Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MEP 460
Heat Exchanger Design
April 2018
1
Bell Delaware method for heat exchangers
1-Introduction
2-Main flow streams
3-Ideal shell side heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop
4-Shell side heat transfer coefficient and correction factors
5-Shell side pressure drop and correction factors
6- Example
2
1-Intoduction
Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most commonly used
heat exchangers
Use extensively in power plants, refineries and industrial and
commercial sectors
TEMA Standards of shell and tube layouts are available
Very well known analysis methods:
Simple Kern method
Bell-Delaware method
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2- Main flow streams for shell and tube heat exchanger
4
Main flow streams for shell and tube heat exchanger
Stream A is the leakage between the baffle and tubes
Stream B is the main effective cross flow stream over tube bundle
Stream C is the bundle bypass between the tube bundle and the shell wall
Stream E is the leakage between the baffle edge and the shell wall
Stream F is the by pass stream in flow channel partition due to omissions of
tubes in tube pass partition
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Main flow streams for shell and tube heat exchanger
Stream E Stream A
By pass between the leakage between
baffle and the shell tubes and baffle
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Using sealing strip to reduce bundle-shell by pass
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3-Ideal shell side heat transfer coefficient and correction factors
The three common tube layout used in shell and tube heat
exchangers are:
1-Triangular pitch
2-Square pitch
3-Rotated square pitch
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3-Ideal shell side heat transfer coefficient and correction factors
Pitch angle 𝜃𝑝 = 30°
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3-Ideal shell side heat transfer coefficient and correction factors
Pitch angle 𝜃𝑝 = 45°
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3-Ideal shell side heat transfer coefficient and correction factors
Pitch angle 𝜃𝑝 = 90 °
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3-Ideal shell side heat transfer coefficient and correction factors
𝑎
1.33
Heat transfer coefficient 𝑗𝑖 = 𝑎1 𝑅𝑒𝑠 𝑎2
𝑃𝑇 𝑑𝑜
𝑎3
𝑎= 𝑎4
1 + 0.14 𝑅𝑒𝑠
𝑏
1.33 𝑏2
Friction coefficient 𝑓𝑖 = 𝑏1 𝑅𝑒𝑠
𝑃𝑇 𝑑𝑜
𝑏3
𝑏= 𝑏4
1 + 0.14 𝑅𝑒𝑠
0.14
𝑚 −2 3
𝜇𝑠
ℎ𝑖𝑑 = 𝑗𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑠 𝑃𝑟
𝐴𝑠 𝜇𝑠,𝑤
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Ideal heat transfer and pressure drop factors
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Shell side heat transfer coefficient
ℎ𝑜 = ℎ𝑖𝑑 𝐽𝑐 𝐽𝑙 𝐽𝑏 𝐽𝑠 𝐽𝑟
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Heat transfer correction factors
ℎ𝑜 = ℎ𝑖𝑑 𝐽𝑐 𝐽𝑙 𝐽𝑏 𝐽𝑠 𝐽𝑟
15
Shell side Reynold’s number
𝑑 𝑜 𝑚𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑠 =
𝜇 𝑠 𝐴𝑠
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐷𝑠 − 𝑁𝑇𝐶 𝑑𝑜 𝐵
𝐷𝑠
𝑁𝑇𝐶 =
𝑃𝑇
𝑑𝑜 𝑚𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑠 =
𝜇 𝑠 𝐴𝑠
Δ𝑝𝑐
Internal
Windows Δ𝑝𝑤
Entrance
Δ𝑝𝑒
Δ𝑝𝑐 = Δ𝑝𝑏𝑖 𝑁𝑏 − 1 𝑅𝑙 𝑅𝑏
0.14
𝐺𝑠2 𝜇𝑠,𝑤
Δ𝑝𝑏𝑖 = 4 𝑓𝑖
2𝜌𝑠 𝜇𝑠
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Pressure drop in the window
Pressure drop in windows Δ𝑝𝑤 = Δ𝑝𝑤𝑖 𝑁𝑏 𝑅𝑙
𝜇𝑠 𝑚s 𝑁𝑐𝑤 𝐵 𝑚s
Δ𝑝𝑤𝑖 = 26 + 2 + 𝑅𝑒𝑠 < 100
𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑤 𝜌 𝑷𝑻 − 𝑑𝑜 𝐷𝑤 𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑤 𝜌𝑠
0.8𝐿𝑐
𝑁𝑐𝑤 =
𝑃𝑝
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Parallel and normal tube pitch definition
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Pressure drop at the entrance and exit
Nc is the number of tube rows crossed in the heat exchanger (baffle tip-to-tip)
Ncw is the number of tube rows crosses in the window
Rs is the correction factor entrance and exit section having different baffle
spacing than internal section due existence of inlet and outlet nozzles
or
𝑁𝑐𝑤
Δ𝑝𝑠 = 𝑁𝑏 − 1 Δ𝑝𝑏𝑖 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑁𝑏 Δ𝑝𝑤𝑖 𝑅𝑙 + 2Δ𝑝𝑏𝑖 1 + 𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑠
𝑁𝑐
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Number of baffles
𝐿 − 𝐵𝑖 − 𝐵𝑜
𝑁𝑏 = +1
𝐵
If Bi=Bo=B then
𝐿
𝑁𝑏 = − 1
𝐵
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Example 9.4 continue
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐷𝑠 − 𝑁𝑇𝐶 𝑑𝑜 𝐵 𝐷𝑠
𝑁𝑇𝐶 =
𝑃𝑇
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Example 9.4 continue
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Example 9.4 continue
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Example 9.4 continue
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Example 9.4 continue
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Example 9.4 continue
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Example 9.4 continue
Shell side pressure drop using Kern procedure
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Example 9.4 continued
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Example 9.5 continue
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Example 9.5
continue
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Example 9.5 continue
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Example 9.5
continue
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Example 9.5 continue
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Example 9.5
continued
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