Reviewer answers

1. Field
2. SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) was introduced in May 1972 by the
University of Berkeley, California. It is a program used in integrated circuit and board-level design
to check the integrity of circuit designs and to predict circuit behavior.
3. Alan Turing
4. Video Home System --- JVC (Japan Victor Corporation) and Matsushita (Panasonic) developed the
VHS format to compete with Sony which developed the Beta format as the first home video
cassette recorder. VHS originally stood for Vertical Helical Scan, but now means Video Home
System.
5. 1983
6. Programmable Logic Controller --- Used in manufacturing, engineering, and process operations.
7. System file
8. Phil Zimmermann created the first version of PGP encryption in 1991. Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
is a data encryption and decryption computer program that provides cryptographic privacy and
authentication for data communication.
9. Sabeer Bhatia
10. 1972 --- (Shiva Ayyadurai, the "inventor of email")
11. "lo" --- Charley Kline attempts to transmit the text “login” to a computer at the Stanford Research
Institute over the first link on the ARPANET, which was the precursor to the modern Internet.
12. Konrad Zuse
13. Santa Clara, California
14. RF is radio frequency. IF is intermediate frequency used inside the TV for processing. AF is audio
frequency. SAP is second audio program which may have another language or other soundtrack
as an option to the main soundtrack.
15. The visible screen
16. 1940s --- On December 23, 1947, William Shockley, Walter Brattain and John Bardeen, of Bell
Labs, announced their discovery of the point-contact germanium transistor to management.
17. ENIAC
18. Novell (based in Provo, UT) created NetWare which is still one of the most used PC networking
systems in the world.
19. August 12, 1981
20. 1990 in Geneva, Switzerland
21. 1990 Symantec launches Norton AntiVirus, one of the first anti-virus programs developed by a
large company
22. Bell Laboratories
23. Twenty-five times --- The Internet is growing faster than you think!
24. 1983 Fred Cohen, while working on his dissertation, formally defines a computer virus as 'a
computer program that can affect other computer programs by modifying them in such a way as
to include a (possibly evolved)copy of itself.'
25. The 386DX chip was the first to offer a possible 32- or 64-bit access to data.
26. Reduced Instruction Set Computer - a type of microprocessor that relies on simple
instructions which can be used to build more complicated ones.
27. Internet Control Message Protocol --- ICMP Packets are used to send control
messages including errors.
28. Fluorescent Multi-Layer Disc --- A new type of disc developed by Constellation 3D
Inc. These discs can hold up to to 140 GB of data.
29. Secure Socket Layer --- A protocol developed by Netscape to allow secure
connections over the net.
30. A NIC is a Network Interface Card. Usually a card that is plugged into a computer's
expansion slot.