IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)

Volume 22, Issue 9, Ver. 12 (September. 2017) PP 47-56

e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
www.iosrjournals.org

Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut

in Major Growing Countries
J. Nehru Naik
Research Scholar, UGC Faculty Development Program, Department of Economics, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam – 530003

ABSTRACT: The present study seeks to examine the growth trends in area, production and productivity in
major coconut growing countries. It focuses on the performance of different counties in coconut production and
also observed magnitude of variations in production trend. The study is based on secondary data obtained from
reports of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The time period consider for this study is
span of 15 years from 2005-06 to 2014-15 and out of the 97 coconut producing countries, 15 countries are
selected as sample of the study. The study used average, coefficient of variation, Instability, Compound Annual
growth and Semi-Log function for analyzing the data. The results reveals that the leading coconut producing
countries in world, viz. Brazil, Malaysia, Vanuatu, Ghana, Papua New Genuine. Among the countries of the
world, the coconuts productivity in the Ghana had increased highest followed Papau New Guninea, India,
Vanuatu, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
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Date of Submission: 11-09-2017 Date of acceptance: 23-09-2017
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I. INTRODUCTION
The coconut (Cocos nucifera) is an important horticulture crop which provides food, oil, beverage,
medicine fiber and variety of raw materials for the production of an array of products of commercial importance
(Karen, 1984). The coconut palm grows throughout the tropics and is widely called the “tree of life” for its
important role in smallholders’ livelihoods as a direct source of cash income, nutrition and materials (Warner,
2007). The coconut, having originated in South East Asia including Australasia appears to have dispersed
eastwards along the Pacific and further in to America, towards the West. It moved to India and Madagascar over
the calm tropical waters. Although, it was often considered as an ocean-dispersed nut due to its sustenance
viability in sea water for over 100 days, sea travellers were also responsible for the worldwide introduction and
propagation of coconut plantation. This is significant from the fact that Spaniards introduced it into West Indies
and southern shores of the Caribbean Sea and the Portuguese introduced it to Bahia and other parts of Brazil.
Polynesians sea-farmers further spread it to different Islands of the Pacific. The Arabs disseminated it on the
African coasts and maritime Tamils together with the Mariners of the Bengal coast distributed it into the lands
of the Indian Ocean (GoI, 2008).
However, the greatest economic benefit to coconut producers has come from drying the coconuts into
copra for further processing into copra oil. Coconut harvesting and primary processing is dominated by
smallholders, as large coconut estates turn to more profitable crops. Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands,
Marshall Islands, Vanuatu and Kiribati have substantial exports of copra and copra oil for further refining. In
contrast, India, Indonesia and the Philippines produce three quarters of the world’s coconuts, much of this in
plantations, and fully process it locally (PARDI, 2011).
More than 97 countries spread over the tropical belt in the regions of Asia, East Africa and America
grows coconuts and those countries are also potential producers. Philippines and Indonesia were the leading
producers which along contributed about 56 per cent of the world production, followed by India and Brazil.
Moreover, the ten major coconut producing countries viz. Indonesia, Philippines, India, Brazil, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Tanzania. India ranks third among the leading coconut
growing of the world, accounting for more than 21.02 per cent of the total world production of nuts (Coir Board,
1989). In India, coconut is grown in 17 states and 3 union territories under varying soil and climatic conditions.
Production of coconut in the country is concentrated mainly in the four southern states, namely Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (Elias, 2015).

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Gopala krishnan (1998) in his study highlights, the history and growth of coconut in India, the study
also reveals that the coconut board will continue to serve the coconut industry and will help to stabilize the
coconut based economy in the country.
Barman and Ahmed (1998) in their study examined the performance of production and productivity of
coconut in Bangladesh and also state that there is considerable expansion in the coastal regions in Chittagong
and Khulna divisions. These two divisions account for about 81 per cent of coconut area and 83 per cent of
production.
Singh (1998) in his study analysed area, production and productivity of coconut is different in coconut
growing countries. He has also reported the state wise area, production and productivity of coconut in India.
Even though a wide range of coconut products are internationally traded, the traditional products such as copra,
coconut oil, copra meal, desiccated coconut and coir dominate among them.
Mamoria (1999) In this study primarily focused on Indian in terms of area and productivity of coconut
is the second largest producer of coconut in the world and majority of this area is concentrated in Kerala,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa-Derman and Din. In Tamil Nadu, majority of production is obtained from
Thanjavur, Coimbatore, Kanyakumari, Madurai, Trichy, Selam, Ramanathapuram and Theni districts.
Rethinam & Idroes (2003) explored the scope for the increased production of copra. Coconut, a
perennial vegetable oil yielding crop occupies 12.190 million hectares distributed over 93 countries and
produces 13.68 million tons of copra equivalents per annum (2004). World area of coconut grew at 3.05 per cent
per annum for the last four decades and the production in terms of copra equivalent accelerated annually
at 2.9 per cent.
Lathika & Kumar (2005) their study analysed the growth trends in coconut area, production and
productivity for five years (2000-2005) in the different coconut producing states of India and came to the
conclusion that area effect assumes greater role in output growth in almost all coconut regions of the country,
though some states like Kerala and Orissa recently showed signs of a productivity based output growth. States
like Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are already on the path of vast area expansion.
Rethinam (2005) in his study on “Steps for Yield Increase” said that nearly 50 products of coconut are
being traded from the producing countries. Of them coconut oil is the largest coconut product. The price trend of
copra, and coconut oil in India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Sri Lanka during 2001-2005 reveals that domestic
prices are the highest in India and Sri Lanka and the lowest in Indonesia.
Lathika& Kumar (2009) identified the prospective coconut producing countries that put up formidable
trade competition to India, and to examine the growth performance of coconut in major producing countries,
especially the ones identified to be real challengers to Indian interests. Philippines, Indonesia and India formed
the cluster of major stakeholders. India fared better than both the other countries in the major cluster, in respect
of area, production and yield; and therefore, it should enjoy a comparative advantage.
Arancon (2010) explored production and global trade scenario of coconut. The global exports of some
coconut products during the last 5 years showed an increasing trend, particularly for coco powder, desiccated
coconut, coco chemicals, shell charcoal and coir, and coir products. There was a decrease in the export of copra,
coconut oil, coconut cream and copra meal, and a significant increase in coco chemicals, coconut shell charcoal,
coir as well as coir products.
Muyengiet al. (2015) assessed the production of coconuts and factors affecting the production of
coconut and to advise suitable research and development areas in coconut sub-sector in Tanzania. Data were
analysed using descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression Model. Results showed that palm population was
50 tree/ha which is below the recommended by 60.8%.
Kishore& Murthy (2016) were estimated the growth in area, production and productivity of coconut in
Karnataka and its districts using compounded annual growth rate analysis. The necessary secondary data was
collected for a period of fifteen years from 2000-2001 to 2014-15. Growth rates in area, production and
productivity of coconut in Karnataka state was positive and significant.

Aim and hypothesis

This study mainly analyses trends in coconut cultivation in terms of area, production and productivity
of major producing countries during the study period and also expected that there is considerable expansion in
the in coconut cultivation in sample courtiers. The present study seeks to examine the growth trends in coconut
area, production and productivity for the past 15 year’s period. It focuses on the performance of different
counties in coconut production and also observed magnitude of variation in production growth.

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

III. DATA AND METHODOLOGY

The study is mainly based on secondary data obtained from reports of Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations. The time period we consider for this study is span of 15 years from 2005-06
to 2014-15. Out of the 97 coconut producing countries, 15 countries are selected as sample of the study. In the
present study we calculated average of area, production and productivity. Arithmetic average is also called as
mean. It is the most common and widely used measure of central tendency or an average (Kothari, 2004). The
coefficient of variation indicates the relative magnitude of the standard deviation as compared with the mean of
the distribution as a percentage (Daniel et al, 2003). Instability is one of the important decision parameters in
development dynamics, more so in the context of production (Krishan & Chanchal, 2014). Compound Annual
growth is a way to measure change reliably at any time or for any time difference (Tague et all, 1981) and
calculated trend with Semi-Log function for 15 years’ time period. As Semi-Log regression model coefficients
(ie slope parameters) are elasticity coefficients (Gujarathi, 1988).

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Area under Coconut Cultivation:
From Table – 1 and Appendix -1 it is clear that the average country-wide area under coconut
cultivation during 2005-06 to 214-15. Among the major countries of the world cultivating coconut, Philippines
occupied the first rank, with an average of 34,74,463 hectares, followed by Indonesia ranking second with
27,98,777 hectares, India ranking third with 20,22,892 hectares, United Republic of Tanzania ranking fourth
with 6,13,953 hectares and Sri Lanka in the fifth rank with 4,01,571 hectares. Philippines contributed 32.67 per
cent share of the total area under coconut cultivation, followed by Indonesia with 26.31 per cent, India 19.02 per
cent, and United Republic of Tanzania 5.77 per cent and the Sri Lanka 3.78 per cent during the period of study.
During the year 2009-10, Philippines had the highest area of 3575944 hectares under coconut cultivation
accounting for 36.36 per cent of the total area of 9834314 hectares under cultivation in the world, due to the
invariable spread of rain in the countries. In 2014-15 Indonesia had the highest area of 36,10,000 hectares under
coconut cultivation accounting for 32.46 per cent of the total world area under cultivation which was
1,11,20,000 hectares, due to the scarcity of rain in the countries. In 2012-13, the India had the highest area of
35,50,491 hectares under coconut cultivation accounting for 19.54 per cent of the total world area of 1,10,
43,791 hectares under cultivation due to the low spread of rain in the countries. In 2011-12, United Republic of
Tanzania had the highest area of 6, 80,000 hectares under coconut cultivation accounting for 6.13 per cent of the
total world area of 1,10,86,086 hectares under cultivation due to the low spread of rain in the countries. In 2011-
12, Sri Lanka had the highest area of 4,17,000 hectares under coconut cultivation accounting for 3.76 per cent of
the total world area of 1,10,86,086 hectares under cultivation due to the low spread of rain in the countries.
It can be noted from Table – 2 that the trend coefficient is positive and significant in such countries
namely, India, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam while Indonesia also positive trend but not significant. In
Brazil, Thailand, Ghana and Malaysia the trend coefficient is observed negative and significant whereas Papua
New Guninea, Mexico, Myanmar, Soloman Island and Vanuatu are also noticed negative trend but not
significant.
It is also inferred from the Table that among the countries of the world, the area under coconut
cultivation in the Vietnam had increased at the rate of 6.64 per cent per annum followed by 3.14 per cent per
annum in India, 1.11 per cent per annum in the Papua New Geneva and 1.09 per cent per annum in Sri Lanka.
The area under coconut cultivation had decreased at the Compound Annual Growth rate of 14.63, 6.87, 2.90,
2.64, 2.23, 1.43, 0.42, 0.29 and 0.10 per cent per annum United Republic Tanzania, Ghana, Sri Lanka, Malaysia
Thailand, Brazil, Vanuatu, Mexico and Myanmar respectively. Father, CV reveals that the area under coconut
cultivation in Ghana had experienced a variation of 37.67 per cent followed by a variation of 27.96 per cent in
the United Republic of Tanazia, 22.51 per cent in Vietnam, 17.72 per cent in Indonesia and 11.36 per cent in
Malaysia. As the whole, the rate of variation is observed in magnitude of area under coconut cultivation in all
countries (Table - 2).

Coconut Production:
From Table – 3 and Appendix – 2, it is observed the average country-wide coconut production since
2005-06. Among the major countries of the world coconut production, Indonesia occupied the first rank, with an
average of 1,82,34,313 nuts , followed by Philippines ranking second with 1,52,16,062.3 nuts, India ranking
third with 1,18,41,047.3 nuts, Brazil ranking fourth with 29,44,039.4 nuts and the Sri Lanka in the fifth rank
with 22,51,166 nuts. Indonesia contributed 31.50 per cent share of the total world production coconut followed
by Philippines with 26.29 per cent, India 20.46 per cent, and Brazil 5.09 per cent and the Sri Lanka 3.89 per cent
during the study period. In 2006-07, Indonesia had the highest production of 1, 96,25,000 nuts accounting for
33.69 per cent of the total world production of coconuts which was 5,82,44,566 nuts, due to the invariable
spread of rain in the countries. In 2011-12 the Philippines had the highest production of 1, 58,62,386 nuts

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

accounting for 27.18 per cent of the total world production of coconuts which was 5,83,44,247 nuts. In 2014-15
the Philippines had the highest production of 2,16,65,000 nuts accounting for 32.84 per cent of the total world
production of coconuts which was 6,59,55,920 nuts due to the spread of rain in the countries. In 2014-15,
Indonesia had the smallest production of 1, 63, 54,000 nuts accounting for 24.79 per cent of the total world
production of coconuts which was 6, 59, 55,920 nuts. In 2014-15, Philippines had the smallest production of 1,
46, 96,000 nuts accounting for 22.28 per cent of the total world production of coconuts, which was 6, 59, 55,920
nuts, due to the uneven spread of rain in the countries. In 2007-08, India had the smallest production of 1, 01,
48,300 nuts accounting for 17.95 per cent of the total world production of coconuts, which was 5, 65, 07,283
nuts, due to the low rate of rain fall in the countries. In 2007-08, Brazil had the smallest production of 28,
31,004 nuts accounting for 4.86 per cent of the total world production of coconuts, which was 5, 82, 44,566
nuts, due to the insufficient rain throughout the countries.
It can be observed from Table – 4 that the trend coefficient is positive and significant in such countries
namely, Malaysia, Ghana, Vietnam, India and Sri Lanka whereas in Mexico, Thailand and Solomon Island are
registered negative growth and significant. Papua New Guninea, Tanzania and Myanmar are observed positive
growth while Philippines, Brazil and Indonesia are noticed negative trend but not significant during the 2005-06
to 2014-15. Father, it is also reveals from the Table that among the countries of the world, the production of
coconuts in the Papua New Geneva had increased at the rate of 8.58 per cent per annum followed by 7.38 per
cent per annum in India, 5.24 per cent per annum in the Vanuatu and 3.10 per cent per annum in Sri Lanka. The
production of coconut had decreased at the Compound Annual Growth rate (CAGR) of 12.59, 5.78, 0.46, 0.20,
0.18, and 0.12 per cent per annum Solomon Island, Thailand, Indonesia, Brazil, Philippines and Mexico
respectively. As can be noted from Table 2.5 the area under production of coconut in India had experienced a
variation of 29.48 per cent followed by a variation of 24.15 per cent in the Thailand, 25.96 per cent in Solomon
Island, 20.53 per cent in Papu New Geneva and 11.42 per cent in Sri Lanka, 11.27 percent in Malaysia, 10.94
percent in Ghana, 10.16 percent in Vietnam, remaining all countries less than ten percent the rate of variation in
production of coconut.

Coconut Productivity:
Table – 5 and Appendix – 3 shows the average country-wide productivity of coconut since 2005-06.
Among the major countries of the world’s coconut productivity, Brazil placed at the first rank, with an average
of 1,09,324 nuts , followed by Myanmar ranking second with 99, 956 nuts, Ghana ranking third with 97,184
nuts, Vietnam ranking fourth with 90,031 nuts and the Solomon Island in the fifth rank with 70,991 nuts,
Mexico in the sixth rank with 67,677 nuts per hectare, Indonesia in the seventh rank with 61,205 nuts, India is
the eighth rank with 58,338 nuts, Malaysia in the ninth rank with 57,090 nuts and Sri Lanka in the tenth rank
with 55,969 nuts, eleventh, twelve thirteenth fourteenth and fifteenth, Thailand (55,603 nuts), Papua New
Genuine (52,498 nuts), Philippines (46,816 nuts), Vanuatu (35,389 nuts), and United Republic Arab (7,647
nuts) respectively. In the year 2013-14, Brazil had the highest productivity of 1,16,506 nuts per hectare,
followed by Myanmar with 1,06,079 nuts per hectare, the Ghana with 1,43,000 nuts per hectare, the Vietnam
countries with 78,340 nuts per hectare and Solomon Island, with the lowest productivity of 72,453 nuts per
hectare.
The trend coefficient is positive and significant in such countries namely, Brazil, Malaysia, Vanuatu,
Ghana, Papua New Genuine and Myanmar whereas Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Philippines and India are observed
positive growth in terms of productivity but not statistically significant. In Thailand Indonesia, Mexico and
Solomon Island the negative trend in productivity has witnessed at significant level excluding United Republic
of Tanzania. Majority of selected countries observed a positive phase in coconut productivity during study
period. Among the countries of the world, the coconuts productivity in the Ghana had increased at the rate of
9.42 per cent per annum followed by 7.39 per cent per annum in Papau New Genuine, 6.81 per cent per annum
in India, 5.96 per cent per annum in Vanuatu, 5.23 per cent per annum in Malaysia, 1.99 per cent per annum in
Sri Lanka and 1.25 per cent per annum in Myanmar. The productivity of coconut had decreased at the
Compound Annual Growth rate (CAGR) of 9.98, 5.28, 3.63, 3.49, 0.66 and 0.65 per cent per annum Solomon
Island, United Republic Tanzania, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam respectively. Table - 6 also
shows that the productivity of coconut in Ghana had experienced a variation of 23.91 per cent followed by a
variation of 23.62 per cent in the India, 18.88 per cent in Philippines, 18.29 per cent in Solomon Island and
14.84 per cent in United Republic Tanzania and 14.61 percent in Papua New Genuine remaining all countries
less than ten percent the rate of variation in productivity of coconuts in the world countries during the
period(Table – 6).

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

Table – 1: Average Area under Coconut Cultivation of Selected Countries during

2005-06 to 2014-15
Sl. No Country Average Percentage Rank
1 Indonesia 2798777 26.31 2
2 Philippines 3474463 32.67 1
3 India 2022892 19.02 3
4 Brazil 270648 2.54 6
5 Sri Lanka 401571 3.78 5
6 Vietnam 98097 0.92 11
7 Papua New Guninea 221884 2.09 8
8 Mexico 168793 1.59 9
9 Thailand 227636 2.14 7
10 Malaysia 102348 0.96 10
11 United Republic of Tanzania 613953 5.77 4
12 Myanmar 47450 0.45 14
13 Solomon Islands 50600 0.48 13
14 Vanuatu 96071 0.9 12
15 Ghana 40526 0.38 15
Total 10635709 100 -
Source: Appendix -1

Table - 2: Trends in Area under Coconut Cultivation of Selected Countries

Semi-Log CAGR
CV
Countries Regression R2 (per cent/ Instability
Constant (Per cent)
Coefficient Annum)
14.712 0.021NS
Indonesia 0.115 3.14 17.72 16.67
(0.130) (0.021)
15.023 0.007**
Philippines 0.554 0.48 2.74 1.83
(0.013) (0.002)
14.431 0.016*
India 0.705 0.96 5.73 3.11
(0.023) (0.004)
12.607 -0.018*
Brazil 0.993 -1.43 5.67 0.47
(0.011) (0.002)
12.865 0.007***
Sri Lanka 0.326 1.09 3.78 3.11
(0.022) (0.004)
11.235 0.044**
Vietnam 0.508 6.64 22.51 15.79
(0.095) (0.015)
Papua New 12.320 -0.002NS
0.011 1.111 6.85 6.82
Guninea (0.048) (0.008)
12.048 -0.002NS
Mexico 0.061 0.29 2.60 2.51
(0.018) (0.003)
12.493 -0.029*
Thailand 0.956 -2.23 9.13 1.92
(0.014) (0.002)
11.723 -0.035*
Malaysia 0.851 -2.64 11.36 4.39
(0.032) (0.005)
United Republic of 13.719 -0.086NS
0.247 -14.63 27.96 24.26
Tanzania (0.329) (0.053)
10.795 -0.005NS
Myanmar 0.052 -0.10 7.01 6.82
(0.051) (0.008)
10.902 -0.014NS
Solomon Islands 0.165 -2.90 8.99 8.22
(0.067) (0.011)
11.477 -0.001NS
Vanuatu 0.018 -0.42 1.70 1.68
(0.012) (0.002)
11.152 -0.111*
Ghana 0.726 -6.87 37.67 19.72
(0.150) (0.024)
Source: Appendix -1
Note: Figures in parenthesis are standard error.
* Significant at 1% level, ** Significant at 5% level & *** Significant at 10% level. NS – Not significant.

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

Table – 3: Average Coconut Production of Selected Countries during 2005-06 to 2014-15

Sl. No Country Average Production Parentage Rank
1 Indonesia 18234313 31.5 1
2 Philippines 15216062 26.29 2
3 India 11841047 20.46 3
4 Brazil 2944039.4 5.09 4
5 Sri Lanka 2251166 3.89 5
6 Vietnam 1181978.6 2.04 6
7 Papua New Guninea 1170015 2.02 7
8 Mexico 1142680 1.97 8
9 Thailand 1282341.5 2.22 9
10 Malaysia 572556.4 0.99 10
11 United Republic of Tanzania 537074.1 0.93 11
12 Myanmar 473386.9 0.82 12
13 Solomon Islands 365200 0.63 13
14 Vanuatu 339872 0.59 14
15 Ghana 332904.3 0.58 15
Total 57884637 100
Source: Appendix - 2

Table - 4: Trends in Coconut Production of Selected Countries

Semi–log CAGR
CV
Countries R2 (per cent/ Instability
Regression (Per cent)
Constant Annum)
Co-efficient
16.773 -0.003NS
Indonesia 0.022 -0.46 5.81 5.74
(0.042) (0.007)
16.544 -0.001NS
Philippines 0.019 -0.18 2.66 2.64
(0.019) (0.003)
16.006 0.046***
India 0.367 7.38 29.48 23.46
(0.130) (0.021)
14.921 -0.003NS
Brazil 0.067 -0.20 3.70 3.58
(0.025) (0.004)
14.505 0.021***
Sri Lanka 0.364 3.10 11.42 9.11
(0.061) (0.010)
13.804 0.032*
Vietnam 0.877 2.21 10.16 3.56
(0.26) (0.004)
13.752 0.036NS
Papua New Guninea 0.207 8.58 20.53 18.28
(0.154) (0.025)
13.997 -0.009***
Mexico 0.364 -0.12 4.51 3.60
(0.026) (0.004)
14.442 -0.073*
Thailand 0.916 -5.78 24.15 7.00
(0.049) (0.008)
13.080 0.031*
Malaysia 0.683 2.45 11.27 6.34
(0.047) (0.008)
United Republic of 13.144 0.009NS
0.140 1.80 6.72 6.23
Tanzania (0.47) (0.008)
13.003 0.011NS
Myanmar 0.164 1.13 8.16 7.46
(0.055) (0.009)
13.193 -0.081***
Solomon Islands 0.316 -12.59 25.96 21.47
(0.261) (0.42)
12.331 0.069*
Vanuatu 0.789 5.24 22.33 10.26
(0.076) (0.012)
12.557 0.028**
Ghana 0.577 1.90 10.94 7.11
(0.052) (0.008)
Source: Appendix - 2
Note: Figures in parenthesis are standard error.* Significant at 1% level, ** Significant at 5% level & *** Significant at 10%
level. NS – Not significant.

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

Table – 5: Average Coconut Productivity of Selected Countries during 2005-06 to 2014-15

Sl. No Counties Average Percentage Rank
1 Indonesia 61205 6.34 7
2 Philippines 46814 4.85 13
3 India 58338 6.04 8
4 Brazil 109324 11.32 1
5 Sri Lanka 55969 5.8 10
6 Vietnam 90031 9.32 4
7 Papua New Guninea 52498 5.44 12
8 Mexico 67677 7.01 6
9 Thailand 55602 5.76 11
10 Malaysia 57090 5.91 9
11 United Republic of Tanzania 7647 0.79 15
12 Myanmar 99956 10.35 2
13 Solomon Islands 70991 7.35 5
14 Vanuatu 35389 3.66 14
15 Ghana 97184 10.06 3
16 Total 965715 100
Source: Appendix – 3

Table - 6: Trends in Coconut Productivity of Selected Countries

Semi-Log CAGR
CV
Countries R2 (per cent/ Instability
(Per cent)
Constant Regression Coefficient Annum)
11.150 -0.024**
Indonesia 0.427 -3.49 10.12 7.66
(0.062) (0.010)
10.659 0.015NS
Philippines 0.018 -0.66 19.06 18.88
(0.110) (0.018)
10.786 0.030NS
India 0.191 6.81 26.26 23.62
(0.136) (0.022)
11.520 0.015*
Brazil 0.671 1.25 5.35 3.07
(0.022) (0.004)
10.851 0.014NS
Sri Lanka 0.277 1.99 8.53 7.26
(0.051) (0.008)
11.377 0.005NS
Vietnam 0.041 -0.65 7.57 7.42
(0.055) (0.009)
Papua New 10.642 0.038***
0.331 7.39 17.86 14.61
Guninea (0.119) (0.019)
11.160 -0.007**
Mexico 0.578 -0.41 2.70 1.75
(0.013) (0.002)
11.162 -0.045*
Thailand 0.882 -3.63 14.92 5.13
(0.036) (0.006)
10.567 0.066*
Malaysia 0.911 5.23 21.56 6.43
(0.045) (0.007)
United Republic 9.096 -0.031NS
0.206 -5.28 16.66 14.84
of Tanzania (0.134) (0.022)
11.419 0.017**
Myanmar 0.414 1.23 7.42 5.68
(0.043) (0.007)
11.501 -0.067***
Solomon Islands 0.362 -9.98 22.90 18.29
(0.196) (0.032)
10.064 0.070*
Vanuatu 0.811 5.96 22.48 9.77
(0.074) (0.012)
10.616 0.139*
Ghana 0.728 9.42 45.84 23.91
(0.186) (0.030)
Source: Appendix – 3
Note: Figures in parenthesis are standard error.
* Significant at 1% level, ** Significant at 5% level & *** Significant at 10% level. NS – Not significant.

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

V. CONCLUSION
Area under cultivation continues to assume positive growth by almost all coconut regions of the world,
though some counties like India, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Indonesia has positive trend. In Brazil,
Thailand, Ghana and Malaysia the trend coefficient is observed significant negative trend while Papua New
Guninea, Mexico, Myanmar, Soloman Island and Vanuatu are also noticed negative trend but not significant.
The analysis of the growth of coconut production during the study period reveals that in Brazil, Malaysia,
Vanuatu, Ghana, Papua New Guninea, Myanmar Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Philippines and India are observed
positive growth. In Thailand Indonesia, Mexico and Solomon Island negative trend in productivity has
witnessed at significant level. Majority of selected countries observed a positive phase in coconut production
during study period and highest in Papua New Geneva then by India, Vanuatu and Sri Lanka. The country-wise
productivity of coconut showed that the leading coconut producing countries in world, viz. Brazil,
Malaysia, Vanuatu, Ghana, Papua New Guninea, Myanmar, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Philippines and India. Among
the countries of the world, the coconuts productivity in the Ghana had increased highest followed Papau New
Guninea, India, Vanuatu, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.

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 Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing Countries

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) is UGC approved Journal with
Sl. No. 5070, Journal no. 49323.

J. Nehru Naik . “Growth Trends in Area, Production and Productivity of Coconut in Major Growing
Countries.” IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) , vol. 22, no. 9, 2017, pp.
47–56.

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