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Digital signatures are electronically generated and can be used to ensure the integrity and authenticity
of some data, such as an e-mail message and protect against non-repudiation.
Digital Signatures provide Authentication, Privacy, Non repudiation and Integrity in the virtual world . IT
Act 2000 in India gives legal validity to electronic transactions that are digitally signed. Therefore we
need digital signatures for secure messaging, online banking applications, online workflow applications,
e-tendering, supply chain management etc.
Digital Certificates are digital documents attesting to the binding of a public key to an individual or
specific entity. They allow verification of the claim that a specific public key does in fact belong to a
specific individual. Digital Certificates help prevent someone from using a phony key to impersonate
someone else.
In their simplest form, certificates contain a public key and a name. As commonly used, a certificate also
contains an expiration date, the name of the Certifying Authority that issued the certificate, a serial
number etc. Most importantly, it contains the digital signature of the certificate issuer.
A Digital Certificate provides an electronic means of proving your identity. It also provides you with a
high level of security for your online transactions. You can use certificates to encrypt information such
that only the intended recipient can read it. You can digitally sign information to provide assurance to the
recipient that it has not been changed in transit, and enable verification that you actually sent the
message
Certificates use the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI technology, which is a sophisticated, mathematically
proven method of encrypting and decrypting information).
Information can be decrypted only when both a private key and a public key match each other.
The certificate contains information about a user's identity (for example, their name, email address, the
date the certificate was issued and the name of the Certifying Authority that issued it.) The certificate
also contains the public key.
The private key is stored on the user's computer hard disk or on an external device such as a smart
card. The user retains control of the private key; it can only be used with the issued password.
For participating in online tenders you need to obtain class 3 certificate which is issue to an organization
by Certifying Authority
A statement of the practices, which a certification authority employs in issuing and managing
certificates. A CPS may take the form of a declaration by the CA of the details of its trustworthy system
and the practices it employs in its operations and in support of issuance of a certificate. General CPS
framework is given in the guidelines.