Name ____________KEY________________________Date __________ Pd ________

TEST REVIEW - GENETIC PROBLEMS

1. When an organism inherits 2 genes for a trait that are the same, this is termed
____homozygous_________.

2. The physical appearance of an organism is called the ___phenotype___.

3. Which of Mendel’s laws states that gene pairs separate when gametes are formed? __law__ of
__segregation______.

4. Segments of DNA that control a trait are called ____genes___.

5. The genetic makeup of an organism is called its __genotype_________.

6. When an organism inherits one dominant gene & one recessive gene for a trait, this is termed
____heterozygous__________.

7. A trait controlled by 3 or more alleles is called _multiple allele____________.

8. Another word for heterozygous is hybrid____.

9. The study of heredity is called genetics

10. Give an example of a trait in humans that is determined by multiple alleles: ____hair color___

11. Fill in the blanks in the table below, specifying which antigen and which antibodies are present with
each blood type.

BLOOD TYPE ANTIGEN ANTIBODY

A A B
B B A
AB A,B NONE
O NONE A,B

12. Fill in the blanks in the table below on transfusions.

BLOOD TYPE CAN RECEIVE CAN BE GIVEN TO

A A,O A
B B,O B
AB A,B,AB,O AB
O O A,B,AB,O

13. What determines blood type? ANTIGEN

14. Which blood type is the universal donor? _O___

 15. Which type is the universal recipient? ___AB_____

16. The genotypes for a person with blood type A are __iAiA__ & iAi

17. The genotype for a person with blood type O is __ii_____; the genotype for a person with blood type
AB is __ iAiB________.

18. The genotypes for a person with blood type B are __ iBiB ____________ & ____ iBi ___________.

19. A man who is homozygous for blood type A marries a woman with blood type O. What blood types are
possible in this couple’s children?

______ iAiA x ii_______________________________

(Equation)

iAi gr _________DO NOT DO__________________________________

A
i i
pr __________100% A type blood__________________________________
iAi
iAi

20. A man with blood type B, whose mother was blood type O, marries a woman with blood type AB. What
blood types are possible in this couple’s children?

_____iBi x iAiB________________________
(Equation)
iB i

iA gr ____________Do not do
iAiB iAi
pr ________50% B, 25% AB, 25% A_____________________________
iB iBiB iBi
Polygenic Traits

21. The inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by many (2 or more genes) with a wide range of possible traits
in the offspring is __polygenic_______________.

22. List 3 traits in humans that are controlled by polygenic inheritance: height, hair color, eye color
23. In Dinosaurs, height is controlled by more than one pair of genes. We can symbolize the genes as A, B, C,
D, & E. Brachiosaurus is homozygous dominant for every gene and was 17 meters tall. The smallest dinosaur
was 2 meters tall. Answer the following questions.

a. How many meters does each dominant allele add to the height of a dinosaur?
17-2=15/10=1.5 meters for every dominant allele
b. How tall are each of the following dinosaurs:

T-rex: AABBCCDdEe- 14 meters

Triceratops: AABbccddee- 6.5 meters

24. In plants, height is controlled by more than one pair of genes. We can symbolize the genes as
L, M, & N. A plant of intermediate height (10 cm) would have 3 dominant & 3 recessive alleles, and may be
written as LlMmNn, llMMNn or any combination thereof. Each extra dominant allele adds 2 cm to the total
height of the plant.

a.Write the genotype of a plant that is 14 cm tall.

LLMMNn
b. Write the genotype of a plant that is 6 cm tall
Llmmnn

Sex-linked

25. Traits that are determined by genes on the sex chromosomes are called ___X-linked or sex linked____ traits.
The chromosome that the genes are usually found on is the ___X chromosome_________.

26. The 23rd pair of chromosomes that differ in males & females are called ____sex chromosomes_______.

27. The sex chromosomes for a male are __XY_;The sex chromosomes for a female are __XX___.

28. Why are more males born with hemophilia or any sex-linked trait?
They only have one X chromosome so only need one recessive allele to have the trait.

29. Since color-blindness is carried on the X chromosome, a mother who is a carrier can pass the gene to:
a. All of her daughters
b. 50 % of her daughters
c. All of her sons
d. 50 % of her sons
e. Both b & d

30. A color-blind father cannot pass the color-blind gene to:

a. his daughters
b. his sons
c. any of his children
 31. What are the genotypes of the following:

Man with hemophilia: _XhY_____ Normal Male: _XHY____

Carrier Female: __XHXh______ Normal Female: __XHXH___

Female with hemophilia: ___XhXh_____

32. Hemophilia is a blood disorder that prevents clotting. It is a recessive, sex-linked trait. If the mother is a
completely healthy for the disease and the father is a hemophiliac, complete the following questions:

a. Cross them and show their punnett square.

______ XHXH x XhY ______________

(Equation)
XH XH

gr ______Do not do_____________

Xh
XHXh XHXh pr _____do not do____________________

XHY XHY

b. What is the probability that the child will NOT have hemophilia? 100%_

c. What is the probability that a child will be affected? 0%_

33. One form of colorblindness in humans is caused by a sex-linked recessive gene. A woman with normal
color vision and whose father was color blind marries a man of normal vision whose father was also color blind.

____ XHXh x XHY_____________________

(Equation)

XH Xh

XH
XHXH XHXh

gr ___Do not do____________

H h
Y X Y XY
pr __Do not do________________________

a. What proportion of their offspring will be color blind? (give your answer separately for males and
females) ____Females- 0%, Males- 50%_______________________________
Pedigrees
34. Fill out the Chart

Symbol Meaning

Normal female

Normal male

Affected female

Affected male

Normal female

Normal male

Married couple

Answer the following questions about the sex-linked pedigree. The sex-linked trait is Hemophilia.

35. Is this trait dominant or recessive? ___recessive_____

36. How many males have the trait? _3_

37. How many females have the trait? _2__

38. List the genotypes of each individual in the pedigree.

Remember this trait is sex-linked!

Individual Genotype
I-1 XHY
I-2 Xh Xh
II-1 XHXh
II-2 XHXh
II-3 XHY
III-1 XHY
III-2 XHX?
III-3 Xh Y
III-4 XHXh
IV-1 Xh Y
IV-2 XHXh
IV-3 Xh Y
IV-4 Xh Xh
IV-5 XHY
IV-6 XHY
IV-7 XHXh

39. Is the trait dominant or recessive? ___Recessive__

40. Write the genotype for each individual (use a letter of your choice)

Individua
l Genotype
I-1 XnXn
I-2 XNX?
II-1 XNXn
II-2 XNXn
II-3 XNXn
II-4 XNX?
III-1 XNXn
III-2 XNXn
III-3 XNX?
IV-1 XnXn
IV-2 XNX?
IV-3 XnXn
IV-4 XNX?

41. How is individual II-3(male) related to the individual IV-1(female)?

Father and daughter