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For example:
Stable …but labile
Ea L
L L
L M
L L L L
M X
L L
X
G
STABILITY
1. Thermodynamic Stability
2. Kinetic Stability
Kinetic Stability:
Refers to the faster rate of formation of the particular species.
Formation of complexes: Thermodynamics
Orbital occupation effects
Orbital occupation effects
Dq was derived for quantum mechanic description of the electrostatic model of crystalline fields and is connected
to the radial electron density of the d-electrons, the charge of the metal and the distance of ligands and metal.
The term Dq is the product of two terms D and q and is called Differential of quanta implying the energy. The word
D has been coined from D State (L=2 )
Orbital occupation effects
STABILITY CONSTANTS
TYPES:
1. Stepwise stability constant
2. Overall stability constant
FORMATION OF MLn COMPLEX
• Two different ways:
1. Stepwise formation
M + L------> ML ; K1 = [ML]/[M][L]
• The “chelate effect” is amplified for ligands capable of forming multiple chelate rings
The macrocyclic effect
The there is a distinct difference between chelating ligands and
macrocyclic ones “macrocyclic effect”
The macrocyclic effect
The macrocyclic effect