YanyanXu.

com

Grammar

1. Sentence Correction Tips

a. Step 1: Try to read the all the option carefully
b. Step 2: Remove option that changes the original meaning of
Statement.
c. Step 3: If you are able to find error in one option and that error is
repeated in other option simple erase those option , Generally we are
left with two option
d. Step 4: Try to find out which option will give you the simple
statement, Complex statement often contains error
e. Step 5: Mark the right answer
2. Such As – Example NOT LIKE
a. No commas after!
b. “We counsel clients in several communications areas, such as PR,
advertising, and word-of-mouth marketing.” (The first part of that
could stand alone as a logical sentence, thus comma before, not
standalone, no comma before)
3. Like – Similarity
4. The number of object IS… (singular)
5. A number of ARE… (plural)
6. Other numeric words such as “majority, Plurality, Minority” can be singular
or plural based on the context of the sentence. If many of the individual parts
of the totality is been referred as plural, then we use plural verb form. For
Example:
a. The majority of the students in the class ARE hard workers
b. If one means the totality itself than we use the singular forms
c. The student majority IS opposed to the death penalty
7. If I were tall…
a. Conditional futures
8. Had
YanyanXu.com

a. Past to Past
b. EARLIER Past Action —>LATER Past Action—>Present Action
c. Past Perfect = HAD + Past Particlple
d. Several teachers THOUGHT that Jimmy HAD CHEATED on the
exam.
9. Have/Has
a. Past to Present
b. Present Perfect = Have/ has + Past participle
c. Our country HAS ENFORCED strict immigration laws for thirty years
10. Uncertainty, Subjunctive…
a. IF clause, where the IF clause expresses a condition contrary to reality.
b. Hopes, proposals, desires and request formed with the word THAT
c. Incorrect : IF I WAS tall, I would have been a basket ball player.
Correct : IF I WERE tall, I would have been a basket ball player.
11. Who – Subject
a. Who is that masked man (Masked Man is Subject)
b. He/she
12. Whom – Object
a. Him/her
b. Find subject of verb.
13. –ing words
a. Removed from modifiers
b. which, that, where, who, whose, whom, added

Awkward: The Talent Club, never liking to lose, practice every day.
Correct: The Talent Club, WHO never like to lose, practice every day.

14. Essential Modifier – That

a. Find the third car that is red in row one.
15. Non-essential Modifier – Which
a. The car, which is red, is hot.
16. Which – SIGNALS TROUBLE
a. When used in a modifier, refers to noun preceding it
b. Remove
17. Countable
a. Many
b. Few
c. Numbers
18. Uncountable
a. Much
b. Little
c. Less
d. Amount
19. Colon
a. Should be able to insert word NAMELY before list
YanyanXu.com

20. Do it => Do so
21. The numbers => the number
22. Whether or not => Whether
23. Being is ALWAYS wrong

Other Verbs of being or Condition

appear seem
become smell
feel sound
grow stay
look taste
remain turn
When you see any form of TO BE ( or any form of BEING), be sure that all the phrases
of the sentence should be parallel
24. Like
a. Compare nouns
25. As
a. Compare clauses, phrase with verb
b. Correct : Just AS swimming is good exercise, skiing is a great way to
burn calories
26. Pronoun Reference
a. Always remember implications are not enough and GMAT plays with
type of sentences very offend.
27. Agreement
a. Look at the subject… the trunk or the trunk’s contents
b. http://gmat-strategies.com/gmat-verbal-strategies/sentence-
correction/subject-verbs-agreement/
28. And conjunction makes nouns plural
29. Along with, in addition to, together with, including, as well as,
accompanied by
a. Remains singular
30. Note the following pronoun take the place of the singular form and therefore
requires singular verb form. Words ending with -one , -body, -things falls in
such category.
a. SANAM are exception to this rule, here you have to look at the “OF’
to define the verb form. Confused here is an example
b. SANAM (Pronoun + of + Object => Plural/Singular depending on
objection)
Some
Any
None
All
Most
'Some of the books are green, (and) 'Some of the food is delicious.'
31. Each and every are singular
YanyanXu.com

a. Exception, word preceding each/every

b. They each ARE getting tennis players
32. WHEN IN DOUBT, THINK SINGLE
33. Either… Or… Neither… Nor
a. just find out the subject near to the verb and take care that the subject
agrees with the verb and here you have the answer.
b. Neither David nor his friends WERE at the party.
Neither his friends nor David WAS at the party.
c. Exception: When Either/Neither is alone, singular
34. Split Infinitive
a. Incorrect : I need you TO quickly RUN out to the store.
Correct : I need you TO RUN quickly out to the store.
YanyanXu.com

Math

2 + 4 + 6 + 8…. = n ( n + 1 )

1 + 2 +3 + 4 + 5 ….. = ( n ( n + 1 ) ) / 2

13 + 23 +33 + 43 + 53 ….. = ( n2 (n + 1)2 ) / 4

12 + 22 +32 + 42 + 52 ….. = ( n (n+1)(2n+1)) / 6

1 + 3 + 5 + 7 …. = n2

Arithmetic Progression

1. If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is a 1 and the common difference of

successive members is d, then the n-th term of the sequence is given by
2. a n = a 1 + (n - 1)d, n = 1, 2, ...
3. Finds the 10th term!

1. The sum S of the first n values of a finite sequence is given by the formula:
2. S = 1/ 2 (a 1 + a n )n, where a 1 is the first term and a n the last.

Geometric Progression

1. a n = a 1 .qn-1
2. Finds the 10th term

3. Sum Of nth Term = a 1 ( 1 – qn) / (1 – q)

4. Mid Term a, b, c….. b2 = ac

Sets

 (A U B) = A + B – ( A n B )
 (A U B) =A + B

Geometry

 Length of 2 point = point P (x 1 ,y 1 ) and point Q (x 2 ,y 2 ) == √ ( x 2 – x 1 )2 + ( y 2 –

y 2 )2
 Mid Point = ( x 2 – x 1 ) / 2 , ( y 2 – y 2 ) / 2
 Divide Line in M : N ratio = ( Mx 2 + Nx 2 ) / M+N , ( My 2 + Ny 2 ) / M+N
YanyanXu.com

 Centroid of triangle = (X 1 + X 2 + X 3 ) / 3 , (Y 1 + Y 2 + Y 3 ) / 3
 Slope = M= y 2 – y 1 / x 2 – x 1
 Parallel Line = M 1 =M 2
 Perpendicular Line = M 1 M 2 = -1
 Area of Triangle = 1/2 (X 1 (Y 2 – Y 3 ) + X 2 (Y 3 -Y 1 ) + X 3 (Y 1 -Y 2 ) )
 Complementary = 90
 Supplementary = 180
 Polygons
a. Sum of Interior angle = (n – 2) 180
b. Number of sides = 360 / exterior Angle


YanyanXu.com

=> OR

=> Mutually exclusive (Intersection)

Independent events
Two events A and B are said to be independent if the occurrence of either
event does not alter the probability that the other event occurs. The following
multiplication rule holds for any independent events E and F:

.
YanyanXu.com

5,280 feet = 1 mile

3 feet = 1 yard (yd)

16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lb)

2,000 pounds = 1 ton (T)

2 cups = 1 pint (pt)

2 pints = 1 quart (qt)

4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal)

4 pecks = 1 bushel

1⁄8 = .125 = .121⁄2 = 121⁄2%

1⁄6 = .162⁄3 = 162⁄3%

One meter is a little more than a yard. One liter is slightly more than a quart. One
kilometer is about .6 mile.

 Composite number
o Number divisible by more than just 1 and itself: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, .
. . (0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite)
 Natural numbers
o Stating number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ….
 Whole numbers
o Stating number 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Geometry

 Equilateral Triangle = √3/4 * s2

 Height of Equilateral Triangle = √3/4 * s
 Trapezoid Area = 1⁄2h(b1 + b2)
 Surface Area Cube = S x S x 6 = S2 X 6
 Diagonal of Cube = √3a2
 Sphere Volume = 4/3 πr3
 Sphere Surface Area = 4πr3
 Cone Volume =1/3 πr2h
 Cone Surface Area = πr2 + πrs

A prime number is a positive integer that has exactly two different positive
divisors, 1 and itself. For example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13 are prime numbers, but
15 is not, since 15 has four different positive divisors, 1, 3, 5, and 15. The
YanyanXu.com

number 1 is not a prime number, since it has only one positive divisor. Every
integer greater than 1 is either prime or can be uniquely expressed as a product
of prime factors. For example, 14 = (2)(7), 81 = (3)(3)(3)(3), and 484 =
(2)(2)(11)(11).

1.

2. For example, if x = 10 and y = 2, then ; and

if x = 10 and y = -2, then .

N!/(R!(N-R)!) = pick R out of N

Trapezoids

A quadrilateral with two sides that are parallel, as shown above, is a trapezoid.
The area of trapezoid PQRS may be calculated as follows:
YanyanXu.com

In a work problem, the rates at which certain persons or machines work alone
are usually given, and it is necessary to compute the rate at which they work
together (or vice versa).

The basic formula for solving work problems is: , where r and s are,
for example, the number of hours it takes Rae and Sam, respectively, to
complete a job when working alone, and h is the number of hours it takes Rae
and Sam to do the job when working together. The reasoning is that in 1 hour

Rae does of the job, Sam does of the job, and Rae and Sam together do of
the job.

Monthly = P (1 + r/12)12 = (monthly compounding)

Question:
The price of an item is discounted by 20% and then this reduced price is
YanyanXu.com

discounted by an additional 30%. These two discounts are equal to an overall

discount of what percent?

Solution:
If p is the original price of the item, then 0.8p is the price after the first discount.
The price after the second discount is (0.7)(0.8)p = 0.56p. This represents an
overall discount of 44% (100% − 56%).

Question:
Each of 25 people is enrolled in history, mathematics, or both. If 20 are enrolled
in history and 18 are enrolled in mathematics, how many are enrolled in both
history and mathematics?

Solution:
The 25 people can be divided into three sets: those who are enrolled in history
only, those who are enrolled in mathematics only, and those who are enrolled in
history and mathematics. Thus, a Venn diagram may be drawn as follows, where
n is the number of people enrolled in both courses, 20 − n is the number
enrolled in history only, and 18 − n is the number enrolled in mathematics only.

Since there is a total of 25 people, (20 − n) + n + (18 − n) = 25, or n = 13.

Thirteen people are enrolled in both history and mathematics.
YanyanXu.com

The number of integers between two integers inclusive is one more than their difference.
For example: The number of integers between 49 and 101 inclusive is (101 – 49) + 1 = 53. To
see this more clearly, choose smaller numbers, say, 9 and 11. The difference between 9 and
11 is 2. But there are three numbers between them inclusive—9, 10, and 11—one more than
their difference.
YanyanXu.com

To summarize: if one quantity increases (decreases) as another quantity also increases

(decreases), set ratios equal. If one quantity increases (decreases) as another quantity decreases
(increases), set products equal.

 An integer is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

 1 yard = 3 feet
 1 mile = 5,280 feet
 1 quart = 2 pints
 1 gallon = 4 quarts
 1 pound = 16 ounces

By analogy, “x divided by y leaves a remainder of 1” means that

x y q 1, where q is an integer.