2016 IEEE 5th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics

A DC-DC Boost Converter with High Voltage Gain

for Distributed Generation
Cheng-I Chen and Zhen-Ting Shao Yeong-Chin Chen
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
National Central University Asia University
Taoyuan, Taiwan Taichung, Taiwan
hq7296@yahoo.com.tw ycchenster@gmail.com

Abstract—In this paper, an improved non-isolated DC-DC II. DESING OF PROPOSED DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER
boost converter is proposed, which can be used in the distributed
generation or storage system in the smart grid. The proposed
In order to reduce the input current ripple and enhance the
circuit is composed of three insulated gate bipolar transistor voltage gain, the two-stage DC-DC boost converter is designed
(IGBT) power switches and separated into two stages. With the in this paper, where a switched inductor booster is integrated
complementary single-sided multiple pulse width modulation with the improved low current ripple converter, as shown in
(MPWM) operation of power switches in the first stage, the input Fig. 2. The two switches in the first stage are operated
current ripple of DC-DC converter can be effectively reduced. complementarily and the switch in the second stage is operated
And the switched inductor in the second stage can provide high with an independent rectangular pulse, as depicted in Fig. 3.
voltage gain for the applications of distributed generation. The + VL1 - + VL4 -
performance of proposed converter can be verified with PSIM
L1
simulation software. + VL2 -
D1 + D4 L4 D7
+ VC2 D5
- + VL3 -
Keywords—DC-DC boost converter; high voltage gain; VIN
L2 S2 S1 C2 S3 +
- C4 +
distributed generation L3 D6 VC4
+ ROUT VOUT
D2 + -
C1 VC1 -
- VC3 C3
I. INTRODUCTION D3 - Stage 2
Stage 1
In recent years, the distributed generation has widely used
in the smart gird to reduce the power loss in the conventional Fig. 2. Proposed DC-DC boost converter with low current ripple and high
voltage gain.
central generation. This would promote the application of wind,
solar photovoltaic (PV), and fuel cell sources. However, these
sources usually operated at low output voltage levels. Once the
distributed generation is connected to the power grid, the large S1
t
voltage boosting is required, as shown in Fig. 1[1]. In general,
the conventional DC-DC boost converter needs to operate with
S2
large duty cycle to provide high voltage gain. In this way, the t
large voltage would appear across the power switches. In
addition, the losses in the parasitic effect of passive
components would increase and make the voltage gain unable S3 t
to achieve the prospective design. The large input current t0 t1 t2 t3

ripple of DC-DC converter would also deteriorate the life of Fig. 3. Switching signals for the proposed DC-DC boost converter.
battery in the stage system.
In mode I (t0~t1), the following relationship can be obtained.
VL1 = VIN − VC1 (1)
40 Vdc
PV DC-DC VL 2 = VIN (2)
Power
Boost Inverter
400 Vdc 230 Vac Grid VL3 + VL 4 = VC1 + VC 3 − VC 4 (3)
Converter
Storage System And in mode II (t1~t2), it is found that
Fig. 1. Block diagram of PV and storage system in the smart grid. VL1 = VIN (4)
To solve the above-mentioned problems, an improved non- VL 2 = VIN − VC1 (5)
isolated DC-DC boost converter is proposed in this paper. The
main design of proposal is focused on the enhancement of the VL3 = VL 4 = VC 2 + VC 3 (6)
voltage gain and power conversion rate, reduction of input Finally, the operation in mode III (t2~t3) would lead to
current ripple and duty cycle of power switch.
VL1 = VIN (7)

978-1-5090-2333-2/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

 2016 IEEE 5th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics

VL 2 = VIN − VC1 (8) performed with PSIM software. For the all testing converters,
the input and output voltages are set to be 40 V and 200 V,
VL3 + VL 4 = VC1 + VC 3 − VC 4 (9)
respectively. The output power is 200 W in the experiment.
According to the volt-second balance principle of inductors The testing results are shown in Table I and Fig. 4. It is found
L1 to L4, the following equations can be obtained, where D1 that the proposed DC-DC converter can provide high power
and D2 are the duty ratios of switches S1 and S3. conversion rate, low input current ripple, and relatively low
duty ratio.
VC1 1
= (10) TABLE I. OPERATION CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT DC-DC BOOST CONVERTERS
VIN D1
VC 2 Power
1 Switching
= (11) Frequency
Duty Ratio Conversion
VIN 1 − D1 Rate
Switched Inductor DC-DC
VC 3 1 Converter [2] 20 kHz 70% 88%
= (12) Non-isolated Single Switch
100 kHz 74% 88%
VIN D1 DC-DC Converter [3]
Single-Input Multiple-Output
100 kHz 80% 88%
VC 4 1 + D2 DC-DC Converter [4]
= (13) DC-DC Double Boost
100 kHz 60% 84%
VC 2 + VC 3 1 − D2 Quadratic Converter [5]
Proposed Complementary
Single-Sided MPWM Boost 20 kHz 40%/60%/15% 92%
Finally, the voltage gain can be obtained, as shown in (14). Converter

Input Current (A)

VOUT 1 + D2
= (14)
VIN D1(1 − D1)(1 − D2 ) Switched Inductor
DC-DC Converter [2]
t(sec)

In general, the single pulse width modulation is applied to the Non-isolated Single
operation of switches in the DC-DC converter. And the input Switch DC-DC
Converter [3]
current ripple can be effectively reduced by the complementary Single-Input
t(sec)

PWM operation in the first stage. But the energizing inductors Multiple-Output DC-
DC Converter [4]
in this circuit need to match the duty cycle of power switches. t(sec)

Once the mismatch is present, the input current ripple would be DC-DC Double
Boost Quadratic
increased. To resolve this problem, the complementary single- Converter [5]
sided MPWM is applied, as displayed in Fig. 3. Proposed Complementary
t(sec)

Single-Sided MPWM
Boost Converter
t(sec)

Fig. 4. Input current of different DC-DC boost converters.

IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, an improved DC-DC boost converter is
proposed to provide high voltage gain for the distributed
generation. Through the complementary single-sided MPWM,
the input current ripple can be effectively reduced. Besides, the
duty ratio of power switches and power conversion rate can be
maintained in an acceptable range.
(a)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to acknowledge the financial support
by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan,
Republic of China, under Grants MOST 104-2628-E-008 -004-
MY3 and MOST 104-2221-E-008-121-MY2 for this work.

(b)
Fig. 3. Input current ripples with (a) single PWM and (b) complementary
single-sided MPWM when the mismatch between the energizing inductors and
duty cycle of power switches is present.
From the simulation results, it is found that the single-sided
MPWM can effectively reduce the input current ripple (the red
line on the top of waveform).
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
To realize the performance of proposed complementary
single-sided MPWM boost converter, the simulation is
REFERENCES
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