Hydraulic Design of Syphon Aqueduct at Ch 24.645 Km.

Canal Data
Discharge of Canal = 6800 Cusec 192.44 Cumec
Bed Width = 65 m
Side Slope = 1.5 H : 1 V 3 H:1V
FSD = 3.05 m
Bed Level of Canal = 160.003 m
FSL of Canal = 163.053 m

Drainage Data
Catchment Area = 2.50 Sq Km 2.5 Sq. km.
Ground Level = 161.686 m
Bed Level of Drainage = 161.386 m (NSL)
HFL of Drainage = 161.386+0.300 161.686 m (Assumed)

Step 1 - Design of Drainage Waterway

Flood Discharge as per Dicken's formula
Q = CM3/4
C= 11 (considering Rainfall 850 mm average)
M = Catchment Area in sq. km.
Q= 21.87 Cumec
Say 22.00 Cumec
Limiting the velocity through Syphon to a value of 2 m/sec
Area of Box Required = 11 sq.m.
Assume 2 cell of Box Size 3 m (W) X 2 m (H)
Area of Box = 12 sq.m.

Step 2 - Design of Canal Waterway

The lined Canal Section shall be retained as it is i.e. no fluming will be done.
Step 3 - Head Loss through the Syphon Barrals
The head loss through the Syphon barrals (Box) is given by Unwin's formula as equal to
(neglecting velocity of approach)

ℎ=[ 1+� +� .𝐿/𝑅] �2/2�

1 2
Where V = Velocity through the barrals 1.83 m/sec
F1 = Coefficient of loss of head at entry= 0.505 for unshelped mouth
F2 = a (1 + b/R)
Where a = 0.00316
b= 0.03 for cement plastered boxer
R = Hydraulic mean depth for a box= 0.6 m
F2 = a (1 + b/R)= 0.00332
L = Length of Box = 100.2 m
Say 100.2 m

Therefore Head Loss h= 0.353 m

HFL of Drainage = 161.686 m 161.686 m

d/s HFL = 161.686 m
afflux (h) = 0.353 m
u/s HFL = d/s HFL + Afflux (or loss of head) 162.039 m

Step 4 - Uplift pressure on bottom of boxes

R.L. of bottom of box = R.L. of canal bed - Lining thickness - Box thickness
= 159.353 m
Loss of head at entry of barral

= 0.087 m
Uplift on the roof=U/s HFL-Loss of Entry-Level of Underside of roof slab
= 2.599 m of water
= 0.505 = 25.99 Kn/m2
�2/2�=
(Assuming Unit weight of water = 10 KN/M2)
The concrete slab is 0.5 m thick and will thus exert a downward load of 0.5 x 24 = 12 KN/m2
The balance of the uplift pressure i.e. 13.99 Kn/m2
has to be resisted by the reinforcement to be provided at the top in the roof slab.
The roof slab has to be designed for full canal water load (3.05m of water) + self weight
(including lining weight), when the drainage water is low and not exerting any uplift.
Suitable reinforcement at bottom of the slab may be provided for this downward free.
Total downword force = 3.05 m of water + Self weight of lining + Self weight of slab
= 46.1 Kn/m2

Step 5 - Uplift on the bottom floor of box (a) static head

let us assume that a box thickness of 0.5m is provided
R L of box floor = B.L. of canal - Lining thickness- Box thickness - Height of Box
= 157.353 m
R.L. of bottom of floor = = 156.853 m
Bed Level of Drainage = = 161.386 m
Assuming the water table has gone up to bed level of drain,
The static uplift on the floor = 4.533 m of water

(b) seepage head

The seepage head will be maximum when the canal is running full and the drain is dry
Thus, the total seepage head
= FSL of canal - bed level of drain= 1.667 m
Length of Floor required under box = 100.2 m
Horizontal length of U/S ramp joining the bed level at a slope of 3:1

= 12.099 m
Horizontal length of D/S ramp joining the bed level at a slope of 5:1
= 20.165 m

Width of d/s cutoff beyond ramp = 0.6 m

Length of Extra floor provided on U/S side= 2.4 m

The total length of drainage floor = 135.464

Say 135.464 m

The residual seepage head at a point `b' in the centre of the first barral has been
calculated by Bligh's theory:
The total length of drainage floor = 135.464 m
The seepage line abc will traverse creep length as follows:
ab = Half of the barral span = 1.5 m
bc = Half of the total Drainage length= 67.732 m
Total length = 69.232 m

Total uplift = Static head + Seepage head

= 6.20 m of water
= 62 Kn/m2
The provided 0.5 thickness of slab will resist due to its own weight, an uplift =
= 12 Kn/m2
Suitable reinforcement for this uplift 50 Kn/m2
has to be provided at the top of the box flower so as to counterat the bending action.
Step 6 -Design of cutoffs and Protection works for the drainage floor
T ® = 0.47

R= 1.36 m

Provide depth of cut offs for scour holes of 1.5 R on both sides
Depth of U/S��cutoff
�ℎ� ����ℎ �����below HFL [= �/� ]1/3, assuming f2.05
(�)=0.47 = 0.9m
R.L. of bottom of U/S cutoff = 159.993 m
Actually provided D/S cut off upto 1 m below bottom of floor
= 155.853 m
Length of U/S protection (i.e. 400 mm thick apron)
= 2 [ R L of U/S bed - R L of bottom of U/S cutoff]
= 3m
Say 3m
Similarly, length of d/s protection (i.e. 400 m thick apron)
= 2 [ R L of D/S bed - R L of bottom of D/S cutoff]
= 11.066 m
Say 11 m
the pitching may be supported by 0.4 m wide and 1 m deep toe walls
24.645 Km.

g Rainfall 850 mm average)

 t of water = 10 KN/M2)
d of 0.5 x 24 = 12 KN/m2
 UDL FROM CANAL
WATER .FILLING AND LOAD OF
LINING TOP SLAB

EP
WP
WP
F A 500 B EP

2 500
500 500

3 3

E 500 C
D

UPLIFT FORCE
Earth Pressure :

Properties of backfill mate

c = 0
f = 30 degree 0.5236
Safety against Uplift as per IS 7784,Part 2,2000

Load calculation
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m3
Thickness of top slab = 0.5 m
Thickness of bottom slab = 0.5 m
Thickness of wall = 0.5 m
Cantilever projection of wall = 0.5 m
Thickness of liner = 0.15 m
Length of box = 79.799 m
Total Span = 7.5 m
Self weight of top slab = 7481.2 KN
Self weight of outer wall = 3990 KN
Self weight of inner wall = 1995 KN
Self weight of bottom raft = 7481.2 KN
Weight of cantilever projection = 997.49 KN
Weight of soil in cantilever projec = 3250 KN
Weight of water = 15418 KN
Self weight of liner = 1154.5 KN
Self weight of soil beside wall = 13838 KN Area = 51.73 one side+Area =40.52 othe
Weight of sand filling = 3493.9 KN
Uplift force due to water = 5984.9 KN
Check for stability
Total Vertical force = 59098 KN
Uplift force = 5984.9 KN
Vertical force/Uplift force = 9.8745 >1.2 OK

Total base pressure = 9.87 T/m2

 2.0384
6.1688
27.221

ne side+Area =40.52 other side

STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 16-Apr-15
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 1.75 0 0; 3 3.5 0 0; 4 5.25 0 0; 5 7 0 0; 6 7 1.25 0; 7 7 2.5 0;
8 5.25 2.5 0; 9 3.5 2.5 0; 10 1.75 2.5 0; 11 0 2.5 0; 12 0 1.25 0;
13 3.5 1.25 0; 14 0.35 0 0; 15 0.7 0 0; 16 1.05 0 0; 17 1.4 0 0; 18 2.1 0 0;
19 2.45 0 0; 20 2.8 0 0; 21 3.15 0 0; 22 3.85 0 0; 23 4.2 0 0; 24 4.55 0 0;
25 4.9 0 0; 26 5.6 0 0; 27 5.95 0 0; 28 6.3 0 0; 29 6.65 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 14; 2 2 18; 3 3 22; 4 4 26; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 7 8; 8 8 9; 9 9 10; 10 10 11;
11 11 12; 12 12 1; 13 9 13; 14 13 3; 15 14 15; 16 15 16; 17 16 17; 18 17 2;
19 18 19; 20 19 20; 21 20 21; 22 21 3; 23 22 23; 24 23 24; 25 24 25; 26 25 4;
27 26 27; 28 27 28; 29 28 29; 30 29 5;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.7e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 25
ALPHA 5e-006
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 TO 12 15 TO 30 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 1
13 14 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
2 TO 4 14 TO 29 FIXED BUT FX FZ MX MY MZ KFY 2800
1 FIXED BUT FX FZ MX MY MZ KFY 1400
5 FIXED BUT FZ MX MY MZ KFY 1400
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DEAD LOAD
SELFWEIGHT Y -1 LIST 1 TO 30
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE EP AND WP
MEMBER LOAD
*11 12 UNI GX 34.1
*5 6 UNI GX -34.1
11 TRAP GX 5.7 9.9
12 TRAP GX 9.9 14.09
6 TRAP GX -9.9 -5.79
5 TRAP GX -14.09 -9.9
11 TRAP GX 20.43 35.43
12 TRAP GX 35.43 50.43
6 TRAP GX -35.43 -20.43
5 TRAP GX -50.43 -35.43
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE UL SEEPAGE
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 4 15 TO 30 UNI GY 67
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE LOAD DUE TO CANAL+LINING+FILLING
MEMBER LOAD
7 TO 10 UNI GY -44
LOAD COMB 5 COMBINATION
1 1.0 3 1.0 4 1.0 2 1.0
PERFORM ANALYSIS
FINISH
As per IS 3370,Part 2,2009,Annex-B

Design Surface crack width

w= 3acrem
1+ 2(acr-Cmin)
D-x
w = Design surface crack width
acr = Distance from the point considered to the surface of nearest longitudinal ba
em = Average strain at the level where the cracking is being considered
Cmin = Minimum cover to the tensile steel
D = Overall depth of member
x = Depth of Neutral axis
Ec = Modulas of easticity of concre = ### N/mm²
Es = Modulas of easticity of steel = ### N/mm²
m = modular ratio = 8.00
Assume Neutral axis x = 100.66 mm
Area of Compressive forc= 5E+06 N
Area Tensile Force = 5E+06 N
(C-T) = 0N

Stress at bottom level = fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 58.16 N/mm²

Strain at the level e1 = (fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) 0.00038 mm
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = = ### m

Cracked moment of inertia = 3.46E+08 mm4

db = Diameter of longitudinal bar = 20 mm
dc = effctive cover = 62 mm
s = Minimum spacing of longitudin = 150 mm
em = e1 - e2
e2 = bt(D-x)(a'-x) = 0.0004197
3EsAs(d-x)
bt = 1000 mm
D = 500 mm
x = 100.66 mm
a' = 500 mm
Es = 200000 N/mm2
As = 2094.40 mm2
d = 403 mm
acr
Sqrt[(R/4)²+e
= c
²]-dia/2 = 215.79 mm

ec =
 cmin+dia/2
72 mm

R =b-2*cmin-dia
R 856 mm

CRACK WIDTH = 3*acr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)}=

### < ### OK
nearest longitudinal bar
ng considered
 Summary of shear force and Moments in different Members of Syphon Bo

Hogging Sagging Sagging

Moment in moment in Hogging Sagging Hoggin Moment
top Member top slab of moment in Moment g in wall
(Kn-m) box Bottom at moment (Kn-m)
(Kn-m) member bottom in wall
(Kn-m) member (Kn-m)
50 34 43 (Kn-m)
45 27 0

2.4 Material Constants

As per IS 3370,Part 2,2009
Concrete Grade = M 25 Steel Grade=Fe500
s cbc = 8.5 MPa
s co = 6 MPa
s st = 180 MPa
k = 0.321 j = 0.893
m = 10
R = 1.217

Check for Effective Depth for top slab

d required = 34.00 x 1000000

1.22 x 1000
d Provided = 403 mm Safe

Computation of top Reinforcement for top slab

As required = 50.00 x
180 x 0.89

Minimum Reinforcement = 1750 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c

Computation of bottom Reinforcement for top slab

As required = 34.00 x
180 x 0.89

Minimum Reinforcement = 1750 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c (As )=

Check for Effective Depth for bottom slab

 d required = 45.00 x 1000000

1.22 x 1000

d Provided = 403 mm Safe

Computation of bottom Reinforcement for bottom slab

As required = 43.00 x
180 x 0.89

Minimum Reinforcement = 1750 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c

Computation of top Reinforcement for bottom slab

As required = 45.00 x
180 x 0.89

Minimum Reinforcement = 1750 mm2

Provide 20 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c
Wall Minimum Reinforcement
Minimum Ratio of vertical reinforcement to gross concrete area =
Gross concrete area =
Vertical Reinforcement in one side =
Provide 20 mm dia Tor bars @ 150 mm c/c (As = )
mbers of Syphon Box

= 167.1 <

1000000 = 771.79 mm2

x 403

(As = ) 2094.4 mm 2
as top steel

1000000 = 524.82 mm^2

x 403

m c/c (As )= 2094.4 mm 2

as bottom steel
 = 192.3 <

1000000 = 663.74 mm2

x 403

(As = ) 2094.4 mm 2
as bottom steel

1000000 = 694.61 mm2

x 403

(As = ) 2094.4 mm 2
as top steel

0.0012
500000 mm2
300 mm2

2094.4 mm 2
as wall steel