STATION SURGE ARRESTERS

• switching surges (frequently a consideration Continuous System Voltage

in transmission systems of 345 kV
and aboye, and for capacitor banks and
cable applications).
The arrester selected must have aufficient
capability to meet the anticipated service reguire-
ments in all categories.
Arresters in service 'are s contintJally exposed to
system operating voltage: For . 'éach arrester
rating, there is .recommended limit to the
magnitude of voltage which may be continuously
applied. This has been termed the "maximum
continuous operating voltage" (MCOV), of the ar-

TABLE 2
(1) (2)
(MCOV)
MAXIMUM
CONTINUOUS
OPE

5.0 kA

160
200
2131.
232 240
269
5 ,•285 295
170 309 320
198 360 373 394
203. 457 353 382 404 448
212 477 369 399 422 468
226 509 394 426 4 499
22 289 604, 467 505 592
240, „„ 233 635 491 531 562 623
3b4 683 528 551 604 641 670 755
214. 311 699 540 564 618 655 685 773
1 4 730 565 589 646 685 716 808
288 23 340 762 589 615 674 715 747 843
294 238 347 778 602 628 688 730 763 860
,100 243 354 795 615 641 .703 745 779 879
,41.4,, I . 253 36.8 826 639 667 731 775 810 914
1318 n• ..3 272 396 890 688 718 787 835 872 984
.-).ON. ‘. ' 292 424 953 737 769 843 894 934 1054

6
rester. The MCOV of each TRANQUELL XE ar-
rester is contained in Table 2, Column 2. These
values meet or exceed those values contained in
the referenced standard.
The arrester rating must be selected such that
the maximum continuous power system voltage
applied to the arrester is less than, or equal to, the
arrester's continuous voltage capability. Atten-
Temporary Overvoltages
Temporary overvoltages (TOV) can be caused by
a number of system events such as line-to-ground
faults, circuit backfeeding, load rejection, fer-
roresonance, and others. The system configura-
tion and operating practices should be reviewed
to identify the most probable forms of temporary

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tion must be given to both the circuit connection
(single phase, wye or delta) and the arrester con-
nection (line-to-ground, line-to-line). In most
cases, the arrester is connected line-to-ground
and therefore must withstand line-to-ground
system operating voltage. If an arrester is to be
connected line-to-line, phase-to-phase voltage
must be considered. In addition, attention should
be given to an arrester application on the delta
tertiary winding of a transformer where one corner
of the delta is permanently grounded. In such cir-
cuits, the normal voltage continuously applied to
the arrester will be the full phase-to-phase
voltage even though the arresters are connected
line-to-ground.
overvoltages which may occur at the arrester
location. The arrester temporary overvoltage
capability must meet or exceed the expected tem-
porary overvoltages. Table 2, Column 3, defines
the one-second temporary overvoltage capability
of each TRANQUELL XE arrester.
If detailed transient system studies or calcula-
tions are not available, ít is traditional to consider
as a minimum, the overvoltages due to single line-
to-ground faults. The arrester application stan-
dard ANSI C62.2 gives some guidance in deter-
mining the magnitude of single line-to-ground
fault overvoltages. These overvoltages depend on
details of system grounding.
The primary effect of temporary overvoltages

7
 STATION SURGE ARRESTERS

on metal oxide arresters is increased current these conditions is less than permitted for an ar-
and • Rower dissipation, and a rising arrester rester with no initial energy. Lightning energies
temperature. Curves óf recommended temporary can be neglected when applying the temporary
overvoltage capabilities for all TRANQUELL XE overvoltage curves because the energy content of
station arresters are shown in Figure 1 in per unit- -a single lightning discharge reaching the arrester
of .the -arresters i- one-second temporary ovbrf in a shielded station is low.
voltage capability. These. • curves define the dura- In applications involving voltages of distorted
.tion and magnitude of temporary overvoltages Waveshapes, a conservative approach is to divide
that may be applied tddhe arrester before the ` "the crest of the actual system voltage by 1.414
rester voltage must bereduded to the arresters' and use it as if it were rms in conjunctíon with the
tinuous operating voltage capability. These temporary overvoltage curves.
'rtapábilities have been defined independent of As an exercise in using Figure 1, suppose it is
', 'system impedance and are- therefore valid for desired to determine the rmagnitude of temporary
, -voltages applied at location. overvoltage a 258-kV rated arrester can withstand
-Tttp permislible durationá are a function of. the for a 0.5-second period (with no initial energy).
- energy•that 'may have been discharged in the ar- Referring to Figure 1, the arrester can op'erate at
restet just prior to the, temporary overvoltage 1.014 per unit of its one-second temporary over-
period. Any ipitin4 energy, most likely due to a voltage capability or 1.014 x 304 kV = 308 .kV rms.
discharge associated with a switching surge, witl This transiates into
raise the teriiíSerature' pf the metal oxide vale
elements. Th initial 'arrester energy can be 308kV rms - 1.55 p.u.
estirrieted frorn Figures 2 through 7 for arresters 345/3
connected to''ovérheac) tra4inission lines as on a 345-kV base. If the temporary overvoltage
described in theiyottowintítsection on SWITCHINd cannot be cleared before the arrester capability is
SyRGES. Thd. pemissible TOV applied under exceeded, a faster means to clear the source of

8
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