Transport Phenomena

David Andrés Gómez Ríos. Ch. Eng. MSc.

dandres.gomez@udea.edu.co
Content Summary
 Introduction
 Transport properties
 Interfacial transport
 Unit I – Mass Transport
 Diffusivity and Mechanisms of Mass Transport
 Mass Balance, Equations of change, Concentration
Distributions.
 Unit II – Energy Transport
 Thermal conductivity and mechanisms of energy
transport
 Energy Balances, Equations of change in Non-
isothermal systems and Temperature Distributions.
Content Summary
 Unit III – Momentum Transport
 Viscosity and Mechanism of Momentum Transport
 Newtonian and No Newtonian Fluids
 Balance of Momentum, Equations of Change in
Isothermal Systems, Velocity Distributions
 Introduction to Turbulent Flow
 Unit IV – Analogies and combined transport
 Cases studies of combined transport
 Analogies mass-heat-momentum
Recommended Textbooks
 Bird, Stewart, Lightfoot. “Transport Phenomena”. 2nd
Edition. John Wiley & Sons. 2002.
 Heat & mass transport textbooks.
 Fluids mechanics textbooks.
What is Transport Phenomena?
 All processes generating change of properties exhibited by the
material under consideration.
 These processes are irreversible and have statistical nature,
stemming from the random continuous motion of molecules,
mostly observed in fluids (liquids and gases).
What is Transport Phenomena?
 Every aspect of transport phenomena is grounded in two
primary concepts:
 The conservation laws: describe how the quantity being studied must
be conserved within the universe of the question.
 Constitutive equations: describe how the quantity in question
responds to various stimuli via transport.
What is Transport Phenomena?
 Difference with Thermodynamics: the approach.
 Two points of view: microscopic one and macroscopic
one.
 Integral analysis and differential analysis.
 Reaching of equilibrium.
 Transport phenomena studies non-equilibrium processes
involving momentum, heat, and/or species mass transfer in
fluid (liquid/gas) and solids.
What is Transport Phenomena?
 Momentum Transfer: deals with the motion of a fluid as a
whole without considering its composition
 Mass Transfer: deals with the movement of individual chemical
species within a fluid (or solid) relative to the motion of the
fluid as a whole.
 Heat Transfer: deals with the laws governing movement of
thermal energy (heat) through a fluid or solid continuum.
Balances in Chemical Engineering
 Chemical engineering is based in expressing the conservation
laws of nature in balances form.
 The principal governing equations in transport phenomena are
conservation laws developed by applying momentum, energy,
and species mass balances to arbitrary, finite regions or
volumes of space.
 In these property balances we need to appropriately quantify
the movement of specific material properties (momentum,
thermal energy, chemical species) across the boundaries or
surfaces of these arbitrary volumes
Mass transfer
 The net motion of one
specie (molar or mass)
from one location to
another.
 Stream
 Phase
 Fraction or
component
https://youtu.be/pu5SWO6sGo0
Mass transfer applications
 Absorption
 Evaporation
 Drying
 Precipitation
 Membrane filtration
 Distillation
Heat transfer
 Concerns the exchange of thermal energy and heat
between physical systems.
 Thermal conduction
 Thermal convection
 Thermal rad|iation
 Transfer of energy by phase changes.
Heat transfer applications
 Heat exchangers
 Evaporation
 Distillation
 Ovens
 Thermal insulation
Momentum transfer
 The fluid is considered as a continuous distribution of
matter.
 When a fluid is flowing in the x-direction parallel to a
solid surface, the fluid has x-directed momentum.
 Hence the x-directed momentum has been transferred in
the z-direction from the faster- to the slower-moving
layer.
Momentum transfer application
 Fluid transport
 Aerodynamics
 Energy generation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22W753joAnA
Constitutive Equations
 Heat transport: Fourier’s Law
 Mass Transport: Fick’s Law
 Newton’s Law: Momentum transport
k → Thermal conductivity

DAB → Mass (Molar) diffusivity

of A across B

μ → Viscosity

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