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STANDARD SPECIFICATION
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This document contains proprietary information belonging to Brown & Root NA Ltd.
It may neither be wholly or partially reproduced without the prior written permission
of Brown & Root NA Ltd.
Users of this document must always consult the appointed Custodian for advice. The
Custodian should be notified of any errors, omissions and suggested improvements.
BROWN & ROOT NA LTD
INDEX SHEET FOR REVISIONS
REVISION HISTORY
Custodian
Name: Discipline: Signature: Date:
M. Owen. Electrical
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STANDARD TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR
OUTDOOR OIL IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS PAGE 2 OF 48
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 3
2.0 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 3
3.0 DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................... 3
4.0 REGULATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS ...................................................... 3
5.0 OTHER REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ................................................................. 4
6.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................... 4
6.1 Operating and Design Requirements ........................................................................ 4
6.2 Detailed Requirements ............................................................................................... 6
6.3 Nameplates ................................................................................................................. 27
6.4 Materials and Construction and Corrosion Protection Measures ........................... 28
6.5 Shipping ...................................................................................................................... 28
6.6 Performance Testing .................................................................................................. 29
7.0 DOCUMENTATION TO BE SUBMITTED .......................................................... 37
ATTACHMENTS
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Standard Technical Specification specifies the minimum technical requirements for design,
manufacture, installation and testing of outdoor oil immersed power transformers for general
applicability to equipment employed in the water industry in hot climates.
2.0 SCOPE
Codes and standards are referenced to specify practices to be followed. This Specification
further enhances the codes and standards by defining particular Owner requirements for the
equipment. It includes Data Sheet proforma which are intended to provide essential
information to the Contractor in order to permit complete design, specification and installation
of the equipment and for requesting data from the Contractor at the time of offer.
3.0 DEFINITIONS
Unless indicated otherwise in this Specification, the requirements of the following regulations,
codes and standards shall apply:-
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Other relevant Specifications and documents referenced herein are listed below:-
In general, all hardware and accessories shall be made from corrosion resistant materials.
Transformers of the same type and rating shall be interchangeable both electrically and
mechanically. Like parts, when interchanged, shall perform their function equally well in every
respect.
The minimum design service life shall be as stated in the Owner Data Sheets.
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Each transformer shall have a rated power output (MVA) in accordance with the
Owner Data Sheets and, under site conditions, shall be capable of (without exceeding
the normal temperature rise limit (IEC 76-2 2.1)) the following:
Delivering its rated power from any winding continuously, irrespective of the
direction of power flow, at any tapping, with the output winding at ±10% rated
voltage, the frequency at ±5% rated and a load power factor between 0.8
lagging and 0.9 leading.
For multi-winding transformers each winding shall be capable of being loaded to its
specified rating irrespective of the loading on other windings. The arithmetic sum of
the winding loads shall not exceed the source winding capability.
The maximum vibration level of the transformers and its appurtenances shall be such
that visible motion is not detectable.
The maximum noise level for the power transformers shall not exceed the levels
specified in NEMA TR1. The noise output shall be confirmed by testing to IEC 551.
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6.1.3 Overloads
Each transformer and all component parts shall be capable of overload operation in
accordance with IEC 354.
6.2.1 Tank
All joints of oil-filled fabricated chambers, other than those which have to be broken,
shall be welded. Care shall be taken to ensure that the chambers are oil-tight.
Defective welded joints shall not be caulked but shall be re-welded subject to the
written approval of the Owner.
Oil filling level indication shall be engraved on the inside and outside of chambers.
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All joint faces shall be machined flat and parallel and arranged to prevent the ingress
of water or leakage of oil with a minimum of gasket surface exposed to the action of
oil or air.
Oil-resisting synthetic rubber gaskets shall not be used, unless the degree of
compression is accurately controlled and Owner approval is obtained. For gaskets of
cork or similar, oil resisting synthetic rubber may be used as a bonding medium subject
to Owner approval. The gaskets shall be at least 6 mm thick when compressed. All
mounting bolts shall be external to the gasket.
The tank and conservator (if required) shall be designed to withstand vacuum filling at
full vacuum in the field.
All covers shall have an inside surface flush with the inside of the tank to avoid
pockets for collection of gas.
Special precautions shall be taken to ensure that any gas evolved is directed as quickly
as possible to the gas detector relay. The tank covers shall be slanted or domed away
from the direction of the major axes to prevent gas from being trapped at the ends or
sides of the tank cover. The gas collection point shall be located at the "high spot" of
the cover. If there are any internal pockets where gas could collect they shall have a
collar extending down into the oil, so that only that gas which is evolved vertically
below the collar is trapped by the collar. All such pockets shall be piped to the gas
detector relay and shall also be provided with bleed devices for venting of large
quantities (over 800 cm3) of trapped air or gas. Any gas collection pockets which
cannot be piped to the gas detector relay, such as the pressure relief vent pipe and
spaces between bushing draw leads and bushing central tubes, shall be provided with
gas deflectors to prevent gas from entering such points.
Movement of the tank in any direction shall be possible using either rollers (90 degree
swivel, removable after installation), flanged wheels or steel skid plate/skid base. The
skids shall extend to the edge tank and beyond, where necessary, to give the
transformer a minimum tipping angle of at least 25 degrees when completely
assembled.
Pulling eyes shall be provided near the tank base and shall be located to permit
skidding and slewing the transformer through an angle of 90o. The pulling eyes shall
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Four jacking steps shall be provided in line with the foundation pier centre-lines and
shall have a minimum height of 350 mm. Each jacking step shall have a capacity for
lifting one half of the weight of the completely assembled transformer filled with oil.
Lifting facilities shall be provided for lifting the completely assembled transformer
filled with oil.
The tank cover shall be designed to shed water and shall be bolted to the main tank.
Lifting eyes shall be provided to facilitate removal. Two full capacity earth
connections shall be provided between the cover and the tank.
All pipe entries to the main tank shall have oil-tight shut-off valves, which can be
locked in either the open or closed position and arranged to give positive indication for
both positions.
The tank shall be complete with filling and drain valves with a capped male fitting.
The drain valve cap shall incorporate an oil sampling connection and valve.
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Cores and coils shall be braced to withstand the short circuit forces without damage or
displacement of the coil on the core, and to withstand normal moving and handling
without the use of special shipping braces.
Suitable cooling liquid passages shall be provided to limit the hot spot temperature rise
above the average winding temperature rise at rated load to those values specified in
IEC 76.
Lifting lugs shall be included to facilitate removal of the complete core and coil
assembly for repairs.
The current carrying capability of the transformer shall be limited only by the capacity
of the core and coils, not by the capacity of other current carrying components such as
bushings and tap changers.
The Contractor shall furnish three complete sets of photographs of each core and coil
assembly. The photographs shall be taken just prior to placing the completed core and
coil assembly into the tank .
All photographs shall be 216 by 279 mm gloss colour prints properly labelled as to the
views taken. A total of five different views shall be provided as follows:
Top view.
Front view.
Left side view.
Rear view.
Right side view.
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Transformer coil windings shall be fabricated from copper conductor, either disk or
cylindrical type, and be impregnated paper insulated.
The coils shall be insulated from the core and each other with sufficient insulation to
withstand without damage the impulse and low frequency dielectric tests.
Each transformer shall be designed so that with the impulse test voltage or the
maximum "let-through" voltage of the associated surge arresters, applied to any
winding, the maximum surge that can be transferred to the other windings shall not
exceed their insulation level.
Where tertiary windings are required the manufacturer shall provide them. They shall
be designed to withstand without damage the effects of short circuits on the tertiary or
other windings up to the short circuit capabilities.
Where tertiary windings are not specified, but are required, a stabilising winding or
"buried" tertiary can be provided.
On three phase units one corner of the "buried" or stabilising winding shall be provided
with two removable test links, one to open the delta and the other to open the earth
connection. These links shall be located inside the transformer tank and shall be easily
accessible through a manhole in the tank cover.
The core shall be constructed from high grade grain oriented silicon steel laminations.
The laminate surface shall be treated with inorganic insulation.
Any frame and core bolts shall be insulated from the core.
The cores, framework and clamping arrangements shall be capable of withstanding any
shocks to which the transformers may be subjected. Movement of the transformer core
relative to the tank shall be prevented.
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Care shall be taken to maintain even mechanical pressure over the whole of the
laminated core. Each lamination shall be insulated with a material which will not
deteriorate under pressure and the action of hot oil.
The transformer shall be designed to avoid undesirable harmonics, especially third and
fifth harmonics.
The core earth connection shall be accessible from a manhole without removing any oil
from the transformer tank or entering the tank.
The transformer shall be provided with the necessary amount of high grade mineral
insulating oil. The oil shall be in accordance with the IEC 296 (Class 1) standard.
Where possible, the transformer shall be shipped filled to the 25 oC oil level. If the
transformer cannot be shipped filled with oil it shall be filled with nitrogen or dry air.
The initial filling of the transformer shall be under methods designed to eliminate
entrained air and moisture from within the tank and windings.
If the dielectric test strength of any oil received in the field, whether shipped separately
or in the transformer, tests less than 30kV when tested in accordance with the
procedures of IEC 156, the Contractor shall ensure that the manufacturer provides all
labour, supervision, material and equipment required to furnish the oil quality specified
with no additional cost.
Transformers shall use an Inert Gas System, Sealed Tank System or an Oil
Conservator System for protecting the oil against atmospheric moisture and oxygen.
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Valves shall be provided to permit purging the gas space and testing
the seal on the tank by admitting dry nitrogen under pressure. A gas
sampling valve shall be located opposite the nitrogen gas tank inlet.
All hand hold covers and bushings shall be securely bolted to gasketed
openings in the cover. The cover shall be welded in place. Each
preservation system shall also include a pressure vacuum gauge and a
pressure relief device designed to seal the interior of the transformer
from the atmosphere and hold the gas plus oil volume constant without
the internal gas pressure exceeding 0.70 kg/cm2 (10 psi) gauge
positive or 0.56 kg/cm2 (9 psi) gauge negative.
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The capacity between the highest and lowest visible levels shall not be
less than 7.5% of the total cold oil volume in the transformer and
cooling equipment.
The main oil feed pipe from the conservator to the transformer shall
be connected to the highest point of the transformer tank. It shall be
arranged at a rising angle towards the conservator from 3 to 7 degrees
to the horizontal and shall have a minimum internal diameter of 75
mm. Sharp bends in the pipework shall be avoided.
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All equipment requiring inspection shall be installed in easily accessible locations. All
indicating thermometers, oil level gauges, etc. shall be located so that they can be easily read
from ground level. All electrical contacts shall provide for alarming or tripping and shall be
suitable for 250 volt d.c. (direct current) unearthed service, with a minimum of 0.5 ampere,
inductive rating.
Each transformer shall be provided with a complete set of Owner approved manufacturer's
standard accessories and fittings which as a minimum shall include:
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A magnetic oil level gauge mounted on the wall of the transformer tank, complete with
low level alarm/trip contacts. The dial shall indicate when the oil is above the core and
windings during filling operations.
A magnetic oil level gauge, complete with low level alarm contacts, shall be mounted
on the end of the conservator tank (if provided). The dial shall indicate the minimum,
maximum and normal 25oC levels.
Dial type winding temperature indicator, responsive to the combination of top oil
temperature and winding current, calibrated to follow the hottest spot temperature of
the transformer winding. The dial shall be mounted at eye level. The temperature
indicator shall be provided with separately adjustable sets of contacts to perform the
following functions:
Initiate a trip of the transformer load side breakers when the temperature reaches
120oC.
The winding temperature indicator shall have provision for field calibration.
A Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) shall be provided for measuring the hot spot
temperature of each winding, with external connections.
A dial type oil temperature indicator with its sensing element shall be located in the
path of the hottest oil. The dial shall be mounted adjacent to that of the winding
temperature indicator. The temperature indicator shall be equipped with separately
adjustable sets of contacts to perform the following functions :
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Initiate a trip of the transformer load side breaker(s) when the temperature reaches
105oC.
Valves
12 mm sampling valve.
38 mm lower filter valve mounted on the opposite side of the tank diagonally
opposite the upper filter valve.
All valves shall be gate type and be provided with dummy plugs or blanking plates.
Earthing Terminals
Two pads shall be mounted diagonally opposite each other and near the bottom of the
transformer. Similar earth pad(s) shall also be provided on the cover of three phase
transformers near the neutral bushing(s). For solidly earthed transformer neutrals,
suitable copper earth connections shall be provided from the neutral bushing to the
earth pad on the top of the tank.
9.2.9 Bushings
All bushings shall be outdoor type and shall comply with the requirements of IEC 137. Lifting
lugs shall be included.
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Transformer bushings for 33 kV and above shall be filled with transformer oil and there shall
be no connection with the oil in the transformer. Bushings above 110 kV shall be the condenser
type. An oil gauge readable from ground level shall be provided. The visible oil levels in the
gauge shall correspond to average oil temperatures from the minimum ambient stated in the
Specifications to plus 70oC. The oil level at 15oC shall be marked.
Connections from the main windings to bushings shall be flexible and shall be such that undue
mechanical stresses are not imposed on them during assembly on site. On oil filled bushings,
the metal distributing plate shall terminate under oil. Oil filled bushings shall have power
factor test plugs.
Adequate provision shall be made for distributing the mechanical stress at the mounting flange.
All bushing mounting flanges shall be provided with a gasket which shall be at least 3 mm
thick after being compressed. This gasket shall be confined in a recess machined in the tank
flange or the base of the bushing flange inside the mounting bolt holes or otherwise
satisfactorily restrained.
All current carrying surfaces of power transformer bushings, except for the terminal adapters,
shall be copper or copper alloy material and shall be plated to inhibit deterioration. The
terminal adapter pad may be aluminium provided proper care is taken in making the copper to
aluminium connections.
The acceptance of all bushings shall be subjected to the review of drawings showing their
details of construction.
Current transformers shall be bushing type with fully distributed windings, unless otherwise
approved by Owner. The relay/metering accuracy Class shall be 5 P 20/0.5 on all taps and a
minimum of 100 VA capacity.
All current transformer leads, including those from each tap of multiple ratio bushing current
transformer, shall be terminated in IP 55 terminal boxes on the exterior of the transformer tank
and shall be extended into the transformer control cabinet. The current transformer leads shall
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be terminated on six point, shorting type terminal blocks mounted in the transformer control
cabinet.
Current transformers shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, the peak and rated
short-time currents of their associated equipment. Standard secondary current shall be one
ampere with an extended current rating of 200%.
The secondary windings of each set of current transformers shall be earthed at one point only
via a bolted disconnecting link. The current transformer core, where accessible, shall be
separately earthed.
Where tapped secondary windings are specified a label shall be provided at the secondary
terminals of the current transformer indicating clearly the connections required for each tap.
The connections and the ratio in use shall be indicated on all connection diagrams.
Design magnetisation curves and d.c. resistance values shall be submitted for each current
transformer to be used for protective relaying purposes and shall be subsequently verified by
routine factory tests and test certificates.
The current transformer burden capability shall be the largest available rating for each ratio.
Surge arresters shall be in general accordance with IEC 99. Requirements for tests
specified herein shall supersede the standards in cases of conflict.
Surge arresters shall be designed and manufactured to minimise the effects of pollution
on the exterior porcelain.
Surge arresters of the "station" type shall be furnished for each bushing terminal where
specified. The surge arresters shall be the gapless metal oxide type not susceptible to
failure due to external contamination.
Each arrester shall be self-supporting and designed for base mounting. They shall be
furnished mounted on, and earthed, to the transformer tank.
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All ferrous parts exposed to the weather and subject to corrosion shall be hot-dip
galvanised in accordance with the "Standard Specification for Coatings and Linings".
Each arrester shall have a pressure relief device which will act positively to vent gas
pressures for the prevention of explosion of the porcelain in the event of arrester
failure.
An automatic surge arrester discharge counter shall be provided with each surge
arrester stack. The discharge counter shall be complete with arrester insulating
sub-base and hanger hardware. The discharge counter shall be equipped with a
leakage current meter.
The surge counter and leakage current meter shall be designed for outdoor service,
otherwise installed in a weather-proof housing with window.
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Interconnecting leads between the arrester, surge counter, current leakage meter
and station earth shall be provided.
The surge counter shall be connected with bolted connections such that a link can
be connected across the surge counter to earth the surge arrester prior to removing
surge counter for maintenance or adjustment.
The surge counter shall be designed to prevent personnel injury during the arrester
operation.
Corona free connections between surge arresters and bushings shall be provided.
These connections shall have a flexible arrangement so that the bushing will not be
over-stressed during vacuum filling.
No visible corona or brush discharge shall exist at applied voltage. Lights shall be
turned off in the test bay and visible start and stop corona voltages shall be
recorded with the corresponding radio noise voltages on both ascending and
descending voltage values. Photographs shall be taken for each recorded voltage
value. NEMA 107 test procedures shall be used.
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An off-circuit tap changer shall be available to adjust taps when the transformer is not
excited. It shall be manually operated from the outside of the tank with an operating
handle on the sidewall of tank accessible from ground level. The handle shall have a
tap position indicator and provision for padlocking in any position. Off-circuit taps
shall be located in the high voltage (HV) windings and shall be rated for full capacity.
The on-load tap changer shall comply with IEC 214. The on-load tap changer shall be
provided with all necessary equipment mounted at the transformer for manual and
automatic operation. The equipment shall include a manual "Lower-Raise" control
switch and tap position indicators for local control at the transformer.
The on-load taps shall be controlled by motor operated equipment of proven reliability
and requiring a minimum of maintenance.
All on-load tap changer components shall be designed for the full continuous rating of
the transformer. The drive mechanism shall be designed so that it is impossible for the
tap changer to stop in any non-fully rated position. This shall apply whether the tap
changer is driven by the motor or by manual hand operation.
The tap changer operation shall start on a "Raise" or "Lower" impulse of short
duration and shall "seal-in" and complete the step by itself. The duration of a signal
beyond the time required for operation shall not initiate a second operation. In the
event of a power failure during a tap change operation, the tap changer shall
automatically complete its operation to the next upper or lower tap position as soon as
power returns. The return of power shall not initiate a second operation.
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Tap changer motor protection shall consist of an overcurrent automatic air circuit
breaker with manual reset, or alternatively, a contactor with an isolating device, fuses
and single phasing protection. An alarm shall be provided for operation of any motor
protective devices.
The diverter switches shall be located in a separate compartment so that the oil is
completely isolated from the main transformer oil. It shall be possible to drain and
sample the oil from this compartment for maintenance purposes without lowering the
oil in the main transformer compartment.
Each tap changer oil-filled compartment shall be provided with a magnetic oil level
gauge with low level alarm contacts, pressure relief device, filling/filter valve and
drain/filter valve.
The diverter switch compartment shall also be provided with a fault pressure relay
with auxiliary contacts or, alternatively, auxiliary contacts may be provided on the
pressure relief device. A dehydrating type breather shall be provided mounted at eye
level. The breather shall contain a colour indicator and shall be of a type in which the
desiccant is not in continuous contact with the atmosphere.
When the design of tap changer requires an oil expansion tank, it shall be piped to the
main transformer conservator. Unless otherwise approved by Owner, it shall be piped
to a separate compartment in the conservator, although, with Owner approval, it may
be piped to the transformer compartment if an Owner approved filter is provided in the
tap changer to conservator oil connection pipe. If piped to a separate compartment the
compartment shall be provided with its own magnetic oil level gauge with low level
alarm contacts, filling/filter press valve and drain valve. A fault pressure relay with
auxiliary contacts shall be provided in the pipe to the conservator. A shut-off valve
shall be provided in the conservator pipe, on the conservator side of the fault pressure
relay.
All oil level gauges shall be legible from ground level Filling and drain valves shall be
not less than 25 mm complete with dummy plugs.
The tap changer voltage regulator shall be designed to maintain low voltage winding(s)
at or above the selected setpoint.
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The regulator shall be designed such that the taps shall not be changed unless the
voltage deviation is greater than a pre-set value. The deviation shall be adjustable
from 0 to + 5% of the rated winding voltage.
Line drop compensation shall be provided when specified and shall be of the resistance
and reactance type. Current and potential test switches shall be provided for test
purposes. Blocking facilities shall be provided to prevent the tap changer from raising
if the voltage rises above an adjustable pre-set value and from lowering if the voltage
falls below an adjustable pre-set value.
Remote controls shall be provided with the necessary equipment to provide for remote
tap changer control, including a key lock "Local-Remote" selector switch with the key
removable in both positions, a digital type tap position indicator, "Raise/Lower"
pushbuttons or a selector switch, a "tap change in progress" indication lamp and
buzzer for each transformer. The equipment shall be mounted and wired on a control
panel.
Voltage for the voltage regulating circuits shall be obtained from external voltage
transformers (VTs) connected to the terminals of the transformer winding(s).
A safety switch, inter-locked with the hand crank, shall be provided so that mechanism
cannot be operated by the crank unless all control circuits are opened.
A removable handle shall be provided for manual hand operation of the tap changer.
The handle shall automatically block the electrical control when in its operating
position. Manual hand operation shall be operable from ground level.
The tap changer controls and auxiliary equipment shall be mounted in the transformer
control cabinet but, with Owner approval, may be housed in their own IP 55 cabinet
accessible from ground level. The cabinet shall have padlocking facilities. A
shatterproof window shall be installed in the cabinet to permit reading of the tap
changer position.
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The cooling system shall consist of the necessary radiators, heat exchangers and
accessories separately or in such combinations, as required, to maintain normal
temperature rise limits and MVA ratings with any one cooling element i.e. radiator or
heat exchanger, out of service. All cooling equipment shall include the necessary
supports, mountings, automatic control equipment, conduits and wiring.
All radiators and heat exchangers shall be equipped with bolted flanges and valves to
permit the removal of any radiator or heat exchanger without draining the oil from the
transformer or any other radiator or heat exchanger. A minimum 38 mm drain valve
and plug shall be provided in the bottom of each radiator or heat exchanger. The
design and construction of the radiators and heat exchangers shall eliminate pockets
where moisture can accumulate or which can prevent effective surface preparation and
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protective coating. Bracing of radiator tubes shall not be by direct welding of the
bracing to the tubes, fins and panels.
6.3 Nameplates
The transformer shall be provided with a nameplate in accordance with IEC 76. Bushings
shall be provided with nameplates in accordance with IEC 137. Nameplates shall be fastened
to the equipment with inherently corrosion resistant machine screws or other Owner approved
methods. Terminal and tapping markings shall be in accordance with IEC 616.
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Device and panel nameplates shall be installed to designate the service of all switches
instruments, meters, fuse blocks, relays, amplifiers etc.. Standard nameplates included with
instruments shall not be considered adequate and separate nameplates bearing the service
description, instrument number and calibrated range shall be provided by the manufacturer.
Material of construction and corrosion protection measures shall be selected to ensure galvanic
compatibility, corrosion resistance, mechanical and electrical performance and shall be capable
of providing the required minimum design service life.
Protective coatings shall comply with the requirements of "Standard Specification for Coatings
and Linings", and as specified on the Owner Data Sheets.
Non-metallic materials shall be selected to meet the minimum design service life taking full
account of exposure conditions over the life of the item.
6.5 Shipping
The transformer tank, core and coils, tap changers, radiators, heat exchangers, control
equipment, bushings, lightning arresters (if required) and all accessory equipment shall be
adequately anchored, braced and packed to prevent damage from vibration, shock or damages
that might reasonably be encountered in transportation and handling.
Transformers shall be shipped with the core and coils immersed in oil unless prohibited by
shipping limitations. If core and coils cannot be shipped immersed in oil, transformer tank
shall be shipped filled with nitrogen gas or dry air under pressure.
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Where transformers are shipped filled with nitrogen gas or dry air in place or oil, all valves
shall be either plugged or covered to prevent tampering while in transit. A gauge, or a
connection for a gauge, shall be provided to indicate the air or gas pressure.
The manufacturer shall attach to each shipment an impact recorder which shall be capable of
recording shocks in three axes. The impact recorder shall remain the property of the
Contractor. The chart and three copies of it shall be delivered to the Owner at site.
Contractor shall perform all type test, routine tests and special tests necessary to demonstrate
the suitability of the equipment provided.
The plant and equipment shall be subject to inspection by Owner during the course of, and on
completion of, manufacture, factory testing, erection and site testing to ensure compliance with
this Specification and to provide the necessary operating data.
Contractor shall supply copies of the relevant test report certificates to Owner, as soon as
practical after each factory test, site test and commissioning. All test reports and certificates
shall be submitted for approval by Owner.
Contractor may submit type test certificate in lieu of actual type tests provided these have been
independently witnessed and cover identical items of plant.
The type tests prescribed shall be carried out at Contractor's expense in all cases where such
certificates are not available or rejected.
If any test piece fails to comply with the requirements of the appropriate Specification, the
Owner reserves the right to reject the material in question and have it replaced.
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The subsequent Sections list specific inspections, factory tests and site tests required by the
Owner. This shall not preclude the Owner's right to call for further tests if considered
necessary to verify the suitability of the equipment.
Temperature rise.
Line terminal lightning impulse.
Neutral terminal impulse.
The tapping connection to be used for the impulse tests shall be the one on which the
highest voltage stresses occur.
A noise level test shall be performed in accordance with IEC 551, to the levels
specified by NEMA TR1.
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Routine and type tests shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 214.
All cable boxes and disconnecting chambers shall be tested at a pressure of 70kN/m²
for 12 hours with oil having a viscosity, at 15°C, not greater than that of IEC 296
insulating oil. During this time no leakage shall occur nor shall there be any
permanent deformation when the pressure is released.
Routine, type, sample and special tests shall be carried out in accordance with IEC
137. A special short time current test shall be made such that each type of bushing
being provided shall be subjected to a short time current test in accordance with IEC
56 for 3 seconds at the fault rating specified.
Oil Leakage
All tanks and oil filled compartments including all radiators shall be tested, before
painting, for oil tightness by being completely filled with oil of a viscosity not greater
than that of IEC 296 insulating oil at a temperature of 15°C and subjected to a
2
pressure equal to the normal pressure plus 35 kN/m . This pressure shall be maintained
for a period of not less than 24 hours, during which time no leakage shall occur.
The tap changer barrier shall be subjected to normal oil pressure head for 24 hours,
during which time there shall be no leakage from the panel or bushings.
Type Tests:
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Vacuum
One transformer tank, tap changing compartment, radiator and cooler of each size
shall be subjected, when empty of oil, to a vacuum test. There shall be no permanent
deflection of the stiffeners, nor shall the deflection of the panels exceed the value
specified in the following table.
Up to 1.5 m 3 mm
1.5 m - 3 m 8 mm
above 3 m 13 mm
Pressure
One transformer tank tap changing compartment, radiator and cooler of each size shall
2
be subjected to a pressure corresponding to the normal pressure plus 35 kN/m for 12
hours. There shall be no permanent deflection of the stiffeners nor shall the permanent
deflection of panels between stiffeners exceed the value specified in the above table.
This test may be combined with a routine oil leakage test.
The tap changer barrier shall be shown to withstand an over-pressure test of normal
2
pressure plus 35 kN/m for 12 hours.
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A pressure relief device of each size shall be subjected to increasing oil pressure and
2
shall operate before reaching normal pressure plus 35 kN/m . The operating pressure
shall be recorded on the test certificate.
Samples of oil from each consignment shall be tested in accordance with IEC 296
before dispatch.
Subject to the agreement of the Owner a test certificate, confirming that the oil from
which the consignment was drawn has been tested in accordance with IEC 296, may be
accepted. Before commissioning any transformer, the dielectric strength of its oil shall
be checked, tested and the results approved by the Owner.
The following routine tests shall be made on relays when completely assembled.
Where oil is referred to it shall have a viscosity not greater than that of IEC 296
insulating oil at 15°C.
Oil Leakage
2
The relay, when filled with oil shall be subjected to an internal pressure of 110 kN/m
for 15 minutes. No leakage shall occur either from the casing or into normally oil free
spaces, such as floats, within the casing.
Gas Collection
With the relay mounted as in service and at a rising angle of 5 degrees (tank to
conservator) and full of oil, gas shall be introduced into the relay until the gas
collection contacts close. The oil level contacts shall not close when gas is escaping
freely from the relay on the conservator side. These contacts shall, however, close
when the pipework is empty of oil.
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The empty relay shall be tilted, as if mounted in pipework rising from tank to
conservator, at an increasing angle until the gas collection contacts open. The angle of
tilt shall then be reduced and the gas collection contacts shall close before the angle is
reduced to less than 13 degrees to the horizontal.
With the relay mounted at a falling angle of 16 degrees to the horizontal and full of oil,
the gas collection contacts shall be open.
Oil Surge
With the relay mounted as in service and full of oil at approximately 15°C, the surge
contacts shall close within the steady oil flow limits specified. This operation shall not
be adversely affected when the gas collection contacts have already closed and gas is
escaping freely.
Voltage
With the relay empty of oil, a voltage of 2 kV shall be applied in turn between each of
the electrical circuits and the casing for one minute, the remaining circuits being
connected to the casing.
Production tests for instrument transformer shall be in accordance with IEC 185 for
current transformers and IEC 186 for VTs. A test certificate and excitation curve shall
be provided for each type of transformer. The current transformer excitation, ratio and
phase angle curves shall be verified as part of the current transformer routine tests.
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The Contractor shall be responsible for the proper installation, alignment, necessary
adjustments, sites tests, inspection and putting into commercial service of all the
equipment provided.
The Owner shall be notified in writing as soon as any section of the Contractor works
is completed and ready for site testing. All equipment shall be tested in accordance with
a test programme that has been approved by the Owner. All tests shall be carried out
in co-operation with and in the presence of the Owner and shall be subject to the
requirements and operating conditions of the Owner's system. Certificates and records
of all tests shall be submitted to the Owner for approval.
The Contractor shall carry out any additional tests that may be required by the Owner
to prove that the equipment has the capacity to work under the most onerous site
conditions.
The following site tests shall be performed to ensure a satisfactory system. The tests
shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Ratio and no-load current at reduced voltage (e.g. 4000 V) on all tappings.
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On-load tap changer operation throughout range (subject to but not exceeding
1.1 per unit volts on any winding).
Maintenance of 1.1 per unit volts on untapped windings for 15 minutes (but
not exceeding this value on tapped windings).
Test on load:
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Contractor shall submit the following documentation to Owner for review and approval:-
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_________________________________________________________________________________
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ATTACHMENT 1
OWNER DATA SHEET
(PROFORMA)
General Data
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ATTACHMENT 1
OWNER DATA SHEET
(PROFORMA)
Equipment Data
Ratings
Primary & Secondary
Tertiary
No load Voltage Ratio
Tap Changer
Off Circuit or On Load?
Tap range (%)
Number of steps
Primary or secondary device?
Phase End, Neutral End or Centred?
Automatic Secondary Winding Voltage Control?
Line Drop Compensation?
Paralleled transformers?
Voltages
Highest system voltage Primary
Highest system voltage Secondary
Highest system voltage Tertiary
Nominal system voltage Primary
Nominal system voltage Secondary
Nominal system voltage Tertiary
Terminals
Primary
Primary Neutral
Secondary
Secondary Neutral
Tertiary
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Primary winding
Secondary winding
Neutral Bushing insulation level
Materials of construction
Welding requirements
Non-destructive examination requirements
Protective coating requirements
External surfaces
Internal surfaces
Fasteners
Finish colour
Additional comments
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ATTACHMENT 2
OFFER DATA SHEET
(PROFORMA)
Quantity
Substation location
Manufacturer
Port of shipment
Country of manufacturer
Minimum design service life (years)
Class and type of core
Conductor material of each winding
Is delta connected inside transformer?
Rated winding voltages
Tap changer
Manufacturer
Off-circuit
Off-load
On-load
Automatic/manual
Parallel operation
Number of taps and percent volts each tap
location of taps on winding
Line bushing
Manufacturer
Type and catalogue number
Insulation class kV
Rated continuous current A
Basic impulse insulation level (BIL) kV
Maximum design voltage to ground kV
Minimum creepage mm
Withstand tests
Dry (1 minute) kV
Wet (10 seconds) kV
List test taps provided
Neutral bushing
Manufacturer
Type and catalogue number
Insulation class kV
Rated continuous current A
Basic impulse insulation level (BIL) kV
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Impedance voltage
Specify HV/LV, HV Tertiary, LV/Tertiary
Full load principle tap (%, rating, cooling)
Tolerances
Full load, lowest voltage tap (%, rating,
cooling)
Tolerances
Full load , highest voltage tap (%, rating,
cooling)
Tolerances
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Fans
Manufacturer and catalogue number
Number per heat exchanger
Kilowatt rating (each) kW
Voltage and phase V/ph
Locked rotor current (each) A
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Pumps
Manufacturer and catalogue number
Number per heat exchanger
Kilowatt rating (each) kW
Voltage and phase V/ph
Locked rotor current (each) A
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_________________________________________________________________________________
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Transformer Tank
Vacuum withstand, (absolute pressure) mm Hg
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Overall dimensions
Height over high voltage bushings m
Height over low voltage bushings m
Height over tertiary bushings m
Depth m
Width m
Shipping height m
Height above base, required to remove highest bushing m
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