CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the research method that uses by the

researcher. The research method is used by the researcher to gain the data

and the result of the study. The researcher composes this chapter into the

research design, setting of the research, subject of the research, technique

of collecting data, and the technique of analyzing data. Commented [G1]: Inserted: the

A. Time and Place of the Research

1. Place of The Research

Place of this research in SMPN 1 Jiwan. It is located on Jl.

Raya Solo - Jiwan, Kincang Wetan, Jiwan, Madiun. The researcher

wants to know the effect of using Market Simulation in teaching

speaking English.

2. Time of The Research

The researcher has undertaken the research start from February

until July 2018. The application of the technique to gain data is

carried out in the second semester of academic year 2017/2018 in

about March until July 2018. It follows the calendar and the

schedule in which The English lesson was taught in the school. The

schedule of the research is written below:

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Table 3.1. Details of The Research Schedule

No Activities Feb March April May June July

1 Planning

a. Preliminary
study

b. Arranging
the
permission
letter

c. Arranging
the research
instruments Commented [G2]: Inserted: ts

2 Application
a. Collecting
data

b.Analyzing
data
3 Reporting

B. Research Design

This research entitled ” The Effect of Market Simulation

Technique on Student’s Speaking Skill at The Eight Grade of SMPN 1

Jiwan is a quantitative research and an experimental design.

Quantitative ressearch is a tool to test objective theory by examining

the relationship beetwen variable (Creswell, 2010 : 18). In this

research , the dependent variable was the effect of market simulation

technique and the independent variable was student’ speaking skill.

The researcher will use one group to be given pre-test and post-test,

the where the researcher did an experiment in a single group only. The

researcher will analyze and compare the students score before and after
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being taught by using market simulation technique on student's

speaking skill in eighth grade. This design belongs to experimental

design. The aim of this experimental research is to investigate the

effect of market simulation technique for student speaking ability at

the eighth grade.

So, the type of research to be used in this study is the method

of pre-experiment one group pre-test and post-test design. This method

is given in one group only without a comparison group

Figure 3.1. Pre Experiment One Group Pre test – Post test Design

The first thing done in the implementation of the experiment is

to give the test to an untreated subject called pre-test (O1). After

obtained student data, then performed treatment (X) with market

simulation techniques. After the treatment on the subject, then student

do a test to measure the level of students' speaking ability after the

experiment variable (X). In the post-test will be obtained data from

experiments where the ability of students increased or no change at all.

Then the data is analyzed using a t-test. For more details can be Commented [G3]: Inserted: a

described as follows:

Figure .3.2. Research Steps

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Information :

1. O1 is a pre-test

2. X is a treatment

3. O2 is a post-test

4. Compare O1 and O2

5. The process of data analysis, using the t-test formula.

C. Population, Sample and Sampling Technique

1. Population

A population is an object determined by the researchers to

be used in research. Whereas, the population is a generalization

region consisting of: object/subject that has certain qualities and

characteristics set by the researcher to be studied in the research.

The population of this research is the eighth grade in SMPN 1

Jiwan. In that school, the eighth grade consists of eight classes.

There is A class until H class.

2. Sample

The sample is part of the population taken as a data source

and can represent the entire population. The sample is a

representative a population which be analyzed in this research.

Based on the population, the sample of this research is A class of

eighth grade in SMPN 1 Jiwan.

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3. Sampling Technique

Sampling technique is a technique to take the sample. The

researcher uses random sampling in this research. According to

Creswell (2010: 221) random sample is a probability sample in that

every polulation member has a nonzero probability of selcetion.

Random Sampling is a sampling technique where all individuals in

a population either individually or together are given the same

opportunity to be selected as a sample of research. In the random Commented [G4]: Inserted: the

sampling technique, the researcher no needs to think about the Commented [G5]: Inserted: the

differences in each population and have a significant effect on the

research result. The possible differences between members of the

population are the level of proficiency in English, gender, and age.

During the difference is not a factor that can affect the results of

research, the researchers can take a random sample. The population

is all of eight grade in SMPN 1 Jiwan. The researcher will take one Commented [G6]: Inserted: betwee

class as the sample for this research. Commented [G7]: Inserted: r

D. The Technique of Collecting Data

Data is a very necessary component and it is important in a

study. In this study, researchers get the data from the object of student

learning outcomes. researchers used the test as a way to get data about

students' speaking abilities. The test to be used by the researcher is pre-

test and post-test. Test conducted by the researchers in the form of

talking test in accordance with syllabus and materials in the

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implementation plan of learning. The researchers will perform tests in

sequence, the first researchers will do a pre-test. Researchers give the Commented [G8]: Inserted: the

speaking test in accordance with their usual test of speaking. Here the

researchers collected scores from the speaking test obtained by the

students. Furthermore, the researcher applies speaking learning using

market simulation technique which is adapted to the material in the

eighth grade. The next step the researchers do post-test and collect data

in the form of scores from the test. The instrument of the test that used

must be valid. The researcher will design a test that will be consulted

with the advisor. Commented [G9]: Inserted: h

Commented [G10]: Inserted: wi
E. Research Instruments Commented [G11]: Deleted:o

The instrument has an important role in research. The

instrument will give effect to the data obtained. The instrument used in

the experiment is expected to measure students' speaking ability. So, it

was a speaking test as the instrument for a way to collect data.

1. Speaking Test

The speaking test will be an individual test, in which the

teacher will assess the students' ability to speak during the

experiment, which is the market simulation technique. The

speaking test can be seen on Appendix 1.

The researcher applied the speaking test which students will

play a role in the market simulation as sellers and buyers, teachers Commented [G12]: Inserted: the
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provide limited instruction because they have to develop their own

speaking abilities. Afterward, the student practices a conversation. Commented [G13]: Deleted:s

Before using the test to the research sample, the researcher

applies the test to the students from another class. The researchers

tested the question to determine the readability of the question that

will be used to the research sample. The readability table can be

seen on Appedix 3

F. The Technique of Analyzing Data

The gained data were analyzed to obtain the final result. The

data was analyzed using SPSS. T-test formula was used in the research

to analyze the data. To analyze the data, researchers will use the

comparative technique. To know the effect, the researcher analyzed

and compare the score of students test before and after teaching by

using market simulation technique. To analyze experiment data using

data pretest and posttest one group design, then use the dependent t-

test. The data analysis technique used in this study are :

1. Test of Normality

The normality test is performed to test whether the samples

used in the study are normally distributed or not. In this study, the

researchers used the Liliefors method on SPSS 20. to test the Commented [G14]: Inserted: ,

normality using Liliefors with the following steps:

a. The test of data normality by using Liliefors test on SPSS

20 because the amount of the data is under fifty (<50) with

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select menu Analyze- Descriptive Statistics- Explore. Then, Commented [G15]: Inserted: t

after Explore window open, move the variable to

Dependent List column and click Plots. After Explore:

Plots open, give a check on Normality Plots With Test and Commented [G16]: Inserted: a
Commented [G17]: Deleted:l
Histogram

b. The statistical hypothesis of Lilliefors normality test using

is as follows:

H0: Data is normally distributed

H1: Data is not normally distributed

c. The Liliefors normality test criteria are the 5% significance

level (α= 0.05), the decision-making criteria are as follows: Commented [G18]: Inserted: are
Commented [G19]: Deleted:is
If the significance value is ≥0.05, then Ho is accepted.

If the significance value is ≤0.05, then Ho is rejected.

In addition, Budiyono (2009: 170) mentioned the normality test

procedure by using Liliefors test as follow:

a. The hypothesis

H0: Data is normally distributed

H1: Data is not normally distributed

b. The 5% significance level (α= 0.05)

c. The test statistics used is

L = Max | F(Zi) – S(Zi) |

With L = coefficient of Liliefors from observation

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𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅
Zi =
𝑆

With

F(Zi) = P (Z ≤ zi) for Z~ N(0,1)

S(Zi): proportion count Z ≤ zi against the whole zt, t {1,2, … 𝑛}

Xi : score of respondents to-i

d. The critical area (DK) = {𝐿𝑜𝑏𝑠 |𝐿𝑜𝑏𝑠 > 𝐹𝑎:𝑛 }; with n sample size

e. The decision test

Ho is rejected id 𝐿𝑜𝑏𝑠 are not located in the critical area

f. The Conclusion

1) The sample is from a normally distributed population if H0

is received.

2) The sample does not come from a normally distributed

population if H0 is rejected.

2. The Test of The Hypothesis Commented [G20]: Inserted: the

In this study, the researcher use dependent t-test to analyze Commented [G21]: Inserted: t
Commented [G22]: Inserted: r
whether or not there is any significant difference in terms of

speaking skills. In other words, the dependent t-test is used to

calculate the effectiveness of the treatment given to the subject.

This formula is used on subjects who have not received treatment

and after the subject receive treatment. Then, the results obtained

can show how the effects are derived from the treatment. The

researcher also uses SPSS 20. to analyze the data. Commented [G23]: Inserted: s
 27

Therefore, according to Ary et al ( 2010: 176), the t-test for

dependent samples must be used. The data to be measured by the

dependent t-test is the mean difference between the paired

score.Based on Ary et al (2010: 177) the formula of the test is as Commented [G24]: Inserted: -
Commented [G25]: Inserted: by
follow: Commented [G26]: Inserted: -
Commented [G27]: Inserted: ,
̅
𝐷
𝑡= Commented [G28]: Deleted:on
2
√∑ 𝐷2 − (∑ 𝐷)
𝑁
𝑁(𝑁 − 1)

Notes :

t = score of computation

̅ = average difference between pre-test and post-test

𝐷 Commented [G29]: Inserted: d
Commented [G30]: Deleted:d
∑ 𝐷2 = different score squared, the summed

(∑ 𝐷)2 = different score summed then squared

𝑁 = Subjects of sample