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Introduction

ethio telecom is an integrated telecommunications service provider in Ethiopia. It provides both mobile and fixed
line telephone, and internet services. ethio telecom is owned by the government of Ethiopia and it is one of the
most effective state owned corporate enterprises. It is the second giant telecom service provider in Africa next to
MTN Nigeria.(ITU-T)( https://telecomworld.itu.int/exhibitor-sponsor-list/ethio-telecom/)

BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW OF TELECOM SECTOR IN ETHIOPIA

1894-1942

Telecommunications service was introduced in Ethiopia by Emperor Menelik II in 1894 when the construction of
the telephone line from Harar to the capital city, Addis Ababa, was commenced. Then the interurban network was
continued to expand satisfactorily in all other directions from the capital. Many important centers in the Empire
were interconnected by lines, thus facilitating long distance communication with the assistants or operators at
intermediate stations frequently acting as verbal human repeaters between the distant calling parties.

Telecommunications Sector In Ethiopia (1894-1942)

In this particular period, the telecom telecom has been renamed and restructured through different stages.

 First, the management of the service was under the Imperial Court of Menelik II in the name of the
“CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION OF TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEM OF ETHIOPIA” from 1890 up to
1907. Mr. Stevenin, a French citizen, was appointed as the General Manager of the service.

 The service was renamed as “THE CENTRAL OFFICE OF POST, TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE (PTT) SYSTEM
OF ETHIOPIA” since 1907-1909. It was administered by Emperor Menilik II’s Advisor, Mr. Al Fred Ilg, a
Swiss man.

 Then the service was renamed as “MINISTRY OF POST, TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE (PT and T)” in 1910.
First, it was administered by Mr. Leo Shafno, a French citizen and then replaced by the first Ethiopian
administrators Lij Gizaw Bezabih, Lij Beyene Yimer and their successors consecutively.

942-1952 (Post War Restoration)


After the independence from the Italian occupation, the re-established Ministry of PT and
T took over the running of Telephone, Telegraph and Radio communications. It,
therefore, rehabilitated the network of the whole country.
 Under the Imperial Regime
 The Imperial Board of Telecommunications of Ethiopia (IBTE) was established by the
proclamation No. 131 on October 15, 1952
 The main purpose of the Board, as stated in its establishment charter of article 5 was
“to rehabilitate, extend, repair and maintain the telecommunication facilities of Ethiopia
and to engage in the business of telecommunication for profit.”
 In 1960 IBTE looked after the operational matters of central Ethiopia, a Regional office
was created at Addis Ababa. And at the same time, Radio Division was created separated
from the receding Technical Division bringing the number of Division Offices to seven
during the same period.
Under The Dergue Regime (1974-1991)
Under the Dergue regime, the Ethiopian telecommunications was renamed as follows:
 In October 1975, the organization was renamed as “THE PROVISIONAL MILITARY
GOVERNMENT OF SOCIALIST ETHIOPIA TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES”
 It was renamed again as “ETHIOPIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY
(ETA) on January 1981. It retained its name as ETA up to November 1996.
At this period, the telecommunication services had made a major change of technology
ranging from Automatic to Digital technology.
Under the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
The telecommunications sector was restructured and two separate independent entities
namely the Ethiopian Telecommunications Authority (ETA) and the Ethiopian
Telecommunications Corporation (ETC) were established by Proclamation No. 49/1996
on November 1996.
Establishment of ethio telecom
As a continuation of the 2005/06-2009/10 five-year plan and after concentrating its
efforts on education, health and agriculture, the Ethiopian government has decided to
focus on the improvement of telecommunication services, considering them as a key
lever in the development of Ethiopia, ethio telecom is born, on Monday 29th November
2010, from this ambition of supporting the steady growth of our country, within the
Growth Transformation Plan (GTP), with ambitious objectives for 2015.
(ethiotelecom)( http://www.ethiotelecom.et/our-history)
As of June 30, 2017 ethio telecom has over 59,899,000 total subscribers, of which
58,081,000 are mobile subscribers, 16 ,505,000 are internet subscribers, and 1, 170,000
are fixed line subscribers. ethio telecom has a keen interest in promoting the use of
modern technologies. It is one of few African market telecom operators that have
commercialized 4G/LTE services. In Ethiopia mobile subscribers throughout the country
are using 3G and 2G services, and in the capital city Addis Ababa additional 4G/LTE
services are available. The government of Ethiopia is strongly committed to developing
the telecommunication infrastructure. Consecutive telecommunication expansion projects
have been completed. As per the country’s Growth and Transformation Plan II (GTP II),
the telecom expansion project (TEP2) is underway, which is expected to result in 100%
mobile penetration, 54% internet penetration and 10% fixed line penetration by 2020.
ethio telecom has over 21,000 KM fiber optics backbone in the country which makes
broadband connectivity very viable. (ITU-T)( https://telecomworld.itu.int/exhibitor-sponsor-
list/ethio-telecom/)
Vision
To be a world-class telecom service provider

Mission
1. Connect Ethiopia through state of the art telecom services
2. Provide high quality, innovative and affordable telecom products and services that
enhance the development of our nation and ensure high customer satisfaction
3. Build reputable brand known for its customers’ consideration
4. Build its managerial capability and man power talent that enables ethio telecom to
operate at international level
5. Support community and environmental development

Values
Lead with vision

 Be committed to understand, meet and exceed the telecom needs and expectations of the
country at large and of customers in particular.

Respect

 Respect customers and recognize that the revenue generated allows ethio telecom to
operate.
 Recognize employees of ethio telecom as most valuable assets and create conducive
working environment that allows them to develop and grow.

Excellence

 Be committed to high-level performances. Customer service quality, organizational


excellence and continuous improvement of quality of services.

Integrate

 Be ethical and honest in all assignments.

Accountability

 Be accountable to all stakeholders.

(http://www.ethiotelecom.et/about-us/)
Main product and services of ethiotelecom

Ethiotelecom as a company has many product and services offered to its


customers. In this paper we classified the service in to two based on the media the service
provided; Wireless and Wired services.
Wireless services
Mobile
Ethio telecom is serving its customers by providing different telecom alternatives via
their mobile phones. Among these are: mobile internet, prepaid, postpaid and roaming
services. The mobile internet service enables your mobile phone, tablet or mobile
broadband modem to access the Internet while you are moving. We have also introduced
post-paid mobile services with the latest technology (GSM, CDMA, WCDMA and
4G/LTE) which enables customers to get more options to do their work easily.
Mobile Roaming Service
Roaming service enables mobile users to automatically make and receive voice calls,
send and receive SMS as well as access internet service while traveling outside the
geographical coverage area of their own home network by using a visited network. Ethio
telecom provides a roaming service in partnership with global partners.
Currently, ethio telecom has a roaming agreement with 536 operators all over the world.

M2M

Machine to Machine is a wireless technology that enables machines to talk to each other and
which you can access directly from your office’s or home’s computer.

Limited Wireless CDMA

• It is similar to the ordinary fixed line telephone service with limited mobility
• Offered through Fixed Wireless Terminal (FWT) which enables to get voice, data and
other value added services

EVDO Packages

EVDO is a Broadband mobile Internet service with high speed using CDMA technology.The
service is available in Addis Ababa and more than 200 cities and towns throughout the country.It
is provided in three alternative packages: 1GB, 2GB and 4GB for both prepaid and postpaid
customers.

VSAT
Descriptions

VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is an internet or VPN service using a satellite access
mechanism. It is a way of establishing private satellite communication network for large
organizations that have widely dispersed locations. Ethio offers VSAT service that is provided
through Broadband VSAT .It can also support Voice services in addition to internet and data.

Fixed Wireless Broadband- Aironet


Description
Fixed wireless is a broadband internet service with wireless access but fixed in a given location.
Fixed wireless broadband signals are broadcasted from a wireless base station to a receiver. The
receiver is usually a fixed aerial, antenna or dish device which you mount on your building in a
similar manner to a satellite dish. There needs to be a clear line of sight between the base station
and the receiver for the service to work. There are different types of fixed wireless last mile
access CPEs but ethio telecom currently provides the service with Aironet. It works up to 40
KM away from fixed network.

Wired service
Fixed Line Service

Prepaid Fixed Line


The service is a provision of the Fixed Line – Next Generation Network (FL_NGN) service with a
pre-paid tariff plan.

Fixed Telephone Service (PSTN)


• Fixed Line is a service used only at homes and offices.
ADSL internet service in two options namely, limited ADSL and unlimited ADSL.
Limited ADSL
• Limited ADSL service is a fixed broadband technology for internet with
high bandwidth through copper wire line
• The service is built in three different monthly packages (2GB, 4GB & 6GB)
• The service allows to access both Internet and Fixed telephone service
at a time

ISDN-EI Service
• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a service sending voice,
video, and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires
with data transfer rates of 64 Kbps (64,000 bits per second)
• An E1 has 32 channels. Ethio telecom provides 30 channels to users, and
the rest 2 are used for internal purpose (signalling purpose)

other services
VAS(Value Added services)
VPN
DNS

Hosting & DNS

Description

Ethio telecom presents to you different kinds of Hosting & DNS services:

 Domain Name
 Web hosting
 Internet Protocol Address
 Colocation services

Fixed Broadband VPN


Description

 Fixed Broadband VPN uses wired or fixed wireless options to connect Branches.

 Virtual Private Network /VPN/ enables private and public institutions to connect
with their various branches and to establish their own private networks.
 VPN enables you to share information and activate all information technology systems
inside your branches via fixed and mobile options.
 The service is available all over Ethiopia in areas covered by ethio telecom terrestrial and
mobile network that support data services.
 Ethio telecom gives VPN service mainly through MPLS (Multi Protocol Labeled Switch)

Mobile Broadband VPN service


 VPN is an extension of Virtual Private Network (VPN) to the mobile broadband access
mechanism. The service is provided through 4G, 3G & EVDO options.
 Short Code Services
 Brief description and where to get the service
 • Special telephone numbers with short digit less than a normal numbers
 • Used for television program voting, charity donations and so on

 It allows people or branches to access the LAN environment in a secure and simple
manner while away from the office environment.
Each connection is defined by a unique, private Access Point Name (APN).

When you are out of 4G network coverage area, you will be automatically switched to
3.75G network.
3G service is available in Addis Ababa & regions.
EVDO service is currently on sales in regions where 3G deployment is not finalized.

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