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UNIT - 3

LISTENING

ELEMENTS AND LEVELS OF LISTENING

There are four elements of good listening:

 Attention—the focused perception of both visual and verbal stimuli

 Hearing—the physiological act of 'opening the gates to your ears'
 Understanding—assigning meaning to the messages received
 Remembering—the storing of meaningful information

TYPES OF LISTENING

Here are six types of listening, starting with basic discrimination of sounds and ending in deep
communication.

o Discriminative listening
o Comprehension listening
o Critical listening
o Biased listening
o Evaluative listening
o Appreciative listening
o Sympathetic listening
o Empathetic listening
o Therapeutic listening
o Dialogic listening
o False listening
o Initial listening
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o Selective listening
o Partial listening
o Full listening
o Deep listening

BARRIER OF LISTENING

 You find the communicator attractive

 You are not interested in the topic
 Identifying rather than empathizing
 Sympathizing rather than empathizing
 You have preconceived ideas or bias You make judgments,
 thinking,
 Previous experiences
 Preoccupation
 Having a Closed Mind

SPEAKING

Definition

Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and

receiving and processing information (Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997).

TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

When it comes to being a public speaker, the type of speech to give depends on what you’re
trying to accomplish. The different types of public speaking are:

 Speaking to Inform (informative, argumentative speech)

 Speaking to Persuade, Motivate, or Take Action (persuasive, argumentative,
controversial, policy speeches)
 Speaking to Entertain (funny, special occasion speeches)
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The 3 Basic Types of Public Speaking

1. To Inform
2. To persuade, Motivate, or Take Action
3. To Entertain

PLANNING

A plan is a blueprint for action. If specifies:

 resource allocations
 Schedules
 Actions necessary for attaining goals
A goal is desired future state that an organization attempts to realize.
Planning is the act of determining the organization’s goals and the means for achieving them.
It includes the selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programmes from among
alternatives

TARGET AUDIENCE

A target audience is the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or

other message. In marketing and advertising, it is a particular group of consumers within the
predetermined target market, identified as the targets or recipients for a particular
advertisement or message.

PERSUASION

Process aimed at changing a person's (or a group's) attitude or behavior toward some
event, idea, object, or other person(s), by using written or spoken words to convey information,
feelings, or reasoning, or a combination of them.

INTERVIEW

An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. In
common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation with one person
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acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee.

TYPES OF INTERVIEWS

Every employer has a preferred style of obtaining the information they need for their
hiring decision. These are some basic types of interview styles you may encounter. Some
employers may choose to utilize a combination of different styles, but as long as you've
prepared well for your interview, you'll be able to adapt to the situation they present.

 Structured Interview

 Unstructured Interview

 Stress Interview

 Behavioral Interview

 Problem Solving or Case Interview

 Panel Interview

20 Tips for Great Job Interviews

1. Research the industry and company.

2. Clarify your "selling points" and the reasons you want the job.
3. Anticipate the interviewer's concerns and reservations.
4. Prepare for common interview questions.
5. Line up your questions for the interviewer.
6. Practice, practice, practice.
7. Score a success in the first five minutes.
8. Get on the same side as the interviewer.
9. Be assertive and take responsibility for the interview.
10. Be ready to handle illegal and inappropriate questions.
11. Make your selling points clear.
12. Think positive.
13. Close on a positive note
14. Bring a copy of your resume to every interview.
15. Don't worry about sounding "canned".
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16. Make the most of the "Tell me about yourself" question.
17. Speak the right body language.
18. Be ready for "behavior-based" interviews".
19. Send thank-you notes.
20. Don't give up!