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1. Form: to have (present tense)+ the past participle of the main verb.
Positive
Subject to have past participle
She has finished.
Negative
Subject to have + not past participle
She hasn't finished.
Interrogative positive
to have subject past participle
Has she finished...?
Interrogative negative
to have + not subject past participle
Hasn't she finished...?
2. Use:
The present perfect is used for a complete action: We are thinking of the result when
describing:
EXAMPLES:
1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
4. An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed by 'just')
5. An action when the result is very important but the time is not.
Very Important: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we
use the simple past.
When talking about the length of time (duration), we use the present perfect with for + a
period of time.
When talking about a starting point, we use the present perfect with since + a point in
time.
I have worked here for five years. She has lived here for twenty years. They have
been married for six months.
a. in questions
Have you ever been to Canada?
Has she ever met someone famous?
b. in negative questions
Haven't they ever been to Canada?
Haven't you ever eaten Thai food?
Already, yet and still. It can be placed before the main verb (past participle) or at the
end of the sentence.
Yet is used in negative statements and questions when we are expecting something to
happen and goes at the end of the sentence.