MARCOS, AIRA JHERESE C NOVEMBER 26, 2018

BS PHARMACY 1-G TUESDAY (7:30-10:30) A205

EXTRACTION PROCEDURES
The process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material in a solvent
such as water, oil or alcohol, by allowing the material to remain suspended in the solvent
INFUSION
over time (a process often called steeping). An infusion is also the name for the resultant
liquid.
This is the procedure used most frequently to extract active ingredients in the preparation
PERCOLATION of tinctures and fluid extracts. A percolator (a narrow, cone-shaped vessel open at both
ends) is generally used.
In this process, the crude drug is boiled in a specified volume of water for a defined time; it
DECOCTION is then cooled and strained or filtered. This procedure is suitable for extracting water-
soluble, heatstable constituents.

SOLVENT-SOLVENT PRECIPITATION

The technique of heating a liquid to create vapour which is collected when cooled separate
from the original liquid. It is based on the different boiling point or volatility values of the
DISTILLATION
components. The technique may use to separate components of mixture or to aid in
purification.
In this process, the whole or coarsely powdered crude drug is placed in a stoppered
container with the solvent and allowed to stand at room temperature for a period of at least
MACERATION 3 days with frequent agitation until the soluble matter has dissolved. The mixture then is
strained,the marc (the damp solid material) is pressed, and the combined liquids are
clarified by filtration or decantation after standing.
The process in which the heat as well as pressure is used for extraction. Extraction of non-
thermolabile materials is more efficient in it because of high penetration power of solvent
DIGESTION
and solubilisation rate of soluble matters of the crude drug to high pressure and
temperature respectively.
In this method, the finely ground crude drug is placed in a porous bag or “thimble” made
of strong filter paper, which is placed in the Soxhlet apparatus. The extracting solvent is
heated, and its vapors condense in condenser. This process is continuous and is carried
CONTINUOUS HOT EXTRACTION
out until a drop of solvent from the siphon tube does not leave residue when evaporated.
The advantage of this method is that large amounts of drug can be extracted with a much
smaller quantity of solvent.
It is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubility in two different
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It is a basic technique performed
using a separatory funnel. Also known as Solvent extraction and partitioning.

SPECIFIC PROCEDURES

References:

Bartaula, N. (n.d). Extraction Processes. Retrieved from,

https://www/slideshare.net/mobile/niraj_bartaula/extraction-processes-54455689

Helmenstine, Ph.D. (2018). Distillation Definition in Chemistry. Retrieved from,

https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-distillation-605040