Tutorial 11a PlyFailure

Tutorial 11a:: Composites,
Composites
Modelling ply failure
Stephanie Miot
Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Southill Barn, Southill Business Park, Cornbury Park, Charlbury, Oxfordshire, OX7 3EW
T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk
1. Introduction
In this tutorial, you will modify a structural model of a wing panel to define the
material properties including the ply failure parameters. You will then perform a
static analysis and visualize the simulation of the damage propagation with
Abaqus/Viewer.
When you complete this tutorial, you

y will be able to:
- Define the material properties of a composite ply
- Define the coefficients of Hashin’s failure criteria
- Define a damage propagation model
- Use the visualization module to create ply stack plots and contour plots on
different plies
Preliminaries
The wing model is composed of:

- a cover
• Dimensions: 19.5
19 m x 5 m, 6 mm thick
• Lay-up: (452, -452, 902, 02, 902, 02)S
• Material: UD carbon / epoxy T300/M18
Figure 1: Geometry of the cover

T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk 2
- short stiffeners (SRO1)
• Dimensions: 0.2 m x 0.14 m, 1.6 m long, 4 mm thick
• Lay-up: (03, 90, -452, 452)S
Figure 2: Geometry of the stiffener SRO1
- long stiffeners (SRO2)

• Dimensions: 0.2 m x 0.2 m, 4.75 m long, 4 mm thick
• Lay-up: (03, -45,
45, 90, 45, 03, -452, 03, 452)S
Figure 3: Geometry of the stiffener SRO2

2. Setting up the model
Open the model Tutorial11a.cae.
Tutorial11a
This file contains the geometry,
geometry the lay-up definition and the mesh of the different
components, the assembly, the boundary conditions and the loading.
loading The units
are: m and Pa.
In this tutorial, you will modify the material properties of the skin to include the
Hashin’s failure criteria and the progressive damage models.
models. You will then run a
static analysis and use the visualization module to post-process
process the results of the
simulation.
3. Material and section properties

1. Define the mechanical behaviour of the UD ply with the following material
properties:
Elasticity coefficients:
- E1 = 170 GPa - G12 = 4.8 GPa
- E2 = 9 GPa - G13 = 4.8 GPa
- ν12 = 0.34 - G23 = 4.5 GPa
Hashin’s failure criteria coefficients:

- XT = 2050 MPa - YC = 190 MPa
- XC = 1200 MPa - SL = 81 MPa
- YT = 62 MPa - ST = 81 MPa
Fracture toughness:
- Long. tensile fracture energy: Gftc = 45 kJ/m²
- Long. compressive fracture energy: Gfcc = 45 kJ/m²
- Trans. tensile fracture energy: Gmtc = 0.6 kJ/m²
- Trans. compressive fracture energy: Gmcc = 0.6 kJ/m²

a. Go into the Property Module and click the Material Manager icon
b. In the Material Manager dialog box, select the material T300/M18.

T300/M18 Click
Copy... Name the new material T300/M18_HSN.
c. Select the material T300/M18_HSN

T300/M18 and click Edit...
d. In the Edit Material dialog box, from

rom the material editor’s menu bar, select
Mechanical → Damage for Fiber-Reinforced
Fiber Reinforced Composites → Hashin
Damage. Enter the material data as defined above.

e. Click Suboptions and select Damage Evolution.
f. In the Suboption Editor dialog box, enter the parameters as defined above.
Click OK.
g. Click Suboptions and select Damage Stabilization. Specify the value of the
viscosity coefficient for each failure mode: 1e-3.
1e
h. Click OK to exit the Suboption Editor. Then OK to complete the modification

of the material definition.

i. Click the Composite Layup Manager icon.
j. In the Composite Layup Manager dialog box, select Cover lay-up.

lay Click
Edit...
k. Modify the material selection. Click Material and select T300/M18_HSN

T300/M18 for all
plies. Click OK.

2. Define the maximum degradation and element removal option.
a. Go into the Mesh Module and click the Assign Element Type icon
b. In the Element Type dialog box, select Family: Continuum Shell.

Shell In the Hex
tab, select Element deletion: Yes and accept the default selection for Max
Degradation (Dmax = 1).
1)

4. Static analysis and post-processing
post
1. Create new output requests. The preselected default output does not include
the damage variables. To visualize the damage evolution in each ply in the
Visualization module, you will write additional field output to the
he output database
file.
a. Go into the Step Module.

Module Click the Create Field Output icon
b. In the Create Field dialog box, click Continue...
c. In the Edit Field Output Request dialog box, select Domain: Set:
Cover-1.Cover_allnodes
Cover_allnodes. Then select Frequency: Evenly spaced time
intervals and set Interval: 20.
d. In the Output Variables list, expand the Failure/Fracture list and toggle on
the variables DAMAGEFT,
DAMAGEFT DAMAGEFC, DAMAGEMT, DAMAGEMC,
DAMAGE
HSNFTCRT, HSNFCCRT
CRT, HSNMTCRT, and HSNMCCRT. Then expand the
State/Field/User/Time list and toggle on the variable STATUS.
e. Specify the output at layered section

s points: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Click OK.

2. Run the job.
a. Go into the Job Module.

Module Click the Job Manager icon.
b. In the Job Manager dialog box, click Create... Name the new Job: Wing02
and click Continue...
c. In the Edit Job dialog box, open the tab: Parallelization.. Toggle On Use
multiple processors and set the number of processors at 4.. Accept the other
default selections and click OK.
d. In the Job Manager dialog box, click Submit.

3. Analyse the results of the simulation.
a. When the job submission has been completed, in the Job Manager dialog
box, click Results or open Wing02.odb in the Visualization Module.
Module
b. Click the Create Display Group icon or click Tools → Display

Displa Group →
Create...
c. In the Create Display Group dialog box, select Part instances: COVER-1.
Click the Replace icon then click Dismiss.
d. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon
e. Click the Field Output Dialog icon or click Result → Field Output.
Output
f. In the Field Output dialog box, in the Primary Variable tab, select the
Output Variable: HSNFTCRT.
HSNFTCRT Click Apply then click Section Points..
g. In the Section Points dialog box, click Selection method: Plies and select
the ply Cover - ply 0 - 1.
1 Click Apply.
You can then visualise the fibre failure prediction in the 0° ply.

h. In the Field Output dialog box, select the Output Variable: DAMAGEFT to
visualise the fibre failure propagation. In the Section Points dialog box, click
Selection method: Plies and select the ply Cover - ply 0 - 1.. Click Apply.
i. In the Field Output dialog box, select the Output Variable: DAMAGEMT
DAMAGE to
visualise the matrix failure propagation. In the Section Points dialog box,
select the ply Cover - ply 90 - 1. You can observe the propagation of the
matrix damage.

j. Click Tools → XY Data → Create. In the Create XY Data dialog box, select
ODB field output.. Click Continue...
k. In the XY Data from ODB Field Output dialog box, in the Variables tab,
select Position: Unique Nodal.
Nodal In the variables list, expand RF: Reaction
force and toggle on Magnitude,
Magnitude then expand U: Spatial displacement and
toggle on Magnitude.. In the Elements/Nodes tab, select Method: Node
sets: LOAD. Click Save.
Save. A warning message is displayed. Click OK. Then
click Dismiss.

l. Click Tools → XY Data → Create. In the Create XY Data dialog box, select
Operate on XY data.. Click Continue...
m. Click Clear Expression.

Expression In the Operators column, click combine(X,X).
combine(X
Double click U:Magnitude...
Magnitude..., add “,” then double click RF:Magnitude...
Magnitude.... Click
Plot Expression.


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Tutorial 11a PlyFailure

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Tutorial 11a:: Composites,

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

When you complete this tutorial, you

The wing model is composed of:

Figure 1: Geometry of the cover

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Figure 2: Geometry of the stiffener SRO1

- long stiffeners (SRO2)

Figure 3: Geometry of the stiffener SRO2

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3. Material and section properties

Hashin’s failure criteria coefficients:

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b. In the Material Manager dialog box, select the material T300/M18.

c. Select the material T300/M18_HSN

d. In the Edit Material dialog box, from

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h. Click OK to exit the Suboption Editor. Then OK to complete the modification

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j. In the Composite Layup Manager dialog box, select Cover lay-up.

k. Modify the material selection. Click Material and select T300/M18_HSN

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b. In the Element Type dialog box, select Family: Continuum Shell.

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a. Go into the Step Module.

b. In the Create Field dialog box, click Continue...

e. Specify the output at layered section

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a. Go into the Job Module.

d. In the Job Manager dialog box, click Submit.

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b. Click the Create Display Group icon or click Tools → Display

d. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon

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m. Click Clear Expression.

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