MA 1505 Mathematics I

Tutorial 7 Solutions

1. (i) As the temperature function is only valid within the hotel room, its domain is

{(x, y) : 0 ≤ x ≤ 10, 0 ≤ y ≤ 10}.

(ii) The heater is at the location where the temperature is highest. It is clear that the largest
value of T (x, y) is 36 at (0, 5).
(iii) The level curve of 20 is x2 + (y − 5)2 = 80 which is an arc of the circle centered at (0, 5)
√
with radius 80 ≈ 8.9.
The level curve of 25 is x2 + (y − 5)2 = 55 which is an arc of the circle centered at (0, 5) with
√
radius 55 ≈ 7.4.
So the bed should be placed somewhere between the two arcs.
(iv) The level curves of c is x2 + (y − 5)2 = 5(36 − c). These are circles centered at (0, 5),
the values of c decreasing as the radius increases. The largest circle intersecting the domain
intersects the domain at (10, 0) and (10, 10), so these points have the lowest temperature
which is 11.

2. V = I × R =⇒ I = VR .
∂I 1
(i) = .
∂V R
∂I 1
If R = 15, then = ≈ 0.0667 A/V.
∂V 15
∂I V ∂I 120
(ii) = − 2 . If V = 120 and R = 20, then = − 2 = −0.3 A/Ω.
∂R R ∂R 20
(iii) By Chain rule,
dI ∂I dV ∂I dR 1 dV V dR
= + = − 2 .
dt ∂V dt ∂R dt R dt R dt
dV dR
Since R = 400, I = 0.08, V = 32, = −0.01, = 0.03, so
dt dt
dI 1 (0.08)(400)
= (−0.01) − (0.03) = −3.1 × 10−5 .
dt 400 4002

3. fx = e2y−x + xe2y−x (−1) = e2y−x (1 − x) and fy = 2xe2y−x .

So fx (−2, −1) = 3 and fy (−2, −1) = −4.
1 1
(i) u = √ i + √ j is a unit vector. Thus,
2 2
√
1 1 1 2
Du f (−2, −1) = 3 × √ − 4 × √ = − √ = − .
2 2 2 2

3 4
(ii) The unit vector in the direction of 3i + 4j is u = i + j. Thus,
5 5
3 4 7
Du f (−2, −1) = 3 × − 4 × = − .
5 5 5
 MA1505 Tutorial 7 Solutions

Let u = ai + bj be a unit vector. Then

Du f (−2, −1) = fx (−2, −1) × a + fy (−2, −1) × b

= (fx (−2, −1)i + fy (−2, −1)j) • (ai + bj)
= kfx (−2, −1)i + fy (−2, −1)jk kuk cos θ (∗)

where θ is the angle between fx (−2, −1)i + fy (−2, −1)j and u.

Since the largest value of cos θ is 1 which occurs when θ = 0, this means that the largest
possible value of Du f (−2, −1) occurs when u is in the same direction as fx (−2, −1)i +
fy (−2, −1)j = 3i − 4j.

4. fx = yz cos (xyz), fy = xz cos (xyz) and fz = xy cos (xyz).

√ √ √
1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3
So fx ( , , π) = π, fy ( , , π) = π and fz ( , , π) = .
2 3 6 2 3 4 2 3 12
1 1 1
(i) Let u = √ i − √ j + √ k.
3 3 3
Thus, the rate of change of f at P in the direction u is given by
µ ¶ √ √ µ ¶ √
1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1
Du f , ,π = π×√ + π × −√ + × √ = (1 − π).
2 3 6 3 4 3 12 3 12

(ii) The change in the value of f :

µ ¶
1 1 1
df ≈ Du f , , π × dt = (1 − π) × 0.1 ≈ −0.01785.
2 3 12

So the value of f will decrease by about 0.01785 unit.

5. (i) Let f (x, y) = ln (x2 y) − xy − 2x = 2 ln x + ln y − xy − 2x, where x > 0, y > 0.

2 1 2 1
We have fx = − y − 2 and fy = − x. Also, fxx = − 2 , fxy = −1 and fyy = − 2 . Then
x y x y
1
fy = 0 implies that x = , and substitution into fx = 0 gives 2y − y − 2 = 0, i.e. y = 2. So
y
x = 1/2. Thus, the only critical point is (1/2, 2).
Now D(1/2, 2) = (−8)(−1/4) − 12 = 1 > 0, fxx (1/2, 2) = −8 < 0 implies that f (1/2, 2) =
− ln 2 − 2 is a local maximum.

(ii) Let g(x, y) = xy(1 − x − y).

We have gx = y − 2xy − y 2 , gy = x − x2 − 2xy, gxx = −2y, gyy = −2x and gxy = 1 − 2x − 2y.
Then gx = 0 implies y = 0 or y = 1 − 2x. Substituting y = 0 into gy = 0 gives x = 0 or x = 1.
Substituting y = 1 − 2x into gy = 0 gives x = 0 or x = 1/3.
Thus the critical points are (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1) and (1/3, 1/3).
Now D(0, 0) = D(1, 0) = D(0, 1) = −1 while D(1/3, 1/3) = 1/3 and gxx (1/3, 1/3) = −2/3 <
0.
Thus (0, 0), (1, 0) and (0, 1) are saddle points, and g(1/3, 1/3) = 1/27 is a local maximum.

2
 MA1505 Tutorial 7 Solutions

(iii) Let h(x, y) = x2 + y 2 + x−2 y −2 .

We have hx = 2x − 2x−3 y −2 , hy = 2y − 2x−2 y −3 , hxx = 2 + 6x−4 y −2 , hyy = 2 + 6x−2 y −4 and
hxy = 4x−3 y −3 .
Then hx = 0 implies that 2x4 y 2 − 2 = 0 or y 2 = x−4 . Note that neither x nor y can be zero.
Now hy = 0 implies that 2x2 y 4 − 2 = 0, and with y 2 = x−4 this implies 2x−6 − 2 = 0 or
x6 = 1, that is x = ±1. If x = 1, then y = ±1. If x = −1, then y = ±1.
So the critical points are (1, 1), (1, −1), (−1, 1) and (−1, −1).
Now D(±1, ±1) = D(±1, ∓1) = 64 − 16 > 0 and hxx is always greater than zero. Thus
h(±1, ±1) = h(±1, ∓1) = 3 are local minima.
∂u ∂2u ∂u ∂u ∂v ∂u
6. Let v = , then the given condition u = implies that u = v.
∂y ∂x∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x ∂x
Therefore we have
∂v ∂u
u −v
∂x ∂x = 0,
u2
∂ v
and hence ( ) = 0. This means that uv is a function of one variable y only. Now the result
∂x u
∂u ∂(ln u)
follows by observing that uv = u1 = .
∂y ∂y