LITERATURE REVIEW

Abdullah Anwar , Syed Aqeel Ahamad has investigated the strength

behaviour of concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag and cement
with silica fume. Concluded that compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength
increases up to 40% replacement of copper slag beyond 40% the strength get decreased and
up to 10% replacement of silica fume the strength increases and beyond 10% of silica fume
strength decreased. (Abdullah anwar, 2018)
Vishal.E, Jai Shankar. P carried out a research on influence of glass fibre on
high performance concrete and concluded that flexural strength, tensile strength, and
compressive strength increases gradually rom 1% to 5%. As result flexural strength, tensile
strength, compressive strength at 5% addition of glass fibres increases as 60.38%,12.94%
and 12.93%. (Vishal.E, 2014)
Tamil Selvi P, Lakshmi Narayani P and Ramya G studied for strength
properties, durability characteristics and effect of copper slag as replacement of fine
aggregate and from their results and conclusion replacement of copper slag increase the
density of the concrete which increases the self-weight and workability of concrete increases
in the copper slag replacement. From the result strength characteristics of concrete shown
higher values at 40% replacement of fine aggregate using copper slag. (Tamil Selvi P, 2014)
M. V. Patil has studied the properties and effects of copper slag in concrete
and his investigation was carried out by using copper slag as partial replacement of sand and
results that maximum compressive strength of concrete increased by 34% at 20%
replacement of fine aggregate and up to 80% replacement, concrete gain more strength than
normal concrete. And flexural strength increased up to 14% on 30% replacement. As the
percentage increases density of concrete increases. (PATIL, 2015)
Khalifa S. Al-Jabri, Makoto Hisada, Salem K. Al-Oraimi, Abdullah H. Al-
Saidy made on experiment high performance concrete in which sand is replaced by copper
slag and his experiment results that addition of up to 50% of copper slag as sand replacement
yielded comparable strength with that of control mix. However, further addition reduces the
strength due to free water content. There was a decrease in surface water absorption as
copper slag quantity increased up to 40% replacement. The experiment concluded that 40%
of copper slag replacement is recommended for high performance concrete. (Khalifa S. Al-
Jabri, 2009)
S.Geetha and Selvakumar Madhavan had made on investigation on High
performance concrete with copper slag for Marine Environment. They concluded that
copper slag finds a potential application in concrete for marine application there was
increase in compressive strength, flexural strength and reduction in sorptivity and chloride
ion penetration values. (Madhavan, 2017)
 P.R.Kannan Rajkumar, M.Rahul, P.T.Ravichandran studied for the characteristic
of High Performance hybrid reinforced concrete using copper slag as fine aggregate. Their
study focus on the effect on the mechanical characteristics of high performance concrete
upon the utilization of copper slag in order to replace the fine aggregate and the addition of
micro steel, hooked steel and polyester fibres in hybrid form with 1.0-1.25% to the total
volume of concrete is found to be beneficial to the concrete. From the test results the
concrete with 50% of its fine aggregate replaced with copper slag shows the better results;
improved performance in compressive, split tensile, flexural strength, toughness and
ductility. The addition of micro steel and hooked steel in the concrete produced a concrete
of lower water absorption percentage. (P. R. Kannan Rajkumar, 2018)

Zine Kiran Sambhaji, Prof.Pankaj B. Autade made an extensive study using

copper slag has been carried out to investigate strength, workability and durability. From
the test results for M25 grade of concrete for 50% replacement of coper slag show the High
Performance Concrete characteristics and it is observed that, the workability of concrete
increased with the increase in copper slag content of fine aggregate replacements at the same
water-cement ratio. (Zine Kiran Sambhaji, june- 2016)
Abhisheka H Honnakkalavar, Mohammed Asif, Shivaleela F Kallaganad,
Vinay R, Ganesh S R, B Shivakumar made