Activities to develop

Each student in the group has to answer the following questions

using academic references to support the research:
1. Explain the concept of "loss tangent" applied to electromagnetic
wave propagation media, and indicate how it is calculated.

2. According to the "tangent of losses", how can the means of

propagation be classified?

3. What concept does each of the means of propagation defined in the

previous point have?

4. On what does the propagation velocity of an electromagnetic wave

depend? What is the relationship between the speed of propagation
and the refractive index of a medium?

5. What is the penetration depth of an electromagnetic wave in a

medium and how can I calculate it?

Choose one of the following problems, solve it and share the

solution in the forum. Perform a critical analysis on the group
members’ contributions and reply this in the forum.

1. A dissipative medium has the following parameters:

𝜀𝑟 = 3.5, 𝜇𝑟 = 2.2 and 𝜎 = 1.9 𝑆/𝑚
Find the wavelength and the amount of wavelengths that will penetrate a
10MHz signal.
Solution
Step 1. Organize the information provided (Known and unknown
variables.
Step 2. Determine the equations that govern the system.
Table 1. Parameters for the solution of the proposed problem.

2𝜋 𝜆, Wavelenght [𝑚]
𝜆=
𝑘
𝑘 = 𝜔√𝜇𝜀 𝑘, Wave number [𝑚−1 ]
𝜀 = 𝜀𝑟 𝜀0 𝜀, Permittivity. 𝜀𝑟 , Relative
permittivity. 𝜀0 , Permittivity of free
space (a vacuum). 𝜀0 = 8.85 ×
10−12 𝐹 ⁄𝑚
𝜇 = 𝜇 𝑟 𝜇0 𝜇, Permeability. 𝜇𝑟 , Relative
permeability. 𝜇0 , Permeability of
free space. 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝐻 ⁄𝑚
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 𝜔, Angular frequency [𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠]. 𝑓,
Regular or linear frequency [𝐻𝑧]
2 𝑑𝑝 , Depth of penetration [𝑚]. 𝜎,
𝑑𝑝 ≈ √ Electrical conductivity [𝑆⁄𝑚]
𝜔𝜇𝜎

Step 3. Based on Table 1, calculate:

Calculate the permeability
Calculate the permittivity
Calculate the angular frequency
Calculate the wave number
Calculate the wavelength
Calculate the depth of penetration
𝜇 = 2.2 × 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝐻 ⁄𝑚
𝜇 = 2.76 × 10−6 𝐻 ⁄𝑚
Step 4. Analyze