ve invented ways to automate jobs, we could
create room for people to assume more complex roles, moving from the physical
work that dominated the pre-industrial globe to the cognitive labour that
characterizes strategic and administrative work in our globalized society.
 Inequality, Our economic system is based on compensation for contribution
to the economy, often assessed using an hourly wage. The majority of companies
are still dependent on hourly work when it comes to products and services. But
by using artificial intelligence, a company can drastically cut down on relying on
the human workforce, and this means that revenues will go to fewer people.
Consequently, individuals who have ownership in AI-driven companies will make
all the money. Where a we can see a widening gap.

Humanity, Artificially intelligent bots are becoming better and better at

modelling human conversation and relationships. Human raters used text input to
chat with an unknown entity, then guessed whether they had been chatting with
a human or a machine. Eugene Goostman fooled more than half of the human
raters into thinking they had been talking to a human being.

This milestone is only the start of an age where we will frequently interact

with machines as if they are humans; whether in customer service or sales. While

humans are limited in the attention and kindness that they can expend on

another person, artificial bots can channel virtually unlimited resources into

building relationships.

Even though not many of us are aware of this, we are already witnesses to
how machines can trigger the reward centres in the human brain. Just look at
click-bait headlines and video games. These headlines are often optimized with
A/B testing, a rudimentary form of algorithmic optimization for content to
capture our attention. This and other methods are used to make numerous video
and mobile games become addictive. Tech addiction is the new frontier of human
dependency.

Security, The more powerful a technology becomes, the more can it be

used for nefarious reasons as well as good. This applies not only to robots
produced to replace human soldiers, or autonomous weapons, but to AI systems that
can cause damage if used maliciously. Because these fights won't be fought on the
battleground only, cybersecurity will become even more important. After all, we’re
dealing with a system that is faster and more capable than us by orders of magnitude.
 Robots has a great impact in ourlives therefore, not only for advantages but also
for disadvantages. So there is a group of people who protest. The protest spokesperson
insisted they didn’t intend to stop the progress of technology, but they hoped to
encourage government oversight and even a worldwide organization to make sure that
these technologies are developed safely and under controlled growth.

He added, “I think slowing it down would be a disservice to humanity. I’m glad

there are people who think that way. Let’s think about this scientifically, but let’s not
stop research. I think if you were to ask Elon Musk if we should stifle progress, I don’t
think he would want to do that,”

"Automation anxiety" is likely to trigger popular resistance to robotization, Carl

Frey, a leading researcher on the future of work, tells Axios. But all we have to do is to
be responssible in handling technologies. It is us not the robots because are
programmable and who made the programs. Us, humankind. So we are the one who
made this to our society. Scientist nly wants us to have a better life but people are
abbusive. They abuse the use of science and technology.