DESAMITO, DARYL DAVE M.

Date Performed:
VALERIO, ADRIAN JASPER S. ACTIVITY NO. 1 October 2, 2018
SOURCE CODING Part 5
ECE511FL Date Submitted:
4:30 – 7:30 T
Differential PCM October 9, 2018

I. Problem Set

1. The operation of a differential PCM is described in the following algorithm.

Algorithm:
 Initialize the threshold voltage VT ( VT=0 )
 Obtain a sample xs of the difference of the input signal x(t) and V T
( xs=x(t)-VT ) at regular interval Ts (Ts=1/Fs).
For each sample taken,
- quantize the sample using a reference voltage V LSB
( Vq=round(xs/VLSB)VLSB
- encode the quantized value (referred to V LSB) of the sample as a
4-bit folded binary code and transmit the 4-bit code with the sign bit
transmitted first
- update the threshold voltage by adding the quantized value of the
sample ( VT=VT+Vq)

A corresponding differential PCM reconstructs a signal y(t) from the received

differential PCM bit stream using the following algorithm.

Algorithm:
 Initialize the reconstructed voltage to zero ( y(t)=0).
 Samples the input bit stream at regular interval Ts' (Ts'=1/4Fs') and decodes
each 4-bit folded binary code.
For each 4-bit folded binary code received, the reconstructed signal is
updated by adding the equivalent voltage of the 4-bit code.
( y(t)=y(t)+ (4-bit code decimal equivalent)VLSB' )

(a) If the analog input to the transmitter is x(t)=2sin(2000πt) volts and the PCM
transmitter has Fs=20KHz and VLSB=50mV. If sampling starts at t=0, determine
the transmitted bit stream for one period of the input signal.

1
 DESAMITO, DARYL DAVE M. Date Performed:
VALERIO, ADRIAN JASPER S. ACTIVITY NO. 1 October 2, 2018
SOURCE CODING Part 5
ECE511FL Date Submitted:
4:30 – 7:30 T
Differential PCM October 9, 2018

Transmitted bit stream: ←


0000 1110 1110 1110 0110 0100 0101 0111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0111 0101 0100
0110 1110 1110

(b) Sketch the reconstructed signal y(t) if the transmitted bit stream in (a) is received
by an PCM receiver with Fs'=20KHz and VLSB'=50mV.
y(t), volts

II. Laboratory Activity

1. Write a SCILAB program that determines the transmitted bit stream for a given x(t),
Fs, and VLSB. Given that x(t)=2sin(2000πt) volts and sampling starts at t=0, use the
Scilab program to determine the transmitted bit stream for one period of x(t) for the
following combinations of Fs and VLSB.
(a) Fs=20KHz, VLSB=50mV
Transmitted bits: ←

0000 1110 1110 1110 0110 0100 0101 0111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0111 0101 0100
0110 1110 1110

2
 DESAMITO, DARYL DAVE M. Date Performed:
VALERIO, ADRIAN JASPER S. ACTIVITY NO. 1 October 2, 2018
SOURCE CODING Part 5
ECE511FL Date Submitted:
4:30 – 7:30 T
Differential PCM October 9, 2018

(b) Fs=40KHz, VLSB=25mV

Transmitted bits: ←

0000 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 0110 1010 1100 1000 1001 1101 1011 0111 1111
1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0111 1011 1101 1001 1000
1100 1010 0110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110

2. Write a SCILAB program that plots the reconstructed signal y(t) for a given received
bit stream, Fs', and VLSB'. Use the Scilab program to plot the reconstructed signal
for the transmitted bit streams in (1) if Fs'=Fs and V LSB'=VLSB.

(a) Reconstructed signal for 1.a.

(b) Reconstructed signal for 1.b.

3
 DESAMITO, DARYL DAVE M. Date Performed:
VALERIO, ADRIAN JASPER S. ACTIVITY NO. 1 October 2, 2018
SOURCE CODING Part 5
ECE511FL Date Submitted:
4:30 – 7:30 T
Differential PCM October 9, 2018

3. Given that x(t)=2sin(2000πt) volts and sampling starts at t=0, use the Scilab programs
to determine the VLSB that should be used to have the best reconstructed signal y(t)
for a given Fs. Let Fs=Fs' and VLSB=VLSB' with VLSB being multiples of 10mV.
(a) Fs=20KHz, VLSB=100mV

(b) Fs=40KHz, VLSB=50mV

4
 DESAMITO, DARYL DAVE M. Date Performed:
VALERIO, ADRIAN JASPER S. ACTIVITY NO. 1 October 2, 2018
SOURCE CODING Part 5
ECE511FL Date Submitted:
4:30 – 7:30 T
Differential PCM October 9, 2018

4. Given that x(t)=2sin(2000πt) volts and sampling starts at t=0, use the Scilab programs
to determine the Fs that should be used to have the best reconstructed signal y(t)for a
given VLSB. Let Fs=Fs' and VLSB=VLSB' with Fs being multiples of 1KHz.

(a) Fs=36KHz, VLSB= 50mV

(b) Fs=70KHz, VLSB=25mV

5. From the preceding activities, discuss how Fs and V LSB should be selected to have
the best reconstructed signal.
In comparison for the 2 parameters, Fs and VLSB one must be lower and the
other higher. As parameters change for comparison, the condition must be
satisfied to reconstruct the best possible output waveform.
As per this experiment, the value of Fs is greatly related to the value of V LSB
of the input signal. Their relationship revolves around the principle that when
5
 DESAMITO, DARYL DAVE M. Date Performed:
VALERIO, ADRIAN JASPER S. ACTIVITY NO. 1 October 2, 2018
SOURCE CODING Part 5
ECE511FL Date Submitted:
4:30 – 7:30 T
Differential PCM October 9, 2018

the value of one of them is high, the other value should be low. If the value of Fs
is rather high, its corresponding VLSB should be low. This is assure the best
reconstructed signal at the receiver.