1.

EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
In 2016-2017, a journalist was killed every four days. One witness silenced every four days. The
total number of victims reached 182, with killings taking place in every region. These deaths shine
a light on the extreme risks that can be faced by the individuals in this profession.

Some of these fatal attacks occurred in countries

previously unaffected by such extreme acts of vio-
lence against journalists. However, not all regions In 2016-2017,
were affected to the same degree. In 2017, the a journalist was killed
largest number of killings took place in the Asia
and the Pacific region (34% of all killings), while in every four days.
2016, the largest number of killings occurred in the
Arab States (31%).

An increase in the number of journalists killed outside of armed conflict zones can be noted in
the last few years, with a majority of journalists (55%) in 2017 killed in countries not experiencing
armed conflict. Many of these journalists were reporting on topics related to corruption, traffick-
ing, and political wrongdoing. In line with observations of previous years, local journalists remain
the vast majority among victims.

A rise in the percentage of women journalists among those killed in 2017 (14%) marks the contin-
uation of a trend that has become apparent over the last years. However, while the proportion of
women among fatalities has risen, a clear majority of killed journalists are men.

Impunity for these crimes remains a key challenge. Out of the 1010 killings recorded by UNESCO in
the last 12 years, only 115 were followed by a judicial procedure that led to the conviction of one
or multiple perpetrators. This means that 89% of cases remain unresolved. Impunity for crimes
against journalists emboldens attackers and leads to self-censorship in the profession and among
the public.

The overall effect is to impede progress towards “public access to information and fundamental
freedoms” which is an agreed target for the world in Sustainable Development Goal 16.10.

This report focuses on the killing of journalists, the ultimate form of censorship. But it is just the tip
of an iceberg of attacks against journalists, which range from non-lethal physical attacks, kidnap-
ping, illegal detention, threats, harassment offline and online, to retaliations on family members.

Increasing the safety of journalists worldwide and combating impunity for crimes committed
against them requires a concerted effort of all stakeholders.

For more information, please visit UNESCO’s new, interactive

observatory of killed journalists:
https://en.unesco.org/themes/safety-journalists/observatory

1
2. JOURNALISTS’
KILLINGS IN
2016 AND 2017:
KEY FINDINGS
In 2016 and 2017, UNESCO recorded 182 kill-
ings of journalists worldwide. In 2016, 102 kill-
ings were recorded, while 2017 showed a de-
crease with the number of fatalities falling to
80, the lowest number since 2011. Overall, the
number of killings in 2016-2017 is lower than
that in the previous two-year period, when 213
killings were recorded. However, this trend
does not appear to be confirmed in 2018, with
80 killings already condemned by the Direc-
tor-General of UNESCO as of 09 October 2018.

FIGURE 1:

NUMBER OF JOURNALISTS
Figure 1: Number of journalists killed worldwide in 2006-2017
KILLED WORLDWIDE IN
2006-2017 124
116

98 102
90
84
77 80
66 65 62

46

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

2
2.1 MOST DANGEROUS REGIONS
FIGURE 2: FIGURE 3:

NUMBER OF JOURNALISTS NUMBER OF JOURNALISTS

KILLED BY REGION IN 2017
Figure 2: Number of journalists killed by KILLED
region BY REGION IN 2016
in 2016-2017

2016

2017
32 Arab states

27 Asia and the Pacific

28 Latin America
and the Caribbean

22 Latin America
and the Caribbean

27 Asia and the Pacific

18 Arab states

6 Africa 7 Africa
Western Europe Western Europe
5 and North America 6 and North America
2 Central and Eastern Europe 2 Central and Eastern Europe

Total: 80 Total: 102

In 2017, the largest number of fatal attacks (27
killings) took place in the Asia and the Pacific
region, representing 34% of the total, followed
by Latin America and the Caribbean with 28%
of killings (22 killings). In the Arab States re-
gion, UNESCO documented 18 killings, repre-
senting 22% of killings of journalists registered
worldwide.
In 2016, the same three regions recorded the
highest numbers of killings; however the high-
est number of fatalities, namely 31% of the
cases documented by UNESCO, was then re-
corded in the Arab States (32 killings). The sec-
ond deadliest region in 2016 was Latin Ameri-
ca and the Caribbean with 27% of the total (28
killings) followed by the Asia and the Pacific re-
gion with 27 killings.

In both years, less than 10% of overall killings took place in Africa, Western Europe and North
America, and Central and Eastern Europe, respectively.

3
 THE COUNTRIES WHERE THE COUNTRIES WHERE
KILLINGS OCCURED IN KILLINGS OCCURED IN
2017 WERE: 2016 WERE:

Mexico 13 Afghanistan 13

Afghanistan 11 Mexico 13

Iraq 8 Yemen 11

Syrian Arab Republic 7 Iraq 9

India 5 Syrian Arab Republic 8

Pakistan 4 Guatemala 7

the Philippines 4 Brazil 5

Honduras 3 India 5

Somalia 3 Pakistan 4

Turkey 3 Libya 3

Yemen 3 Somalia 3

Dominican Republic 2 Turkey 3

Nigeria 2 Bangladesh 2

Russian Federation 2 Finland 2

Bangladesh 1 the Philippines 2

Brazil 1 Burkina Faso 1

Colombia 1 Democratic 1
Republic of Congo
Denmark 1
El Salvador 1
Guatemala 1
Guinea 1
Maldives 1
Honduras 1
Malta 1
Jordan 1
Myanmar 1
Myanmar 1
Peru 1
Peru 1
South Sudan 1
Serbia 1

South Sudan 1

Ukraine 1

the United States 1

of America

In 2016 and 2017, the two countries with the highest number of fatalities were Afghanistan and
Mexico. In 2017, 13 journalists were killed in Mexico and 11 lost their lives in Afghanistan, while in
2016, both countries each suffered the loss of 13 journalists.

4
2.2 RISE IN NUMBER OF WOMEN JOURNALISTS
AMONG FATALITIES
A trend already noticeable Apart from killings, women Among them, around 40 per-
in previous years, namely journalists are also affected cent said they avoided report-
the rising number of wom- by gender-specific safety risks ing certain stories as a conse-
en journalists among killed such as sexual harassment, quence of online harassment.
media personnel, has con- sexual violence and threats of Fifty-eight percent of the
tinued. In 2017, UNESCO re- violence. Recent studies have women journalists surveyed
corded the highest number shown that women journal- stated that they already been
of killed women journalists ists are particularly affected threatened or harassed in
(11 victims) since the IPDC by online harassment.1 person, while 26% indicated
started reporting on killings that they had been physically
of journalists in 2006. In 2016, In a report published in 2018 attacked. 2
there were 10 female victims by Trollbusters and the In-
compared to five in 2012. The ternational Women’s Media Harassment against women
percentage of women among Foundation, a survey conduct- journalists often takes the
the fatalities represented 14% ed among 597 women jour- form of personal attacks,
in 2017, compared to 10% in nalists and media workers re- which tend not to focus on
2016 and 4% in 2012. vealed that nearly two out of the content of the journalist’s
three respondents stated that article or broadcast, but rath-
Killings of women journalists they had been threatened or er on the woman’s charac-
occurred in 2016-2017 in all harassed online at least once. ter or body parts, and in the
regions with the exception of more extreme cases include
Central and Eastern Europe. threats of sexual violence.3

FIGURE 4:

NUMBER OF KILLED WOMEN

JOURNALISTS WORLDWIDE 2006-2017
record high:
12 11 victims

10

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1
For more information, please see studies by the International Federation of Journalists (2017), the International Women’s Media Foundation (2018), Reporters
without Borders (2018) and Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe (2016) (among others).
2
See ‘Attacks and Harassment: The Impact on Female Journalists and Their Reporting’, Trollbusters and the International Women’s Media Foundation, 2018.
‘Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists’, Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe, 2016.
5
3
 Men continue to represent an FIGURE 5:
overwhelming majority (86%
in 2017) of victims of fatal at-
PERCENTAGE OF MEN
Figure 4: Percentage ANDand
of men WOMEN
women
tacks against journalists. The AMONG JOURNALISTS
among journalists KILLED
killed in 2017 IN 2017
percentage of female journal-
ists killed is significantly lower Women Men
than women’s overall repre-
sentation among journalists.
This may be due to the fact
that fewer women journalists
are working in dangerous ar-
eas and, at least in some re-
gions, covering sensitive top-
ics such as political corruption
or organized crime. Recent
research has suggested that
prevailing stereotypes can
14 % 86
sometimes prevent women
journalists from being sent
on assignments in in high-risk
areas, which might contribute
to this gap.4

4
Elaborated in the UNESCO Report on World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development, page 154.

2.3 HIGHEST NUMBER

OF KILLINGS AMONG
TV JOURNALISTS
Like in the preceding two-
year period, TV journalists
constituted the largest group
among the victims. In 2017,
almost half of the killed jour-
nalists (45%) were working
in television outlets while in
2016, those working in this
sector represented 34% of all
victims. Among the TV jour-
nalists killed in 2016-2017, the
majority were killed in coun-
tries currently experiencing
conflict (55 out of 71 killed TV
journalists).
19 TV journalists were killed
in Afghanistan, 15 were killed
in Iraq, six died in Syria and
eight in Yemen. TV journal-
ists, camera operators and
support staff such as driv-
ers and technicians regularly
work from the frontlines and
are therefore under high risk
of being killed in crossfire or
being targeted directly by par-
ties to the conflict.

6
2.4 MAJORITY 2.5 FREELANCE AND
OF VICTIMS ARE STAFF JOURNALISTS
LOCAL JOURNALISTS In 2017, 21% of all killed journalists were free-
A long-standing trend has been that local jour-
nalists covering local stories constitute by far
the greatest number of victims. Attacks against
international reporters tend to receive greater
coverage in the media, but statistics show that
in 2016-2017 less than one in 10 of the jour-
nalists killed was an international reporter. In
2017, local journalists represented 90% of all
killed journalists and in 2016, 94%. Of the 14
foreign victims in 2016-2017, half were killed in
countries experiencing conflict.
LESS THAN
lancers. In 2016, this percentage was slightly
lower, of 17%. Over the two-year period, 34
out of 182 journalists killed were freelancers,
accounting for 19% of all fatalities -- the same
percentage as in the previous two-year period.
Compared to media staff, freelance journal-
ists are widely considered more vulnerable
since they often lack adequate protection and
support from the media organization(s) with
which they are working. Freelance journalists
frequently work alone and have more limit-
ed access to security training, insurance and
equipment.

1 10 IN

JOURNALISTS KILLED
WAS INTERNATIONAL

Figure 6: Journalists killed by media type in 2016-2017

FIGURE 6: 2017 2016

JOURNALISTS
KILLED BY MEDIA
TYPE IN 2016-2017
45% TV 34% TV

21% Print 23% Radio

19% Cross
platform
23% Print

9% Radio 13% Online

6% Online 7% Crossplatform

7
2.6 MORE KILLINGS OCCURING IN COUNTRIES
WITH NO ARMED CONFLICT

Since 2014, UNESCO has ob- FIGURE 7:

served a steady increase in
the proportion of killings of
PERCENTAGE OF JOURNALISTS WHO
journalists in countries not WERE KILLED IN COUNTRIES CURRENTLY
currently experiencing armed EXPERIENCING ARMED CONFLICT
conflict, and in 2017 for the
VS COUNTRIES NOT CURRENTLY
first time in recent years,
more journalists (55%) were EXPERIENCING ARMED CONFLICT
killed in these countries than IN 2016-2017
in countries experiencing
No Armed Conflict Armed Conflict
armed conflict. In 2016, the
proportion of journalists that 2017 2016
were killed in countries expe-
riencing armed conflict and
in countries not experiencing
armed conflict was the same
45
(50%).5
55 % 50 % 50

This trend may possibly be FIGURE 8:

explained by the absence of
new armed conflicts around
the world and the decrease
in the number of journalists
reporting from long-running
conflict areas.
PERCENTAGE OF JOURNALISTS WHO
WERE KILLED IN COUNTRIES CURRENTLY
EXPERIENCING ARMED CONFLICT
VS COUNTRIES NOT CURRENTLY
EXPERIENCING ARMED
Figure 10: Percentage of journalists CONFLICT
killed in countries currently experiencing
IN 2014-2017
armed conflict vs countries not currently experiencing armed conflict in 2006-2017

No Armed Conflict Armed Conflict

%
70
66%
60
55%

50

40
45%
30
34%

20
5
This takes in into account countries covered by
the 13th and 14th reports of the Secretary-Gen-
eral on the protection of civilians in armed con- 10
flict. The countries are: Afghanistan, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Libya, Myanmar,
Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Syrian Arab Re- 0
public, Ukraine, Yemen (reports presented to the
2014 2015 2016 2017
UN Security Council in May 2017 and May 2018).

8
3. MEMBER STATES’
RESPONSES:
STATUS OF
THE JUDICIAL
ENQUIRIES
ON CASES OF
JOURNALISTS
KILLED FROM
2006 TO END 2017

9
 Every year, the Director-Gen- In 2018, UNESCO sent a re- The request concerned 893
eral of UNESCO requests quest for information to the out of the 1010 killings that
from Member States informa- 56 Member States in which UNESCO recorded between
tion on the judicial proceed- UNESCO has recorded killings 2006 and 2017. The remain-
ings undertaken in relation to of journalists between 2006 ing cases are those that UN-
each killing of a journalist that and 2017, and for which UNE- ESCO had already categorized
has been registered by the SCO records showed no infor- as “resolved” or “archived”,
Organization. mation that the judicial cases based on the information
had been resolved. submitted by Member States
in previous years.

OVERVIEW OF RESPONSES
Figure 10b: Overview RECEIVED
of responses received FROMStates
from Member MEMBER
to the STATES
TO THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL’S
Director-General’s request in 2018 REQUEST IN 2018 7 6

Afghanistan Kenya
Angola Kyrgyzstan
Bahrain Libya
Bangladesh Mali
Brazil Malta
Burkina Faso Mexico
Burundi Mozambique
Cambodia Myanmar
Central Africa Republic Nepal
Colombia Nigeria
Congo, Republic Pakistan8*
Democratic Republic of Congo Palestine
Denmark Paraguay
Dominican Republic Peru
Ecuador Philippines
Egypt Russian Federation
El Salvador Somalia
Eritrea South Sudan
Georgia Sri Lanka
Greece Syria
Guatemala Tanzania
Guinea Thailand
Guyana, Republic of Turkey
Haiti Uganda
Honduras Ukraine
India United States of America
Indonesia Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Iraq Yemen

Response received Acknowledgement

6
The letters sent out in 2017 concerned cases of killings of journalists that occurred in 8
Pakistan did not submit information on specific cases of killings
2006-2016, while the 2018 letters concerned killings that took place in 2006-2017. of journalist, but did submit detailed information on concrete
7
This report analyzes responses that were received at the latest on 14 September 2018. measures targeted at improving safety of journalists and combat-
10 ting impunity.
3.1 DECREASE IN MEMBER STATE RESPONSE
RATE TO DIRECTOR-GENERAL’S REQUEST
Out of the 56 Member States While in the last four years Overall, since UNESCO/IP-
contacted in 2018 by UNESCO the response rate by affect- DC’s reporting mechanism
with a request to receive an ed Member States had been on the safety of journalists
update on the status of judi- steadily increasing, from 27% was launched in 2008, out of
cial enquiries on the killings in 2014 to a peak of 74% in the 72 Member States that
of journalists, 36 provided a 2017, 2018 was marked by were contacted at least once
reply. Among these, 30 pro- a drop in the response rate, by UNESCO on cases that
vided information on judicial with only 64% of Member occurred between 2006 and
procedures following killings States providing a reply. 2017, six Member States have
of journalists in the country. never responded.9
Six Member States acknowl-
edged receipt of the Direc-
tor-General’s request and
FIGURE 9:
indicated that information
would be sought from the PERCENTAGE OF MEMBER STATES
capital concerned. THAT
Figure 11: Percentage of Member RESPONDED
States TO
that responded THE
to the DIRECTOR-
Director-General’s
request in 2013-2018 GENERAL’S REQUEST IN 2013-2018

%
80
74%
70 65% 64%
60

50 47%

40

30
30% 27%

20

10

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

9
These countries are: Central African Republic, Guyana, Libya, Mali, South Sudan, and Yemen.

11
3.2 SLIGHT REDUCTION IN IMPUNITY RATE, BUT
89% OF CASES REMAIN UNRESOLVED
Cumulatively, since UNES- In 54% of all cases, Member Based on the information re-
CO’s reporting mechanism States reported that a judi- ceived from Member States,
on the safety of journalists cial procedure was either still the highest rate of resolution
was launched, the Organiza- underway or that the case of cases of killings of journal-
tion has received information was archived or unresolved. ists is in Western Europe and
from Member States on 657 For the remaining 35% of all North America, with 56% of
of the 1010 cases condemned cases, representing 353 jour- cases (or 14 of 25 cases) re-
by the Director-General be- nalists’ killings, the affected ported as resolved. In Central
tween 2006 and 2017. Among Member States have never and Eastern Europe, the res-
these, 115 cases have been provided information on the olution rate is of 43%, with
judicially resolved according judicial follow-up. 17 of 40 cases reported as
to the information provided resolved. These two regions
by the national authorities of with the lowest impunity rate
FIGURE 11:
the country, representing an are also those in which the
overall resolution rate of 11%. STATUS OF least killings of journalists
JUDICIAL ENQUIRY have been recorded.
11

FIGURE 10: INTO KILLINGS

OF JOURNALISTS
PERCENTAGE OF
2006-2017
CASES RESOLVED
OUT OF ALL CASES No information
received
Case
resolved
Ongoing/
Unresolved
CONDEMNED BY
THE DG
2006-2017 11
Resolved cases Unresolved /

%
no information
54
35
11

%
89

11
If one considers only those cases for which UNESCO received information, the resolution rate amounts to 18%.

12
 The highest rate of impunity appears to be in the Arab States region, which also records the top
number of killings worldwide, with only 1,5% of cases reported as resolved. This high rate may be
linked to the fact that many of the killings in this region occurred in conflict situations, making it
more difficult to identify the perpetrators and to complete a judicial enquiry.

TABLE 1:

STATUS OF JUDICIAL ENQUIRY PER REGION 2006-2017

Region Case resolved Ongoing/ No information Total cases

Unresolved received so far
Arab States 5 139 194 338

Asia and the Pacific 22 140 102 264

Latin America and the Caribbean 41 163 22 226

Africa 16 66 35 117

Central and Eastern Europe 17 23 0 40

Western Europe and North America 14 11 0 25

Total 115 542 353 1010

3.3 MEMBER STATES REPORTING ON

MEASURES TO PROMOTE SAFETY OF
JOURNALISTS AND TO COMBAT IMPUNITY

Since 2017, UNESCO includes in its letters to Member States an MONITORING

invitation to report on “actions taken by [the] country to pro-
mote the safety of journalists and to combat impunity, as a way
CRIMES AGAINST
to share good practices”, and “highlighting the specific risks JOURNALISTS
faced by women journalists in the exercise of their work”.

Afghanistan, Brazil, Guate-

In 2018, 15 Member States included in their reply information
mala, Pakistan informed of
on concrete actions taken to improve safety of journalists.
the setting up of monitoring
mechanisms to track attacks
Member States reported a wide range of steps taken to monitor,
against journalists.
prevent, protect against, and prosecute crimes against journal-
ists:12
Guatemala informed of the
establishment of an entity to
analyse attacks against jour-
nalists in order to develop
guidelines for a more effec-
tive prevention of future at-
tacks.
12
Please note that the following section includes only examples of measures taken by Member States and
does not include the full account given by each Member State. For those Member States that have agreed
to make their response public, more details on these measures can be found here: https://en.unesco.org/
themes/safety-journalists/observatory
13
 PREVENTION OF PROSECUTION OF OTHER MEASURES
CRIMES AGAINST CRIMES AGAINST REPORTED BY
JOURNALISTS JOURNALISTS MEMBER STATES
Guatemala also reported the Honduras, Mexico and Paki- Responses from a number
establishment of an emer- stan reported the establish- of Member States reflected a
gency call line for journalists ment of special investigation recognition that the complex-
and human rights defenders and/or prosecution mecha- ity of the issue of journalists’
under threat. nisms dedicated to ensuring safety requires a holistic, co-
prosecution of crimes against ordinated response with the
Brazil, Honduras, Pakistan journalists. involvement of a range of ac-
notified UNESCO of special tors.13
programmes, policies or pro- Guatemala reported on the
tocols for the protection of implementation of train-
journalists and/or human ing modules for judges and
rights defenders. magistrates on freedom of
expression and the safety of
Kyrgyzstan and the United journalists (in cooperation
States of America mentioned with UNESCO).
ADDRESSING
awareness-raising campaigns SAFETY OF
on the safety of journalists. Afghanistan notified on the WOMEN
establishment of a special JOURNALISTS
committee comprising secu-
PROTECTION OF rity agencies and the national A small number of Member
JOURNALISTS journalists’ federation within States reported on concrete
AGAINST ATTACKS the auspices of the Ministry of measures taken to address
Information to assess the fea- the specific risks faced by
Pakistan informed UNESCO sibility of prosecuting cases women journalists in the ex-
on providing training to secu- of violence against journalists ercise of their work, including
rity guards of media houses Afghanistan. the development of a dedi-
and appointing focal points cated policy for dealing with
on safety of journalists in dif- Malta informed of a €1 mil- gender equality issues in the
ferent police departments. lion reward offered by the media (Danish Union of Jour-
Government for information nalists) and specific safety
Afghanistan reported provid- leading to the capture of the training sessions for women
ing support through national perpetrator(s) of the killing of journalists (Kenya).
security forces. investigative journalist Daph-
ne Caruana Galizia.
Denmark, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan,
Nigeria and the United States
of America reported safety
trainings for journalists.

13
Please find a more comprehensive account of measures reported by Member States in the full report of the UNESCO Director-General on the Safety of
Journalists: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002658/265828e.pdf

14
4.BACKGROUND
UNESCO is the lead organization within the UN system that deals with press freedom and the safety of jour-
nalists. The 2018 UNESCO Director-General’s report on the Safety of Journalists was prepared for submission
to the Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication
(IPDC). The report is prepared every two years in line with the Decision on the Safety of Journalists and the
issue of Impunity adopted by the Council at its 26th session in 2008, and renewed at subsequent sessions in
2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In its latest Decision, adopted in November 2016, the IPDC Council urged Mem-
ber States to “continue to inform the Director-General of UNESCO, on a voluntary basis, on the status of the
judicial inquiries conducted on each of the killings condemned by the Director-General”.

The report provides an analysis of the cases of killings of journalists and associated media personnel which
were condemned by the Director-General in 2016 and 2017. It also takes stock of the status of judicial enqui-
ries conducted on each of the killings recorded by UNESCO between 2006 and 2017, based on information
provided by Member States.

The data in this report contributes to:

• UNESCO’s awareness-raising on the International
Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists
on 2 November;
• The Organization’s contribution to the Universal
Periodic Review;
• Global monitoring on SDG 16.10 on “public ac-
cess to information and fundamental freedoms”
via the UN approved indicator 16.10.1: “Number
of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced
disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture
of journalists, associated media personnel, trade
unionists and human rights advocates in the pre-
vious 12 months.”

UNESCO plays a leading role in coordinating the implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of
Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (hereafter referred to as UN Plan of Action), which was endorsed in 2012
by the UN Chief Executives Board.14

The Plan is designed as a multi-stakeholder effort to coordinate responses aimed at the prevention of, pro-
tection against, and prosecution for attacks against journalists. Its implementing actors include UN agencies,
national governmental authorities, regional organizations, human rights bodies, UN country teams, media
representatives, national and international NGOs, and academia. The implementation of the Plan revolves
around six main pillars: standard setting and policy making, awareness-raising, monitoring and reporting,
capacity building, academic research and coalition building.

In 2017, UNESCO, together with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, organized a
multi-stakeholder consultation to review ways of strengthening the implementation of the UN Plan of Action.

The Outcome Document from this consultation highlights the need to translate international norms into
national policies and practices. It also signals the need to create stronger synergies between the relevant UN
agencies; to strengthen mechanisms at the national level that deal with prevention of, protection against and
prosecution for crimes against journalists; and to address specific risks faced by women journalists, including
online.15

Importantly, it encourages Member States to report on the safety of journalists, including within the frame-
work of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), UN human rights bodies and UNESCO’s monitoring of
judicial follow-up to killings.

14
The UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity can be accessed in all official UN languages here:
https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/un-plan-on-safety-journalists_en.pdf
15
Consultation Outcome Document, 16 August 2017.
15
Abdallah Al Karkaai (aka Abdelsalam Al Kahla), Abdel Hakim Al-Nour, Abdel Karim al-Rubai, Abdel Majid Al-Samawi, Abdelkarim Al-Oqda (Abdelkareem Al’uqda), Abdelqadir Fassouk, Abdel-Rahman Al-Issawi, Abdi Jaylani
Malaq, Abdiaziz Mohamed Ali, Abdihared Osman Adan, Abdirahman Mohamed Ali, Abdirahman Yasin Ali, Abdirisak Ali Abdi, Abdirisak Warsameh Mohamed, Abdisalam Sheikh Hassan, Abdisatar Daher Sabriye, Abdost
Rind, Abdul Ghani Kaakeh , Abdul Hakim Shimul , Abdul Hameed Hayatan, Abdul Karim Mohammed al-Khaiwani , Abdul Khaliq (Abdul Haq Baloch), Abdul Qadir Hajizai, Abdul Qodus, Abdul Rahman Hamid al-Din , Abdul
Razaq Gul (Razzaq Gul), Abdul Razzak Johra , Abdul Samad Rohani, Abdul Wahab , Abdulkadir Mahad Moallim Kaskey, Abdulkarim Al-Jerbani, Abdulkhafar Abdulkadir (aka Yasser Mario), Abdullah Alishaev, Abdullah
Hassan Kaake, Abdullah Kabil, Abdullah Mohammad Ghannam, Abdullahi Ali Hussein, Abdullahi Osman Moallim, Abdul-Rahim Nasrallah al-Shimari, Abdus Samad Chishti Mujahid, Abed Khalil (Abdel Khalil), Abed Shaker
al Demaimi, Abel Manuel Bautista Raymundo, Abshir Ali Gabre, Abu Eish (Mohamed Abu Aisha), "Abukar Hassan Mohamoud, ", Abullah Azizan, Adam Juma Adam, Adan Benítez, Adel al-Badri, Adel Mohseen Hussein , Adel
Najee al-Mansouri, Adnan Khairallah, Adonis Felipe Bueso Gutiérrez, Adrián Silva Moreno, Aftab Alam , Ageel Abdul-Qader, Agustin Pavia Pavia, Ahed Zaqout, Ahmad Abdel Gawad, Ahmad Mohamed al-Mousa, Ahmad
Omed Khpalwak, Ahmad Sha’ban, Ahmad Shahid, Ahmed Abdollah Fakhriyeh, Ahmed Abdulahi Farah, Ahmed Addow Anshur, Ahmed Adnan al-Ashlaq, Ahmed al-Assam, Ahmed Ali Joiya, Ahmed Al-Shaibani, Ahmed Assem
el-Senousy, Ahmed Farah Ilyas, Ahmed Hamada, Ahmed Hasan Ahmed, Ahmed Hassan Mahad, "Ahmed Ismael Hassan AlSamadi, ", Ahmed Kadhem, Ahmed Mohammed Mahmoud, Ahmed Salim, Ahmed Sharif Ahmed,
Ahmet Haceroğlu, Aidan Abdallah Al-Jamiji, Ajuricaba Monassa de Paula, Akhilesh Pratap Singh , Akhmednabi Akhmednabiyev, Akshay Singh, Alaa Abdel-Wehab, Alaa Al-Din Hassan Al-Douri, Alaa Edwar, Alaa Hassan,
Alaa Kraym, Alaa Uldeen Aziz, Albert Orsolino, Alberto Graves Chakussanga , Alberto Lazaro Del Valle, Alberto López Bello, Aldion Layao, Alef Ali Falih, Alejandro Reblando, Alejandro Xenón Fonseca Estrada, Alexander
Klimchuk, Alfredo Antonio Hurtado Nunez, Alfredo Villatoro, Ali Ahmed Abdi, Ali Al-Ansari, Ali Ghani, Ali Hassan Al-Jaber, Ali Iman Sharmarke, Ali Jaafar, Ali Jabber, Ali Khalil, Ali Mahmud, Ali Moustafa, Ali Nur Siad-Ahmed,
Ali Resan, "Ali Shaaban, ", Ali Shehda Abu Afash , Alisher Saipov, Almigdad Mojalli , Al-Moutaz Bellah Ibrahim, Altaf Chandio , Álvaro Alfredo Aceituno López, Alwan al-Ghorabi, Amado Ramirez, Amanullah Haqiar, Amin
Yehia, AmiriI Abdollatif, Ammar al-Shami, Ammar Mohamed Suhail Zado, Amon Thembo Wa'Mupaghasya , Ana María Yarce Viveros, Anabel Flores Salazar, Ananta Bijoy Das, Anas al-Tarsha, Anastasia Baburova, Anatoli
Klian, Ando Ratovonirina, Andrea Rocchelli , Andrei Mironov , Andrei Stenin, Andres Teodoro, Angel Castillo Corona, Aníbal Barrow, Anja Niedringhaus, Anna Politkovskaya, Anne Vihavainen, Anton Voloshin, Antonia
Maribel Almada Chamorro, Antonio Gamboa Urias , Aqil Mohammad Waqar, Aran Narayan Dekate, Aresio Padrigao, Argemiro Cárdenas Agudelo, Arkan Sharifi, Armando Pace, Armando Rodríguez, Armando Saldaña
Morales , Arshad Ali Jaffari , Arturo Betia , Arun Singhaniya, Ashiq Ali Mangi, Ashok Sodhi, Ashraf Arian, Assaf Abu Rahal , Aswan Lutfallah, Atilano Roman Tirado, Atilano Segundo Pérez Barrios, Atwar Bahjat, Aurangzeb
Tunio, Aurelio Cabrera Campos, Auro Ida, Avijit Roy, Awab Al-Zubairi, Ayham Mostafa Ghazzoul, Ayub Khan Khattak, Azad Muhammad Hussein, Aziz Navin, Azzedine Qusad, Bakhtyar Haddad , Baksheesh Elahi, Bapuwa
Mwamba, Barkhad Awale Adan, Basel Faraj, Bashar al-Nuaimi, Bashir Nor Gedi, Bassel al-Shahade, Bassel Khartabil Safadi, Bassel Tawfiq Youssef, Bastian George Sagayathas (Suresh), Bataluna Rubello, Batoul Mokhles
al-Warrar, Bayo Ohu, Bellal Hossain Dafadar, Benjie Adolfo , Bernard Maris, Bernard Verlhac (Tignous), Bienvenido Legarte , Birendra Shah, Bobi Tsankov, Bonifacio Loreto Jr, Brad Will, Bruno Ossébi, Butrus Martin Khamis,
Camille Lepage , Cándido Ríos Vázquez , Carlos Alberto Orellana Chávez, Carlos Artaza, Carlos Hilario Mejía Orellana , Carlos José Orellana, Carlos Ortega Melo Samper, Carlos Oveniel Lara Domínguez , Carlos William
Flores, Carsten Thomassen, Cecilio Pineda Birto, Cevdet Kılıçlar, Chaitali Santra, "Chandrika Rai , ", Chris Hondros, Christian Poveda, Christian Struwe , Christophe Nkezabahizi, Christopher Allen , Christopher Guarin ,
Christopher Iban Lozada, Cihan Hayirsevener, Claude Verlon, Cláudio Moleiro de Souza, Cosme Diez Maestrado, Crispin Perez, Dalia Marko, Danilo López, "Daphne , Caruana Galizia , ", Daud Ali Omar, Daudi Mwangosi, David
Enrique Meza Montesinos, David Gilkey , David Niño de Guzmán , Dawit Habtemichael, Décio Sá, Desidario Camangyan, Devi Prasad Dhital, Dharmendra Singh, Dhi Abdul-Razak al-Dibo, Dickson Ssentongo, Didace
Namujimbo, Diego Salomón Esteban Gaspar, Dilshan Ibash, Djalma Santos da Conceição, Dmitry Chebotayev, Dmitry Popkov , Donny Buchelli Cueva, Dorance Herrera, Dyar Abas Ahmed, Eddie Jesus Apostol, Edgar Daniel
Esqueda Castro, Edgar Pantaleón Fernández Fleitas, Edgar Quintero, Edilson Dias Lopes, Édison Alberto Molina, Eduardo Carvalho, Edwin Rivera Paz, Efigenia Vásquez Astudillo, Ejazul Haq, El Hadj Mohamed Diallo, Elidio
Ramos Zárate, Elisabeth Blanche Olofio, Eliseo Bárron Hernández, Elsa Cayat, Elvis Ordaniza, Enenche Akogwu, Enrique Perea Quintanilla, Erick Martinez Avila, Ernesto Maravilla , Ernesto Montañez Valdivia, Ernesto Rollin,
Esteban Rodriguez, Eugene Dohillo, Evany José Metzker, Evaristo Pacheco Solis, Fabián Ramírez López, Fabio Polenghi, Facély Camara, Fadel Al-Hadidi, Fadel Shanaa, Fadhila Abdelkarim, Fadia Mohammed Abid, Faisal
Arefin Dipan, Faisal Qureshi, Faiz Mohammad Khan Sasoli, Falah Khalaf Al Diyali, Famous Giobaro , Fares Hammadi , Farhad Taqaddosi, Farhan James Abdulle, Farida Mustakhdim , Fausto Elio Hernández Arteaga, Fausto
Gabriel Alcaraz , Fausto Valdiviezo Moscoso, Fayez Abu Halawa, Federico Salazar , Felicitas Martínez Sánchez, Felipe David Munguía Jiménez, Fernando "Nanding" Solijon, Fernando “Dong” Batul, Fernando Lintuan,
Fernando Raymondi Uribe , Fernando Razon, Ferzat Jarban, Fessehaye Yohannes, Filadelfo Sánchez Sarmiento, Filaih Wadi Mijthab, Filiberto Álvarez Landeros , Firas al-Baher (also known as Firas Al-Bahri), Firas
Mohammed Attiyah, Flor Alba Núñez Vargas , Francis Nyaruri, Francisco Gomes de Medeiros, Francisco Pacheco Beltrán, Gabriel Fino Noriega, Gabriel Huge, Gadzhi Abashilov, Gauri Lankesh, Gennady Pavlyuk, Geolino
Lopes Xavier, Georges Wolinski, Gerardo Ceferino Servían Coronel, Gerardo Nieto Alvarez, Gerardo Ortega, Ghani Naghdi, Ghazi Al-Obeidi, Ghazwan Anas , Ghias Khaled Al Hmouria, Ghislaine Dupont, Ghulam Rasool
Birhamani, Gilles Jacquier, Gina de la Cruz, Gleydson Carvalho , Godofredo Linao, Godwin Agbroko, Graciano Aquino, Gregorio Jiménez de la Cruz, Gregorio Ybanez, Grigol Chikhladze, Guido Armando Giovanni Villatoro
Ramos, Guillermo Alcaraz Trejo, Guillermo Luna Varela, Guillermo Quiroz Delgado, Gumaro Pérez Aguilando, Gustavo Rojas Gabalo, Guylain Chanjabo, Habiba Ahmed Abd Elaziz , Hadi al-Mahdi, Hadi Anawi al-Joubouri,
Hadzhimurad Kamalov, Hafeez Ur Rehman , Haidar al-Sumudi , Haidar Hashem Al-Husseini, Haider Hashim Souheil, Haji Abdul Razzaq Baloch , Haji Mohammad Zubair Khaksar, Hala Barakat, Halim Alouh, Hamed Abd
Farhan, Hamid al-Duleimi, Hamid Shihab , Hamilton Hernández Vásquez, Hamza Al-Hajj Hassan, Hang Serei Oudom, Hannibal Cachuela , Harb Hazaa al-Dulaimi , Harold Humberto Rivas Quevedo, Haroon Khan, Hashem
Al Hamran , Hassan al-Anbaki, Hassan Kafi Hared, "Hassan Osman Abdi , ", Hassan Yusuf Absuge , Hassan Zubeyr Haji Hassan, Hawker Faisal Mohammed, Hayatullah Khan, Hazzam Mohamed Zeid, Héctor Jonathan
Rodríguez, Hem Chandra Pandey , Hemant Yadav, Henry Araneta, Herliyanto, Hernán Choquepata Ordoñez, Hernán Cruz Barnica , Hilal al-Ahmadi, Hindiya Haji Mohamed, Hiroyuki Muramoto, Hisham Mijawet Hamdan,
Hossam Salameh, Hozan Abdel Halim Mahmoud, Hrant Dink, Hugo Alfredo Olivera Cartas , Humam Najjar (also known as Abu Yazan al-Halabi), Humberto Millán Salazar, Hussain Nazari, Hussein al Jaburi, Hussein Ali,
Ian Subang, Ibrahim Abdel Qader , Ibrahim Omar, Igor Kornelyuk, Igor Padilla, Ihab Mu`d, Ikechukwu Onubogu, Ikechukwu Udendu, Ilya Zimin, Ilyas Nizzar, Ilyas Shurpayev, Imad Abdul-Razzaq al-Obeidi, Imran Shaikh, Isaac
Vuni, Isaiah Diing Abraham Chan Awol, Isaivizhi Chempiyan, Ismail Amin Ali, Israel Gonçalves Silva, Israel Zelaya Diaz, Israr, Issa Ngumba, Italo Eduardo Diniz Barros, Ivo Pukanic, Jacinto Hernández Torres, Jacobo
Montoya Ramirez, Jagajit Saikia, Jagendra Singh, Jaime Arturo Overa Bravo, Jaime Gonzalez Dominguez, Jaime Napoleón Jarquín Duarte, Jairo de Oliveira Silva, Jalla Al-Abadi, Jamal Abdel Nasser, Jamal Ahmed
al-Sharabi, Jamal al-Zubaidi, Jamal Khalifeh, Jamal Uddin, James Brolan, James Foley, Jamim Shah, Janullah Hasimzada, Jaruek Rangcharoen, Jasim Nofaan, Jassem Hamad Ibrahim, Javed Ahmed Mir, Javier Arturo
Valdez Cárdenas, Jawad al-Daami, Jawan Mohammed Qatna, Jawed Ahmad, Jean Cabut (Cabu), Jean Paul Ibarra Ram'irez, Jean-Léonard Rugambage, Jean-Rémy Badio, Jeroen Oerlemans, Jesús Adrián Rodríguez
Samaniego, Jesús Flores Rojas, Jhoy Duhay, João Miranda do Carmo, João Valdecir de Borba, Joaquin Briones, Joas Dignos , Joel Aquiles Torres, Joel Parcon, John Caniban , John Kituyi, Jojo Trajano, Jomaa Al-Ahmad
Abu Nour, Jorge Alberto Orellana, Jorge Ochoa Martinez, Jorge Torres Palacios, José Agustín Silvestre, José Bayardo Mairena , José Bernardo, Jose Carlos Fernández , José Darío Arenas, José Emilio Galindo Robles, José
Everardo Aguilar, José Feliciano Yactayo Rodríguez , José Givonaldo Vieira, José Lacerda da Silva, José Luis León Desiderio, José Luis Romero, José Naudin Gomez, José Noel Canales Lagos, José Oquendo Reyes, José
Roberto Ornelas, Joselito Agustin, Joseph Hernandez Ochoa, Juan Carlos Argeñal Medina , Juan Carlos Cruz Andara, Juan Francisco Rodríguez Ríos , Juan Mendoza Delgado, Julio Castillo Narváez, Jyotirmoy Dey,
Kamiran Salaheddin, Kamlesh Jain, Kamran Najm Ibrahim, Karen Fischer, Karim Fakhrawi, Karun Misra, Katri Ikävalko, Kawa Ahmed Germyani, Kazbek Gekkiyev, Kenji Goto, Kenji Nagai, Kennedy Germain Mumbere
Muliwavyo , Khaled Abdel Thamer, Khaled Al Sobhi (aka Khalid Alhmil), Khaled Al-Bakir, Khaled Alkhateb, Khaled al-Washli, Khaled al-Zintani, Khaled Mahmoud Kabbisho, Khaled Mohsen, Khaled Reyadh Hamad, Khalid
al Issa, Khalid Ali Hamada, Khalid Hassan, Khalid Khan, Khudr Younis al-Obaidi, Khurram Zaki , Kim Wall, Kishore Dave, Laith Mashaan, Larry Que, Lasantha Wickrematunga, Lawrence Fahmy al-Naimi, Layal Nagib, Le
Hoang Hung, Lea Dalmacio , Leïla Alaoui , Leiron Kogoya, Leo Diaz, Leónidas Martínez, Leyla Yildizhin (aka Deniz Firat), Libaan Abdullahi Farah , Liban Ali Nur, Lindo Lupogan , Louaï Souleimane, Lucas Mebrouk Dolega,
Luciano Leitão Pedrosa, Luciano Rivera Salgado, Luis Alberto Lemus, Luis Antonio Chévez Hernández, Luis Arturo Mondragón Morazán, Luis Carlos Cervantes , Luis Carlos Peralta Cuéllar , Luis Carlos Santiago Orozco,
Luis Choy Yin Sandoval, Luis de Jesús Lima, Luis Eduardo Gómez, Luís Gustavo da Silva , Luis Manuel Medina, Luiz Carlos Barbon Filho, Luka Popov, Lukasz Masiak , Luke Somers, Luma Mohammad Reyad, Luz Marina
Paz Villalobos, Mafaldo Bezerra Goes, Magomedvagif Sultanmagomedov, Magomet Yevloev, Mahad Ahmed Elmi, Mahad Ali Mohamed, Mahad Salad Adan, Mahmoud Al-Komi , Mahmoud Za’al, Mahmud Hassib Al-Kassab,
Mahran al-Deeri, Majed Al Rabi’i (also known as Majid Al Rabi'i), Majid Dirani, Malik Akhmedilov, Malik Mumtaz, Manoel Messias Pereira, Manuel de Jesus Murillo Varela, Manuel Salvador Villagrán Trujillo, Manuel Santiago
Torres González, Marcel Lubala, Marcelino Vázquez, Marco Antonio Ávila García, Marco Antonio Estrada, Marco Aurelio Martínez Tijerina, Marcos Adrián Gutiérrez Andrade, Marcos de Barros Leopoldo Guerra, Marcos
Hernández Bautista , María del Rosario Fuentes Rubio , María Elizabeth Macías, María Elvira Hernández Galeana, Mariam Ibrahimi, Marie Colvin, Marife "Neneng" Montaño, Mario Jorge Ricardo Chávez, "Mario Randolfo
Marques Lopes, ", Mario Roberto Salazar Barahona, Mario Rolando López Sánchez, Mario Sy, Marites Cablitas , Mark Gilbert Arriola , Marlina 'Len' Flores-Sumera, Marlon David Martínez Caballero, Martin Adler, Martin
Roxas, Mattewos Habteab, Mauricio Campos Rosa, Maurito Lim, Maximino Rodríguez Palacios, Maya Nasser , Mayada Ashraf, Mazen Mardan al-Baghdadi, "Mazhar Tayyara, ", Medardo Flores Hernandez, Meftah Bouzid ,
Mehmood Jan Afridi, Mehmood Khan, Mehri Azizi, Mehrun Runi, Michael Deane , Michael Diaz Milo, Michael Tshele , Michelle Lang, Miguel Angel López Velasco, Mika Yamamoto, Mikhail Beketov, Milton Fabián Sánchez,
Miroslava Breach Velducea , Misael López Velasco, Misael Tamayo Hernández, Misri Khan Orakzai , Mithilesh Pandey, Moatasem Billah Werfali, Mohamed Abazied, Mohamed Abdel Hamid, Mohamed Abdikarim Moallim
Adam, Mohamed Ahmad Al-Khatib, Mohamed al-Asfar, Mohamed Al-Massalma , Mohamed Amin Adan Abdulle, Mohamed Daher, Mohamed Hamdo Hallaq, Mohamed Ibrahim Gabow, Mohamed Ibrahim Rageh , Mohamed
Jalal (Egyptian), Mohamed Mohamud , Mohamed Mohamud Tuuryare , Mohamed Muntich, Mohamed Nofaan, Mohamed Omar Mohamed aka Amaar, Mohammad Abbas Mohammad, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi,
Mohammad Al-Zaher, Mohammad Hussain Amini, Mohammad Hussain Khaksar, Mohammad Iqbal, Mohammad Jawad Hussaini, Mohammad Matar Abdo, Mohammad Nasir Mudasir, Mohammed Abdullahi Khalif,
Mohammed al-Absi, Mohammed al-Ashram , Mohammed Ali Nuxurkey, Mohammed Al-Khalid, Mohammed al-Nabbous, Mohammed al-Qasim, Mohammed al-Yemeni, Mohammed Bdaiwi Owaid Al-Shammari , Mohammed
Ghanem, Mohammed Hilal Karji, Mohammed Ibrahim, Mohammed Karim Badrani , Mohammed Khamaf, Mohammed Nazir, Mohammed Rajah Shamsan, Mohammed Sayyed Hassan, Mohammed Taha Mohammed Ahmed,
Mohammed Thabet al-Obeidi, Mohamud Ali Keyre "Buneyste", Mohan al-Zaher, Mohsen Khazaei, Moisés Dagdug Lutzow, Moisés Sánchez Cerezo, Mollakhil Zeinolah Khan, Molou Chérif , Monir Aklan, Mosab el-Shami,
Mouaz Alomar (also known as Abu Mehdi Al Hamwi), Muazaz Ahmed, Mubarak Al-Abadi, Muftah al-Qatrani, Muhammad al-Ban, Muhammad Jan, Muhammad Khan Sasoli , Muhammad Umar , Muhieddin Abdul Hamid,
Muhsin Khudhair, Mujeebur Rehman Saddiqui, "Mukarram Khan Aatif, ", Muktar Mohamed Hirabe, Munir Ahmed Sangi, Munir al-Hakimi, Munir Shakar, Munsuf Abdallah al-Khaldi, Murtaza Razvi, Musa Mohammed Dahiyah,
Musab Mahmood al-Ezawi, Musab Mohamed Said Al-Oudaallah, Mushtaq Khand , Mustaf Abdi Noor, Mustafa Cambaz, Mustafa Kerman, Mustafa Mohammed, Mustafa Saeed, Mustapha Ourrad, Muthanna Abdul Hussein
, Muwaffak al-Ani, Nahed Hattar, Nahúm Palacios Arteaga, Naji Assaad, Naji Jerf, Namir Nour-Eldine, Nansok Sallah, Napoleon Salaysay, Naseeb Miloud Karnafa, Naseem Intriri, Nasrullah Khan Afridi, Nasteh Dahir Farah,
Naveen Gupta, Nawras al-Nuaimi , Nazimuddin Samad, Nematullah Zahir, Nerlita Ledesma, Nery Francisco Soto Torres, Nery Jeremías Orellana, Nestor Bedolido, Nestor Libaton , Ngota Ngota Germain, Nibras Razzaq,
Nicolás Humberto García, Niel Jimena, Niko Franjic, Nikolay Andrushchenko, Niloy Chakrabarti (aka Niloy Neel), Nils Horner, Nizar Al-Radhi, Noel Alexander Valladares , Noel Decina , Nolberto Herrera Rodríguez, Noor
Ahmad Noori, Noorullah, Noufel al-Shimari, Noureddine Hashim, Nur Muse Hussein, Octavio Rojas Hernández, Ogulsapar Muradova, Oles Buzina, Olivier Voisin, Omar Abdul Qader , Omar al-Dulaimy, Omar Al-Ghantawi,
Omar Rasim al-Qaysi, Orel Sambrano, Orhan Hijran, Orislandio Timóteo Araújo, Orouba Barakat, Osama Jumaa, Osama Nasr al-Zoabi, Pablo Medina Velázquez, Pablo Ruelas Barraza, Patient Chebeya Bankome, Paul
Abayomi Ogundeji, Paul Douglas, Paul Kiggundu, Paulo Machava, Paulo Roberto Cardoso Rodrigues, Pavel Sheremet, Pedro Alfonso Flores Silva, Pedro Palma, Pedro Tamayo Rosas, Pervez Khan , Peter Moi Julius,
Philippe Honoré, Pierre-Richard Alexandre, Ponciano Grande, Pow James Raeth (aka Puok James), Prahlad Goala, Pushkar Bahadur Shrestha, Qari Mohammad Shoaib, Qaydar Sulaiman, Quays al-Qadi, Raad Al Azawi ,
Raad Jaafar Hamadi, Raad Mutashar, Raad Yassin, Radwan Gharyani, Raed Al-Joubouri , Raed Qaies, Raghavendra Dube, Rahim al-Maliki, Rahmo Abdukadir, Raja Assad Hameed, Rajaratnam Ranjith, Rajdev Ranjan ,
Rajesh Mishra, Rajesh Verma , Rakesh Sharma, Rami Adel Al-Asmi , Rami al-Sayed, Rami Rayan, Randa George Adam, Rashmi Mohamed , Rasim Aliyev, "Regina Martinez, ", Rehmatullah Abid, Reinel Martinez Cerqueda,
Remi Ochlik, Renato Machado Gonçalves, Rey Merisco , Reynaldo Momay, Reynaldo Paz Meyes, Riad al-Saray, Ricardo Monlui Cabrera, Richard Kho, Ridwan Salamun, Riyad Muhammad Ali, Robert Chamwami Shalubuto,
Robert Sison, Rocío González Trápaga, Rodrigo Neto de Faria, Rogelio "Tata" Butalib, Rohat Aktas, Rolly Cañete, Romeo Jimmy Cabillo , Ronald Waddell, Ronnie Perante, Rosell Morales, Roy Bagtikan Gallego, Ruben
Espinosa, Rubylita Garcia, Rudy Alicaway, Rupert Hamer, Ruqia Hassan, Sa’ad Al-Nadhari, Saad Shammari, Sabah al-Bazee, Sadim Khan Bhadrzai , Sadiq Bacha Khan, Saed Mahdi Shalash, Saeed Karimian, Safa Isma’il
Enad, Safaa al-Khayat , Sagal Salad Osman, Sagar Sarwar, Sahar Hussein Ali al-Haydari, Sai Reddy, Said Chmagh, Said Tahlil Ahmed, Saif Fakhri, Saif Laith Yousuf, Saif Talal, Saif-ur-Rehman, Saleh Haifyana, Salem
Abdul-Rahman Khalil , Salih Saif Aldin, Salvador Adame Pardo, Salvador Olmos García, Salvador Sánchez Roque, Sameer Shalab al-Sham , Sameh Al-Aryan, Samer Khalil Al-Sataleh, Sami Nasrallah al-Shimari, Samir
Sheikh Ali, Sampath Lakmal de Silva, Sandeep Kothari , Santiago Ilídio Andrade, Santos Gatchalian , Saqib Khan, Sardar Ahmad, Sardasht Osman , Sarmad Hamdi Al-Hassani, Sattar Beheshti, Saud M’Zahim Al-Hedaithi,
Saúl Suárez Sandoval, Sayed Hamid Noori, Sayed Mehdi Hosaini, Sayid Ibragimov, Serge Maheshe, Sergii Nikolaiev, Shafiq Amrakhov, Shamil Aliyev, Shantanu Bhowmick, Shehab Mohammad al-Hiti, Shehzad Ahmed,
Sheikh Nur Mohamed Abkey, Shifa Zikri Ibrahim (aka Shifa Gardi), Shihab al-Tamimi, Shinwari Momhammad Amir Khan, Shokiba Sanga Amaaj, Shoukri Ahmed Ratib Abu Bourghoul, Sidiki Sidibé, Simone Camilli,
Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah, Socrates Giolias, Soe Moe Tun, Soleil Balanga, Soran Mama Hama, Soudad al-Douri, Souhaib Al-Hiti, Stan Storimans, Stephan Villeneuve, Stephane Charbonnier (Charb), Steven Sotloff, Suad
Hujaira, Suahaa Ahmed Radhi , Sudip Dutta Bhaumik, Suhaib Adnan, Suhaib Dib, Suhail Mahmoud Al-Ali, Suleiman Abdul-Rahim al-Ashi, Suleiman al-Chidiac, Sultan Munadi, Sun Hongjie, Suon Chan, Suresh Linbiyo, T.
Tharmalingam, Taha Hameed, Tahrir Kadhim Jawad, Taimur Abbas, Taing Try, Tamer Abdel Raouf, Taqi Al-Din Al-Huthaifi, Tariq KAMAL, Tawfiq Faraj Ben Saud, Tayeb Issa Hamouda, Teodoro Escanilla, Teresa Bautista
Merino, Thaer Alali, Thaker al-Shouwili , Thomas Pere, Tim Hetherington, Timur Kuashev, Turad Mohamed al-Zahouri, Uma Singh, Umesh Rajput, Valderlei Canuto Leandro, Valério Luiz de Oliveira, Valério Nascimento,
Vergel Bico, Véronique Robert, Victor Baez Chino , Víctor Hugo Valdez Cardona, Victor Manuel Juárez Vasquez, Victor Nunez, Vijay Pratap Singh, Vikas Ranjan, Vittorio Arrigoni, Vladimir Antuna García, Vyacheslav
Veremyi, Wael Al-Absi, Wahdan Al-Hamdani, Wai Yan Heinn, Walgney Assis Carvalho, "Walid Bledi, ", Walid Hassan, Wallop Bounsampop, Waqas Aziz Khan, Warsame Shire Awale, Wasem Aledel, Washiqur Rahman, Wedi
Itay, Widad Hussein Ali, Wilfred Iván Ojeda, Winston Leonardo Cano Túnchez, Wissam Al-Azzawi, Wissam Ali Ouda, Wisut Tangwitthayaporn, Witness-Patchelly Kambale Musonia, Xiao Guopeng, Xulhaz Mannan, "Yadav
Poudel, ", Yahya Abd Hamad, Yahya Al Khatib , Yakhya Magomedov, Yameen Rasheed, Yaqoub Sharafat, Yara Abbas, Yasser Faisal al-Joumaili, Yassin Aid Assef, Yevgeny Gerasimenko, Yolanda Ordaz de la Cruz, Yonni
Steven16 Caicedo, Younes Al Mabruk Al Nawfali (aka Younes Alsul), Yousef Alaizry, Yousef Kader Boh (aka Yousef Al Gamoudi), Youssef Mahmoud El-Dous , Yusuf Ahmed Abukar Keynan, Yves Debay, Zabihullah Tamanna
, Zaher al-Shurqat, Zainab Mirzaee, Zakaria Ibrahim, Zakariya Isa, Zakariya Rashid Hassan, Zakariye Mohamed Mohamud Moallim, Zakia Zaki, Zakir Ali (Shan Odhor ), Zaman Mehsud , Zamira Esther Bautista, Zeyard Tariq,
Zubair Ahmed Mujahid