4251v8a Teachers Guide

US 4251 v8a
Teacher’s Guide
WORK AND STUDY SKILLS
Unit Standard 4251

Version 8 | Level 3 | Credit 3
Plan a career pathway
Licensed to:
Western Heights High School
2019 - 8a © ATC New Zealand
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NZQA Information
The information contained in this resource is relevant to assessment against the following NZQA
unit standard from the Core Generic – Work and Study Skills domain.
U/S LEVEL CREDIT TITLE
4251v8 3 3 Plan a career pathway

The information covered in the resource may also relate to unit standards in other domains.
Level Descriptor: The unit standard is at level 3 of the NQF.
APPLICATION
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS [OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS]
Some operational and Select and apply from a range Limited supervision.
theoretical knowledge in a field of known solutions to familiar
of work or study. problems. Requiring major responsibility
for own learning and
Apply a range of standard performance.
processes relevant to the field
of work or study. Adapting own behaviour when
interacting with others.
Contributing to group
performance.
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US4251v8a Teacher's Guide Licensed to Western Heights High School

Plan a career pathway 12032019-US4251-141256 INSTANT Education Solutions
8a © ATC New Zealand www.instant.org.nz
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About this
Teacher’s Guide
Learning Purpose & Outcomes
The purpose of this course is for learners to be able to plan a career pathway.
Learners who successfully complete this course are able to:
• identify and describe a personal career pathway
• demonstrate knowledge of career development (including strategies and constraints)
• produce a plan to follow a career pathway, which covers a period of at least 24 months (and
includes objectives and indicators).
A glossary containing difficult or technical terms has been provided at the end of this guide.
These words are highlighted the first time they appear in the main text.
Licensed to Western Heights High School US4251v8a Teacher's Guide

12032019-US4251-141256 INSTANT Education Solutions Plan a career pathway
iii
General Information
The teaching and learning guides are designed to prepare learners for
the assessment (of the identified NZQA standard). Teacher’s Note:
1. This Teacher’s Guide is provided for use by teachers only. It is not

intended that learners will have access to this document. However,
it is expected that, where relevant, teachers will provide learners with
suggested answers from this document.
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or self-directed study packages. Teachers should add their own for teachers. It is included
learning resources and activities as appropriate to ensure a robust throughout this guide to
learning pedagogy. The pedagogy engaged should be suitable to assist teachers to deliver
learning content.
the particular organisation or school the teacher is employed in.
This includes appropriate extension learning as required.
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they work through this course. The teacher needs to ensure that
this support is in place for students.
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have been made to websites mentioned in the Learner’s Guide
and the Teacher’s Guide. It is important that links are previewed to
ensure they are active, before giving them to students.
5. Laws and compliance regulations are regularly amended and/or
repealed. Teachers should research and incorporate any recent
legislative or compliance changes where required.

1
Contents
Describing a personal career pathway 2

What is a career pathway? 3
Personal qualities 7
Skills, qualifications and areas of knowledge 12
Managing career development 17

Strategies to manage career development 18
Pathway exploration 18
Professional development 20
Building supportive networks 21
Gaining skills, qualifications and/or expert knowledge 23
Constraints on career development 25
Cost and time required 25
Location 26
Access to information 28
Evidence of achievement 30
Personal relationships 33
Producing a plan to follow a career pathway 35

What is a career pathway plan? 36
Summarise the information you have gathered 38
Set career objectives 40
Set indicators of progress 43
Glossary 46
Appendix A: About Joe 47

2
LESSON 1:
Describing a personal
career pathway
Learning Objectives
When you have finished this lesson, you will be able to describe a A space has been left
personal career pathway. on the right of every
page for you to make
You will also be able to describe how each of the following is notes about what you
suitable and/or relevant to a specific career pathway. are learning.
Personal qualities
Current and future:
o skills
o qualifications
o areas of knowledge.

3
LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway
What is a career pathway?
A career pathway is made up of all the steps and processes a

person must follow to enter their chosen career.
What all career pathways have in common is that they link together
education, learning, and work.
The final outcome is achieving the career goal (the type of job or
area of work that someone wants to be paid to do).
The type of work that someone does.

Career Usually involves one specific job or area of
work, eg hairdressing, carpentry, nursing.
The steps and processes involved in

Career achieving a career goal.
pathway Relates to the link between education,
learning and work.
Education
Study,
qualifications
Career
pathway
Learning
Work Knowledge
Career, gained eg
type of work school,
mentoring, work

4
For each career below, one example of a career pathway is shown.
Pathway
Career pathway Education Learning Work
Hairdresser NZ Certificate in Apprenticeship, Cutting, colouring and
Hairdressing (Salon assisting in salon. styling customers’ hair.
Support).
Builder/carpenter NZ Certificate in Apprenticeship in Building houses and
Carpentry (Level 4) building business other structures.
Café worker Food hygiene and Full training done on Preparing and serving
preparation, barista the job. food and beverages;
courses. cleaning and
maintaining kitchen/
café hygiene.
Information on career pathways

The CareersNZ website, www.careers.govt.nz has up-to-date
information on hundreds of different careers.
Use this website to learn about the education, learning and work
involved in different career pathways.
The CareersNZ website includes a step-by-step guide to help you
choose a personal career pathway.
Jobs database (links to different career pathways):

http://www.careers.govt.nz/jobs/
Plan your career (choosing a suitable career pathway):
http://www.careers.govt.nz/plan-your-career/
Other sources of career information

School careers counsellor
They can advise you on options available to you and
provide you with information.
Learning institutions
The websites of polytechnics and universities can
help you find information about the training required
and qualifications available.
Industry Training Organisations
Industry training organisations (ITOs) manage the qualification
pathways for their industries and manage apprenticeships. An
example is BCITO – the Building And Construction Industry Training
Organisation.

5
Try it for In this activity you will use the CareersNZ website (or your
Yourself teacher will provide you with the relevant information).
Instructions
1. Find two careers that interest you.
2. What are the links between education, learning and work for each career?
Teacher’s Note:
Answers will be
specific to the
learner.
Introducing Joe
Joe wants wants to become a qualified chef.
He has finished Year 12 at school and plans to start working full-
time in a local café. After a couple of years, Joe would like to start an
apprenticeship training as a chef in a city restaurant.
Throughout this course, you will use the example of Joe to practise the
skills needed to plan a career pathway.
In Appendix A of this guide there is more information about Joe, and links to websites
relevant to his career pathway. You will use this information to answer activity questions in
this guide.

6
Try it for Use the information about Joe (Appendix A: About Joe),
Yourself and the CareersNZ website to complete this activity.
What career pathway is Joe interested in?
Joe wants to become a qualified restaurant chef.
What other career pathways might be suitable for Joe?
He could be a cafe cook, caterer, bar cook, restaurant or cafe manager (etc).
Which career pathway is right for me?

A career pathway should be one that suits your personal qualities.
It must also be relevant to the skills, qualifications, and areas of
knowledge that you have or hope to gain.
This is known as your personal career pathway.
Personal
Skills
qualities
Personal
career
pathway
(things to
consider)
Areas of
Qualifications
knowledge

7
Personal qualities
Personal qualities include someone’s attitude, their behaviour, and

way of thinking. They are someone’s individual characteristics which
make them who they are.
Your personal qualities need to be suited to your chosen career
pathway.
Interests Strengths
Personal
qualities
Attitude Values
Interests
Interests are what we enjoy doing or learning about. They can
include the things that motivate us, our hobbies, and favourite
subjects at school.
Computers and
Sports technology
Animal care Cooking
Interests
Helping (examples) Travel
people
Inventing
Healthy
lifestyle
Gardening

8
Choosing a career pathway that matches your interests will help you
to stay committed to your career goal, and enjoy the work you do.
“I am really interested in keeping fit and eating a healthy diet.

I want to have a career helping people to achieve their health and
fitness goals. I am looking at the career pathways of a dietician or
personal trainer.”
A person’s aspirations (dreams) are closely related to their interests.

These are the specific things that they want to achieve in life.
“My dream is to be my own boss. I am looking at the career

pathway involved in becoming an electrician. Many qualified
electricians end up owning their own business.”
Try it for Use the information listed below to complete this exercise.
Yourself • Appendix A: About Joe
1. Brainstorm all the interests that Joe has, and write them in the space below.
Learning about food, eg from different cultures, preparation and cooking methods
Cooking meals for family and friends
Growing own fruit and vegetables
Quad bike riding
Socialising with friends
Going to the movies
2. Which of these interests could be useful for Joe’s career pathway? Why?
All of the interests to do with food (see above).
Continued on next page...

9
Joe wants to become a chef, so he will have to be prepared to learn about
food and how to cook it.
Because he is very interested in learning about food, Joe will be motivated to
do well in his studies and learn all he can as a trainee chef.
Joe already cooks meals for others for fun, rather than just because he has
to. Even though being a chef is hard work, because Joe enjoys cooking for
other people he is more likely to finish his apprenticeship and have a good
career as a chef.
Strengths
Our strengths are the things we do best. These are the abilities and
talents we have that we are most confident about.
A strength might set us apart from other people and make us unique.
For example, a person may be a good problem solver. This means that
they are able to think about complex issues and solve difficult problems.
Team player
Creative
Problem
solver Leader
Strengths
(examples)
Organised
Compassionate
Persistent
When choosing a career pathway, it is important to choose one that

matches the strengths that you have. This will help you to enjoy
what you do, and be the very best at it.
“One of my strengths is that I am outgoing. I love meeting new

people and talking to them. I never get shy or embarrassed. I think
that a career pathway in sales or marketing will suit this strength.”

10
1. Brainstorm all the strengths that Joe has, and write them in the space below.
Works best when he is part of a team
Good communication skills
Strong leadership skills
He is creative, and is good at inventing new recipes
2. How could each of these strengths be useful for Joe’s career pathway? Why?
It is important for chefs to be able to work as part of a team and to
communicate well (even if they are the only chef, they work with kitchen
hands, waiting staff, and management).
Chefs are usually in charge of the kitchen and/or restaurant, so Joe’s strong
leadership skills will help him to be assertive and organised.
Joe’s creativity will help him to be an excellent chef, because this job is both
‘an art and a science’. Chefs are always developing new recipes and being
inventive with food.
Values
Most people have a value system that influences the decisions that
they make. Values are the things in our lives that are important to us.
This includes our beliefs about what is true and right for us.
For example, a person may value honesty. This means that honesty
is a very important personal quality that they have, and expect to
see in others.

11
“Hard work leads to success”

“Family comes first”
Our
“Earning lots of values “It’s important to
money gives us be organised”
more freedom”
“Get a good education”
A career pathway that supports your values will help you to gain
meaning and fulfilment from the work you do.
“I really value justice. I believe those in the community who do

not have their rights listened to need to have someone to help them.”
Attitude
Your attitude is your way of thinking about people or a situation. It
involves the way you feel about something, and can be connected
with your values and beliefs.
“I am a ‘people person’ and feel most fulfilled when I am helping

others. I am very patient and like supporting people. My career
pathway will have to involve helping people.”
What attitudes/values does Joe have? How do these match Joe’s career pathway?
Joe values families eating meals together, and says that sharing food helps
to build connections between people.
These values are a good fit for being a chef (and owning/running a successful
café or restaurant). Joe will be providing good quality food, and a space for
people to come together and enjoy food and each other’s company. This will
help him to feel fulfilled and get meaning from his work.

12
Skills, qualifications and areas of

knowledge
A career pathway usually involves a specific set of skills and

qualifications. It may also require a person to have or gain
knowledge related to that area of work.
These may be things you have achieved already, or they may be
things you hope to have in the future.
Skills
Your skills are the things that you are able to do that are a necessary
part of your job. Skills are usually gained through training or
experience in the workplace, or while studying.
When you select a career pathway, it is important that you have, or
intend to get, relevant skills.
Gaining the skills you don’t have yet is one of the steps in your
career pathway.
“I want to become a farm manager one day but my first step

is to get a job as a farm worker. To do this job, I need to have basic
farming skills like riding a motorbike, driving a tractor, and handling
livestock. I can already ride a motorbike, but will need to learn these
other skills.”
1. Name some skills that Joe has which relate to his career pathway. Explain how
these skills are relevant to Joe’s career pathway.
Joe already has some experience preparing food in a deli. He can prepare large
amounts of food in the time allowed, and can follow specific food safety steps.
These skills are important for any cook or chef to have, as food must be prepared
hygienically and be ready on time for the customer.

13
2. Name a skill that Joe wants to have, in order to become a chef. Why is this skill
necessary? How could he gain this skill?
Joe needs to learn how to present food in a professional way, ie ‘plate up’ to the
standard that would be acceptable in a good restaurant.
This is an essential skill for a chef to have, as good food presentation is an
important part of what a customer expects in a good restaurant. He could learn
this skill as part of an apprenticeship and/or at a training organisation.
Qualifications
When someone officially completes a course or programme of
study, they gain a qualification.
A qualification shows that someone has met a specific set of
education and training requirements. It shows that they have
knowledge and/or skills in a specific area of study or work.
NCEA Certificates
(Levels 1,
2, or 3)
Types of
qualifications
Bachelor Diplomas
degrees
Masters
degrees
Gaining relevant qualifications is usually an essential step in a person’s

career pathway. Without the qualification, it may be impossible to
achieve a career goal.

14
“I need to complete a New Zealand Certificate in Hairdressing

in order to become a fully qualified professional stylist.”
Some career pathways may focus more on workplace training rather

than gaining a qualification. However, having a relevant qualification
usually leads to better pay and opportunities for promotion.
“To become a dental assistant I won’t need any specific

qualifications as I will get training on the job. However, I found out
that most employers require their assistants to complete a Certificate
in Dental Assisting as part of their training.”
A career pathway may involve a number of qualifications, with each

one leading on to the next. For example, completing NCEA Level
2 or 3 is often a requirement for students wanting to go on and
complete a tertiary diploma or degree.
1. What qualification does Joe currently have which is relevant to his career
pathway? Why is the qualification relevant?
The main qualification Joe has is the National Certificate in Hospitality -
Foundation Skills (Level 1).
This will increase his chances of finding work in a café. It could also help him
to get an apprenticeship and/or get into a chef training programme with a
training provider.

15
2. What other qualifications will Joe need to get as part of his career pathway? Why
are these qualifications relevant? How could he gain these qualifications?
New Zealand Apprenticeship in Cookery
The final goal for Joe would be to gain the Level 4 certificate and successfully
finish his apprenticeship. This qualification will give him the skills and
knowledge needed to work as a chef. It will make him more employable. It
might help him to get into positions of greater responsibility sooner.
Areas of knowledge
Areas of knowledge relevant to a career pathway may come from a
person’s education, training, work or life experience.
This may include knowing how a particular industry, process or
system works.
A person may already have this knowledge, or they may need to
gain it to follow their career pathway.
Knowledge is different to qualifications because the way you gained
the knowledge may not have been by studying.
“I know a lot about horticulture. Ever since I was young I have

been interested in growing fruit and vegetables. I have read lots of
books on the subject and have talked to lots of people about it. I
hope I can have my own plant nursery someday.”

16
1. What is a relevant area of knowledge that Joe already has? How is this relevant to
his career pathway?
Joe already knows about food safety and hygiene procedures.
This is relevant to the job of being a chef and cook because restaurants and
cafés must follow these types of procedures to ensure customers’ safety (so
they don’t get sick from food poisoning).
2. What does Joe still need to learn about to become a chef? Why does he need to
know this? How could he learn about this?
Joe doesn’t know much about what it is like to work in a café or restaurant.
So far, he has only worked in a supermarket deli. He should learn more
about this when he gains knowledge on-the-job in a real café or restaurant.

17
LESSON 2:
Managing career
development
Learning Objectives
When you have finished this lesson you will be able to show your
knowledge of career development.
To do this, you will be able to describe how:
strategies can be used to manage career development
constraints can impact on career development.

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LESSON 2: Managing career development
Strategies to manage
career development
Career development is a term used to describe the progress a person

makes along their career pathway.
Using strategies to manage your career development can help you
to identify and complete each step on your career pathway.
Acquiring skills,
Building
qualifications
supportive
and/or expert
networks
knowledge
Strategies
Professional Pathway
development exploration
Pathway exploration
Exploring a career pathway involves finding out about all the steps
which make up that pathway. By using this strategy, you will be able
to gain a clear understanding of what you need to do to achieve
your career goal. You will also gain a better understanding of what
type of work you will be doing once you achieve your career goal.
Remember: A career pathway involves relevant education,

learning and work. Every step on a career pathway must be
relevant to your career goal. The steps you take should help you
achieve this goal.
How to explore a career pathway

In Lesson 1, you learnt about different sources of information on
career pathways, and you practised using the CareersNZ website to
look at different career pathways.

19
This website is a good place to start. It covers many different career

types, and the steps involved with these.
“I used the CareersNZ website to find out more about becoming a

qualified electrician. All electricians must get the same qualification,
so there’s not much choice there. But, I do have the choice of many
different training organisations to study at, and there are many
employers I could work for to get my apprenticeship.”
Joe talks about two different options for combining work, education and learning.
Describe each of these options.
Option 1: Joe’s preferred option is to work in a cafe first, then get an
apprenticeship in cookery by being a trainee chef in a restaurant (and
completing courses in a training programme).
Option 2: Joe could also complete his training as a full-time student at a
training organisation. This takes about one year. Then, he could look for
work as an entry-level chef.
Explain how using the strategy of pathway exploration could help Joe manage his
career development.
By looking at the different ways that Joe could combine education, learning
and work, he can find out which is the right combination for him. If he
didn’t do this, and just randomly chose an option that wasn’t right for him,
he may not achieve his career goal.

20
Professional development
Professional development is usually when someone has a job and

has to do specific study or training related to that job.
Often, it is the person’s employer who organises the study or
training, and pays for it. This type of study or training is often a
requirement of the job - it must be done by all employees.
“I work part-time at the cosmetics counter at a department store.

My boss sent me on a two-day training course run by one of our
suppliers. She wanted to make sure that I knew enough about the
products I sell so that I could give customers expert advice on the
right product for their skin type.”
An employee may also choose to do further study or training to help

them get a pay rise or a promotion.
“I want to get promoted to assistant manager, so I applied for an

assistant manager training course run by our organisation.”
Does Joe’s career pathway give him the opportunity for professional development? Explain.
Yes. If he does the apprenticeship, his employer might send him on extra
training courses. For example, the employer may get Joe to do extra
training on customer service.
Explain how using the strategy of professional development could help Joe manage his
career development.
It could give Joe extra skills that he wouldn’t have had the opportunity to do if
there was no professional development offered (or if he studied full-time).

21
Building supportive networks
To manage your career development, it is often necessary to form

relationships with people who can help develop, motivate and guide
you.
These people together form your supportive networks. The aim is for
your network to help you move from step to step along your career
pathway. A network is also a great way of discovering employment
opportunities that you wouldn’t otherwise know about.
“I am going to join the NZ Young Farmers organisation.

Membership is open to people who are keen to get into farming,
as well as farmers. You meet people in the farming industry and
members can be part of a mentorship programme.”
A supportive relationship could include having a mentor. A mentor

is a role model and an expert within the industry we want to work in.
They have a lot of experience in that industry and are willing to pass
on their expertise to us.
• Encourage and motivate you towards

your goal.
• Give advice on relevant education and
learning options.
• Provide opportunities for employment
Role of a
through industry contacts.
mentor
• Give advice and help with study or
training difficulties.
• Provide independent advice when
dealing with difficult issues, eg
problems at work.
“My friend is working as a fitness instructor. He is willing to give

me advice on the best work and study options. He will also help
with any problems I have, eg study, finding work. He said that once
I qualify, he will introduce me to fitness business owners who might
be interested in employing me.”

22
Who could help Joe on his career pathway? Why?
Joe’s manager at Big Earth supermarket - this person is willing to teach Joe
about different food handling techniques. This will help him to develop skills
which relate to being a chef.
Joe’s school careers counsellor - this person has already given Joe advice on
the qualification he needs to start out as a trainee chef. The counsellor can
also advise Joe on places that offer the qualification he wants to achieve as
part of his career development.

23
Gaining skills, qualifications

and/or expert knowledge
In Lesson 1, you learnt about identifying skills, qualifications and

knowledge. When you have worked out what these are, you then
need to decide how you will achieve them.
Ask yourself the following questions.
t m us t I do to ga in th e necessary skills,
Wha
rt knowledge?
qualifications and/or expe
Example 1: How to gain skills

“My training organisation has courses on safe tractor driving.
Having this skill will help me to get a job as a farm worker because
driving a tractor is a big part of this type of work.”
Farm Plus
Tractor Skills and Safety course
• Check that a tractor is safe to drive
• Drive a tractor safely
• Attach and detach farm implements
• Safely drive a tractor with attached implements
Example 2: How to gain qualifications

“To become a fully qualified hairdresser, I must gain a New
Zealand Certificate in Hairdressing - Professional Stylist (Level 4).
This is an essential part of my career development.”
Entry requirements
To become a hairdresser you need to complete an apprenticeship
and gain a New Zealand Certificate in Hairdressing – Professional
Stylist (Level 4).
Source: CareersNZ website https://www.careers.govt.nz/jobs-database/retail-and-personal-services/hair-beauty/hairdresserbarber/

(Retrieved: 12/3/2018)

24
Example 3: How to gain expert knowledge
“I need to know everything about running a plant nursery. To find

out more about this, I plan to work in a plant nursery. Learning on-
the-job will be the best way to gain expert knowledge on the plant
nursery business. I am applying for a job at a plant nursery.”
Sure to Grow Nursery

Wanted: Nursery worker (part-time)
Responsibilities include preparing soil mixes and composts, growing plants from seeds
and cuttings, watering, feeding, pruning and potting plants.
Contact Jenny 02 000 5555 for more details.
How could Joe gain skills, qualifications and expert knowledge?

For each strategy, explain how he would use it and why it is important.
Skills - work in a cafe to gain basic skills then, to get specialist skills, work
as an apprentice chef in a restaurant. To be a chef, Joe needs to learn
practical skills, so these strateies are important.
Qualifications - enrol in a training organisation such as ServiceIQ for a NZ
apprenticeship or to do the New Zealand certificate in cookery full-time.
Will provide evidence that Joe has the skills and knowledge to be a chef, and
will help him to get good jobs as a chef and do his work well.
Expert knowledge - gain the qualification and get relevant work experience
(see above). Joe needs this expert knowledge to be a chef, as there are
specific techniques, food hygiene and safety issues, etc that only this type of
training and experience can provide.

25
Constraints on career development
Constraints are things which could potentially limit or interrupt your

career development. Constraints can impact on the way that you
develop or manage your career.
Time
Cost
required
Personal
relationships
Constraints Location
Evidence of Access to
achievement information
Cost and time required
Cost and time required are both potential constraints on career

development. The most obvious impacts are the costs associated
with study, and the amount of time needed to complete a course or
qualification.
Impact Examples
Cost • Course fees
• Travel and accommodation costs (for place of study)
• Lost opportunity for earning (as time that could be used for working is
being used for study)
Time required • Time required to complete a course

• Time required to be away from family and friends while attending courses
Cost and time are also factors within other constraints, such as
personal relationships, access to information, and location.

26
Location
Where we live can be an issue that makes following a career

pathway difficult.
For example, some people live in rural areas, far from big towns and
cities where there are opportunities for study, training, and relevant
work.
Even having to study and work in a different part of the city to where
you live could be a problem. For example, there may be no direct
route there using public transport.
Location constraints can create issues which could make it more
difficult to achieve a career goal.
Impact on career development

Below are some examples of how location constraints can impact
on career development. The type of impact will depend on the
reasons why location is an issue.
Impact Examples
Financial • Cost of moving to a new location.
• Living costs in new location, eg paying rent vs. living with family.
• Extra cost of travelling to a distant location, eg using public transport to
travel long distances across a city.
• Extra cost of owning/running a car, eg needed to get to and from your
place of study/training.
Time • Time taken for commuting to place of study/work could make it more
difficult to meet related commitments, eg getting to work on time.
• Could take longer to achieve your career goal, eg if you must work part-
time, or stay where you are and save money before starting your studies.
Opportunity • Limited opportunity for where to study (you may not be able to go to your
first choice of study/training organisation because it is too far away).
• Limited or no opportunity for work placements and/or apprenticeships in
the place where you live.
“I live in a rural area, and the training organisation that I go to

is in a town 40km away. I borrowed money from family to buy a car,
but now have to find a part-time job to pay off the loan and running
costs. It’s been hard finding a job that fits in with my study and
training commitments.”

27
Dealing with location constraints

Sometimes, moving to a new location is the only option if you want to
follow a specific career pathway. However, if this is impossible at the
moment, you may need to add extra steps to your career pathway.
Type of location Possible ways to overcome location constraint (examples)

constraint
Access to study, • Start your studies from home (eg distance and/or online learning).
education • Try to find training organisations that offer the same or similar courses
nearer to where you live.
Access to relevant • For work placements and/or apprenticeships, you will probably need
work opportunities to move to the area where these workplaces are located, or organise
transport (eg car pool, public transport, buy own car).
• Try to find work locally that is similar and will give you some of the
skills related to your chosen career.
Financial • Set aside some time to work and save money which can cover the
constraints extra cost of moving to, and living in a new location.
• Find out whether you are eligible for a student allowance to cover
exra living costs involved in moving away from home.
• Many people work part-time to cover living costs while they are
studying/training.
Describe the constraint on Joe’s career development that relates to location.

Explain how this constraint could impact on Joe’s career development.
The organisation where Joe wants to do his training, and restaurants he
could work at are in the city (not where he lives). Because his training is
‘hands on’ he has move to the city to do a restaurant apprenticeship.
The impact is that, for Joe, moving to the city and the cost of living away
from home is unaffordable at the moment. This will mean that it will take
him longer to become a fully qualified chef (because he will take a couple of
years to work and save money first).

28
Access to information
Access to information about the kinds of courses and job opportunities

that are available can be difficult for some people.
• You may not have easy access to the internet, a careers counsellor,
or a public library.
• It can be difficult finding the right people to talk to who are experts
in the area of work you want a career in (eg employers).
• Some career pathways are less common, and there may be less
information about them.
• You may find a lot of information about a career pathway, but it
can be difficult to know which is most relevant to you.

Below are some examples of the impacts of having limited access to
information on career development.
Impact Examples
Financial • Not knowing enough about your eligibility for allowances, scholarships
and study grants - increases the cost of study.
• Not having enough information about the expenses involved in studying/
training at different learning institutes - you may choose a more expensive
option, when cheaper ones are available.
Time • Not knowing about, and missing enrolment deadlines for study/training
and not getting a place on the course (delaying career development).
• Not having enough information about the quickest career pathway, taking
longer than you need to achieve your career goal.
Opportunity • Not having enough information about which private and industry training
organisations are most respected by employers.
• Not knowing enough about organisations which offer internships,
apprenticeships, positions for newly qualified people - could limit your
ability to find relevant work.

29
Dealing with constraints on access to information

Below are some steps you can follow to deal with constraints related
to accessing information.
Describe the constraint Joe is experiencing which relates to accessing information.

Explain how this constraint could impact on Joe’s career development.
Joe has been unable to find out whether he would be eligible for a student
loan and student allowances (and under what conditions eg full-time study
vs. apprenticeship).
This could impact on his choices and the timing of his career development.
He may miss the opportunity to start his training earlier if he doesn’t know
about any financial assistance he is entitled to. (He plans to work and save
money for a couple of years first.)

30
Evidence of achievement
As you progress along your career pathway, you may be required to

provide evidence of your achievements.
You may need to provide this evidence to an education or training
organisation that you want to enrol in. It will also be required by
employers.
Evidence of A record of an achievement which relates to

achievement a chosen career pathway.
Evidence of achievement
• Education and training records and certificates, eg NCEA
certificate, NZQA Record of Achievement.
• Testimonials and references, eg written about you by a teacher
or employer.
• Awards and certificates from work and community organisations,
eg customer service award from work.
• Record of something you have created, eg a fashion blog,
kitchen shelves.
For people starting out on their career pathway, there may not be a
lot of evidence of relevant achievement yet. They may not have had
the required training or work experience.
There may also be evidence ‘out there’ but the person hasn’t gathered
it yet. For example, a person may have worked part-time after school
but may need to ask their employer for a reference as evidence of this.

Below are some examples of the impacts of limited evidence of
achievement on career development.
Impact Examples
Opportunity
• Not having the required evidence of achievement could result in missed
opportunities for study, training or work.

31
Dealing with lack of evidence of achievement

How you gather evidence of achievement will depend on the type of
evidence required.
Impact Examples
Education and • Contact your education or training provider to ask for a copy of your
training records and records.
certificates • Go to the NZQA website, and order a Record of Achievement (a fee
may be charged).
Testimonials and • Contact people in authority who know you and who can describe
references your qualities and skills. Ask if they would be prepared to write a
reference or testimonial for you. Explain to them why you need this
evidence, and who you will be showing it to (eg potential employers,
training organisations).
Awards and • If you don’t have the certificate already, contact the organisation to
certificates from ask for a copy.
work or community
organisations
Record of • Usually you will need to provide documentation, eg a scrapbook,

something you have photos, design sketches.
created • If you have created a website or blog, provide the URL.
You may also need to include steps in your career pathway, to help
you produce some evidence of achievement.
“It would be good if I could gain some work experience handling

animals. I am going to ask some farmers I know if I could look after
and feed calves at calving time. If I do well, I could get a good
reference from the farmer.”
“Although I live in the centre of a big city, there is a community

garden nearby. I am going to volunteer there and help with gardening
projects. I will keep a gardening diary with photos to show my work.
The people who run the garden might be willing to write a testimonial
for me as another record of my achievements there.”

32
What evidence of achievement does Joe need to help with his career development?
Explain how not having this evidence could impact on Joe’s career development.
Joe could check he has his Level 1 hospitality and NCEA Level 1 certificates
to hand, and his NCEA Level 2 record of learning. He also needs a copy of
his Big Earth award for customer service from work.
Without them, he won’t be able to prove to a potential employer that he has
achieved these things.

33
Personal relationships
Personal relationships are one of the most important things in our

lives. Many people have family or other relationship commitments
that impact on their career development.
Personal relationships may prevent someone from developing their
career in the way they originally planned.

Below are some examples of the impacts of personal relationships
in career development.
Impact Examples
Financial • If family members rely on you for financial support, you may not be able to
afford to study full-time due to lack of regular or enough income.
• Financial commitments related to your personal relationships may limit the
types of courses you can enrol in (some courses may have fees which are
unaffordable).
Time • The times at which you must be available for family members might clash
with the times you are expected to be attending study/training, work
placements, or other work.
• If you have to study/train part-time due to personal relationship
commitments, it will take you longer to achieve your career goal.
Opportunity • You may not be able to move to a location for work and study
opportunities due to family commitments in the place where you live.
• Your personal relationship commitments may mean you miss out on
career opportunities due to time constraints.
Dealing with constraints caused by personal

relationships
Many of the examples given previously to deal with impacts on
finances, time and opportunities will also apply here.
Most importantly, you will need to find the right combination of
study, learning, and work that fits in with your personal relationship
commitments.

34
“I have two young children. Although I thought I would be able to

study full-time and organise child care it didn’t work out. I decided
to reduce my studies to part-time only. Although it will take me
longer to complete my career pathway, I think it works out best for
me and my family”.
Describe a personal relationship Joe has which may impact on his career development.
Explain how this could impact on Joe’s career development.
Joe doesn’t want to live far away from his girlfriend, who hasn’t finished her
schooling and can’t move to another location yet.
If he decides to wait in his home town until his girlfriend finishes school,
this will impact on where he finds work. However, it is only short-term,
and could tie in with Joe’s aim to work locally for a couple of years before
starting his chef apprenticeship.

35
LESSON 3:
Producing a plan to
follow a career pathway
Learning Objectives
When you have finished this lesson, you will be able to produce a
plan to follow a career pathway.
This includes identifying and describing:
objectives that will contribute to a career pathway
indicators of progress on the career pathway.
You will also have the opportunity to produce a career pathway plan
which is written for a minimum timeframe of 24 months.

36
LESSON 3: Producing a plan to follow a career pathway
What is a career pathway plan?
A career pathway plan outlines the important actions you need to

take to achieve your career goal.
The plan considers all the strategies needed to manage your career
development, and any constraints that need to be dealt with.
The purpose of the plan is to help you gain the skills (including
experience), qualifications and expert knowledge you still need to
gain to achieve your career goal.
A career pathway plan is divided into a number of objectives. These
are the goals you need to achieve which will contribute to your
career pathway.
A timeframe for each objective must also be included in the plan.
This will allow you to identify when the actions you must take to
meet the objective need to take place.
A goal which contributes to a career

pathway.
Objective
Must be met in order to achieve the overall
career goal.
The timing of an objective.

Timeframe When the actions needed to achieve the
objective start and finish.
It is important to include indicators of progress in a career pathway

plan. They are specific outcomes that result from your actions.
Indicators show you that an objective has been achieved.
An outcome that results from achieving an

objective in a career plan.
Indicator
A measure of the progress made along a
career pathway.
Your career pathway plan must be written to cover a period of

at least 24 months. This is because it takes time to gain the
qualifications, knowledge, skills and experience needed to
achieve a career goal.

37
Achievements
Skills
Types of
qualifications Specialised
knowledge
Experience
Qualifications
Plus other objectives and indicators specific to your career pathway.
Producing a career pathway plan (overview)

Below is an overview of the main steps you need to take to produce
a career pathway plan.

38
Summarise the information

you have gathered
To summarise information, write a list of the most important things

you have learnt.
This summary will help you to identify the most important objectives
that you must meet to achieve your career goal.
It will also provide you with ideas about the type of indicators that
will show that progress is being made.
“I am a Year 12 student at high school, and I want to become

a qualified plumber and gasfitter. I have written a list of the most
important skills, qualifications, knowledge and experience I need to
get started on my career.”
Plumber and Gasfitter

Skills I need
Basic general trades skills, then specialist plumbing and
gasfitting skills
Qualifications I want to get
NCEA Level 2 English, Maths, Technology
New Zealand Certificate in Construction Trade Skills
(Level 3)
New Zealand Certificate in Plumbing and Gasfitting
(Level 4)
Knowledge I need
Plumbing and gasfitting theory, safety
Work experience I need
I need to get an apprenticeship with a plumbing and
gasfitting business

39
Summarise the most important skills, qualifications, knowledge and/or experience that
Joe must gain to achieve his career goal.
Qualifications
To become a qualified chef he needs to complete the New Zealand
Apprenticeship in Cookery. He expects this will take three years to complete.
Knowledge
Joe needs specific knowledge of what it is like cooking in a commercial
kitchen in the hospitality industry (especially in a restaurant).
Work experience and skills
He wants to train as an apprentice at a restaurant.
Joe needs to be able to cook many different dishes which involve different
types of food.
He needs to be able to cook dishes using advanced techniques, and many
different types of ingredients.

40
Set career objectives
The next step is to use the information from your summary to set Objectives could include:
career objectives.
• Qualifications
When you set objectives, include specific information to show how • Specialised knowledge
they contribute to your career pathway. • Skills
To ensure your plan covers all of the important goals you need to • Experience
achieve, make sure you include at least three objectives. • Achievements
• Other objectives specific
to your career pathway
“My main career objectives involve
getting the right qualifications, and I need
to do an apprenticeship. It’s going to take
me a few years to achieve some of these
objectives.”

Career objectives
1. Gain qualifications
I need to gain qualifications to be able to be a plumber and gasfitter. The Level 2 and
Level 3 qualifications will give me a higher chance of getting an apprenticeship. This is
important, because to become a qualified plumber you need to do an apprenticeship.
The final qualification will involve an apprenticeship and will take about four years to
achieve in total.
Timeframe Qualification I need to gain
Feb - Nov 2018 NCEA Level 2 English, Maths, Technology
Feb - July 2019 New Zealand Certificate in Construction Trade Skills (Level 3)
(Full-time training)
*Aug 2019 - Aug New Zealand Certificate in Plumbing and Gasfitting (Level 4)
2022
*Start date depends on finding a business that will take me on as an
apprentice.
Continued on next page....

41
2. Gain proven skills in plumbing and gasfitting

First, I will gain basic trades skills during my full-time training course for the Level
3 Certificate in Construction Trade Skills. This will contribute towards my pathway
by giving me some foundation skills, and will give me a better chance of getting an
apprenticeship. Then, I will gain skills while doing my apprenticeship (on-the-job and
also in my training for the Level 4 New Zealand Certificate). These skills are essential
for me to finish my apprenticeship and become a qualified plumber and gasfitter.
Timeframe: Feb 2019 - Aug 2022
3. Gain specialised knowledge in plumbing and gasfitting

I need to know about the health and safety side of plumbing and gasfitting, as well as
the theory and science so I can apply my skills correctly. I will gain this knowledge as
part of my training towards the Level 4 New Zealand Certificate.
Timeframe: Aug 2019 - Aug 2022
Set at least three career objectives for Joe. Explain how each objective will
contribute to Joe’s career pathway.
Qualified Chef
Objective 1: Gain basic knowledge and experience in a café.
Joe wants to start out his career by working in a café. This will give him
knowledge of what is involved in working in a food hospitatlity environment.
This knowledge will help Joe to get a restaurant apprenticeship.
2018 and 2019: Work in café (eg Highway Café Company).

42
Objective 2: Gain work experience and skills in a restaurant
Joe plans to do this as part of an apprenticeship. This will contribute to his
career pathway because the skills required to be a restaurant chef (eg how
to cook many different dishes which involve different types of food using
advanced techniques).
*2020, 2021, 2022: Work in a restaurant as an apprentice chef.
Objective 3: Gain relevant qualifications
At the end of his apprenticeship, Joe will have completed the ServiceIQ New
Zealand Apprenticeship in Cookery. This qualification is essential to his career
pathway because it is accepted in the industry as what a person needs to have
to become a qualified restaurant chef.
*2020, 2021, 2022: Gain the NZ apprenticeship qualification.
*Dates are approximate, and will depend on when Joe starts his
apprenticeship.

43
Set indicators of progress
Finally, match up your objectives with indicators of progress.

What are the outcomes that will show you that you are making
progress along your career pathway?
Remember, indicators could include:

• qualifications
• specialised knowledge
• skills
• experience
• achievements
• other indicators specific to your career pathway
When you set indicators, include specific information to show how

they contribute to your career pathway.
Remember to set indicators for each objective you set in step 2.
These will help you to see whether or not the objective has been met.
Not all indicators might occur, especially if there is a change of

circumstances outside of your control. When you write about
indicators in your plan, include alternative indicators which will show
that an objective has been met.
“One of the main indicators of progress

for me will be getting an apprenticeship.
This is when I will be able to start my Level
4 certificate, which I need to be a fully
qualified plumber.”

44

Indicators of career progress
1. An indicator of gaining basic trade skills is achieving my Level 3 certificate. If I can’t
get an apprenticeship after that, I will look at drainlaying instead. This is a separate
qualification and apprenticeship that can lead to a plumbing and gasfitting career.
It will take me longer to become a fully qualified plumber and gasfitter if I take this
alternative step.
Timeframe: July 2019
2. An indicator of progress gaining qualifications will be that I am accepted into the
Level 4 New Zealand certificate programme. This will mean that I have successfully
completed the Level 3 certificate. If I can’t get into the programme I will look at
doing drainlaying (see above).
Timeframe: August 2019
3. I will know when I have gained specialised knowledge by passing my safety and
theory courses in the Level 4 programme. If I have trouble with these courses, I will
look into getting extra tuition, and resit assessments if I am allowed to.
Timeframe: August 2019 - August 2022
Use the information listed below to complete this exercise.

Try it for
Describe indicators of progress that Joe could use to make sure his objectives are
being met. Explain how each indicator will contribute to Joe’s career pathway.
Qualified Chef
Indicator 1: Joe will have been chosen as an employee at the Highway Café
Company. If he isn’t, he could apply for similar jobs in other cafés. This will
allow Joe to get the basic knowledge he needs. It will also contribute to his
work experience.
Time at which indicator will occur: 2018

45
Indicator 2:
Joe will have a job in a restaurant (where his employer is willing to take
him on as an apprentice). This will show that he has the skills to start his
restaurant work experience, and is ready to start his training courses. If he
can’t find an employer prepared to do this, he could enrol in a New Zealand
Certificate programme (perhaps work and study part-time, or become a
fulll-time student).
Indicator 3:
Joe is accepted into the ServiceIQ apprenticeship programme. This will show
that he has begun the steps involved in getting the required qualifications to
be a chef. If he isn’t accepted into an apprenticeship, Joe could start on the
New Zealand Certificate in Cookery Level 3 course (maybe full-time if he
can’t find relevant work).
What’s next?
As you work through your career pathway plan, you may need
to add new objectives and indicators. This will depend on
whether or not you have to take alternative steps.
You can use your career pathway plan as a ‘road map’. It can
help you to your objectives in mind, and make sure that you
take action to achieve these.

46
Glossary
career The type of work that someone does. Usually involves one specific job or
area of work, eg hairdressing, carpentry, nursing.
career The progress made along a planned career pathway.
development
CareersNZ New Zealand website with information on hundreds of different careers
and the pathways to achieve them.
career pathway The steps and processes involved in achieving a career goal. Relates
to the link between education, learning and work required to reach that
goal.
career pathway Plan which outlines the important actions that must be taken to achieve a
plan career goal.
constraint Something which limits or interrupts.
evidence Proof of something.
indicator (in career An outcome that results from achieving an objective in a career plan.
plan) A measure of the progress made along a career pathway.
location Where something is geographically, eg where someone lives.
mentor One person who can guide and motivate someone along that person’s
career pathway.
objective (of career A goal which contributes to a career pathway. Must be met in order to
plan) achieve the overall career goal.
pathway The action of finding out about all the steps which make up a career
exploration pathway.
professional Specific study or training related to a job (often organised and paid for by
development the employer).
strategy, strategies Plan of action, usually involves steps which a person must carry out.
summarise Briefly stating the most important points of a piece of information.
supportive A group of people who can help someone along their career pathway.
networks
timeframe When the actions needed to achieve the objective start and finish.

47
Appendix A:
About Joe
Hi, my name is Joe Smith, and my career goal is to become a qualified chef.
I have just finished Year 12, and I plan to get a full-time job at a café as my first step. I am
applying for a job as a café assistant at the Highway Café Company. If I get the job, I want to
stay there for a couple of years. My aim is to get great work experience there, and save money
so I can move to the city to work as an apprentice chef.
My goal is to qualify with a Service IQ NZ Apprenticeship in Cookery. This will mean working
as an apprentice chef at a restaurant and also doing training courses at Service IQ. All up, the
apprenticeship should take about three years to complete.
As an alternative, I could do a New Zealand Certificate in Catering Services (Levels 3 and 4) as
a full-time student with a training provider. This would take about 18 months to complete. After
that I could find work as an entry-level chef. It is my second choice because it won’t give me
as much work experience as being an apprentice would. Also, I might miss out on professional
development courses, such as in-house training that some restaurants provide, eg extra
customer service training.
My careers counsellor at school has been helping me to find information about different work
and training options that can lead to being a qualified chef.
CareersNZ (search chef) ServiceIQ (search apprenticeships)
https://www.careers.govt.nz/ http://www.serviceiq.org.nz/
• Want to learn all there is to know about food - food from different
cultures, different preparation and cooking methods, new recipes.
• Enjoy cooking for friends and family and making up my own
Who I am as a recipes. (I won a prize for a recipe that I invented.)
person
• Good leader and team worker - I was a Year 12 school leader, and
captain of my sports team. I work best as part of a team.
• I am a great communicator and love to share my ideas, as well as
listen to others’ points of view.
• I believe that food is a great way to bring people together. Enjoying

Why is food a good meal with a happy group of people can bring together
important for me? families, or even a group of strangers.
• What it’s like working in a commercial kitchen in a food hospitality

situation (eg café, restaurant). So far, I have only worked in a
supermarket deli.
What do I want to
learn? • Skills such as presenting food to restaurant standard (‘plating up’).
• How to cook many different dishes, using advanced techniques
with many types of ingredients and food types.

48
• Hard working, and reliable - my employers always tell me that they

are impressed with how mature I am for my age.
• Won a Big Earth Supermarket Customer Service Award -
communicate well with customers, and want to make sure they get
the best quality food and advice about food.
• I have been working in the deli at Big Earth supermarket. I am
What am I like as responsible for basic food preparation and presentation, serving
an employee? customers, operating kitchen appliances (oven, slicer), HACCP
checks (eg cabinet and oven temperature, kitchen and servery
hygiene). I know how to follow basic food hygiene and health and
safety procedures.
• I also make sandwiches, prepare and present cold meats, salads,
and all the deli goods. (I can work quickly to prepare food in bulk
on time.)
• Quad bike riding - I passed a basic quad bike safety training course.
What are my other
• Growing my own fruit and vegetables.
interests?
• Socialising with my friends, and going to the movies.
Success High School, Auckland.

• National Certificate in Hospitality - Foundation Skills (Level 1).
Completed in November 2016.
What have I
• NCEA Level 2 (two subjects): Home economics, Health and physical
achieved at school? education. Completed in November 2017.
• NCEA Level 1 (five subjects): Home economics, Health and physical
education, English, Maths, Biology. Completed in November 2016.
• My deli manager at Big Earth supermarket has been a great

Who inspires me? inspiration. He’s had some chef training, and said he can teach me
some more advanced food preparation and presentation techniques.
• I will need to move to a new town to do an apprenticeship. I live with

my dad, which is cheap for me. I don’t have the money yet to move
away from home and pay for rent, power, etc. That’s why I want to
work for two years at a local café first.
What worries me? • Maybe I would be eligible for a student loan, and student
allowances, I am not sure.
• My girlfriend plans to stay at school for Year 13. I don’t want to move
away from our home town until she is ready to move with me.
Teacher’s Note:
Learners need to pay close attention to what Joe says about his
planned timeframes. Use your current date/year as a starting point.
In total, the plan would cover five years: two years working and
saving money at Highway Café Company (or similar local business);
followed by three years as an apprentice chef and training towards
his NZ Apprenticeship in Cookery.

49

50

51

21 Ruakura Rd, Hamilton East,
Hamilton 3216
Phone: 0800 864 863
E-mail: instant@atc.org.nz
www.instant.org.nz
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US 4251 v8a

WORK AND STUDY SKILLS

Unit Standard 4251

Plan a career pathway

U/S LEVEL CREDIT TITLE

4251v8 3 3 Plan a career pathway

Level Descriptor: The unit standard is at level 3 of the NQF.

US4251v8a Teacher's Guide Licensed to Western Heights High School

Licensed to Western Heights High School US4251v8a Teacher's Guide

1. This Teacher’s Guide is provided for use by teachers only. It is not

US4251v8a Teacher's Guide Licensed to Western Heights High School

Describing a personal career pathway 2

Managing career development 17

Producing a plan to follow a career pathway 35

Appendix A: About Joe 47

Licensed to Western Heights High School US4251v8a Teacher's Guide

US4251v8a Teacher's Guide Licensed to Western Heights High School

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

What is a career pathway?

A career pathway is made up of all the steps and processes a

The type of work that someone does.

The steps and processes involved in

Licensed to Western Heights High School US4251v8a Teacher's Guide

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

For each career below, one example of a career pathway is shown.

Information on career pathways

Jobs database (links to different career pathways):

Other sources of career information

US4251v8a Teacher's Guide Licensed to Western Heights High School

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

Licensed to Western Heights High School US4251v8a Teacher's Guide

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

What career pathway is Joe interested in?

Joe wants to become a qualified restaurant chef.

What other career pathways might be suitable for Joe?

Which career pathway is right for me?

US4251v8a Teacher's Guide Licensed to Western Heights High School

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

Personal qualities include someone’s attitude, their behaviour, and

Animal care Cooking

Licensed to Western Heights High School US4251v8a Teacher's Guide

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

“I am really interested in keeping fit and eating a healthy diet.

A person’s aspirations (dreams) are closely related to their interests.

“My dream is to be my own boss. I am looking at the career

Cooking meals for family and friends

Growing own fruit and vegetables

Quad bike riding

Socialising with friends

Going to the movies

All of the interests to do with food (see above).

Continued on next page...

US4251v8a Teacher's Guide Licensed to Western Heights High School

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

Joe wants to become a chef, so he will have to be prepared to learn about

food and how to cook it.

Because he is very interested in learning about food, Joe will be motivated to

do well in his studies and learn all he can as a trainee chef.

When choosing a career pathway, it is important to choose one that

“One of my strengths is that I am outgoing. I love meeting new

Licensed to Western Heights High School US4251v8a Teacher's Guide

LESSON 1: Discovering a personal career pathway

Works best when he is part of a team