(Please Note: While adding please do not put numbers to the questions as at a time

many people are accessing. Put bullets or caps 'Q' instead of numbering)

Descriptive questions
General interview questions.
Computer Networks
1) What is the scope of computer networks?
2) Why Layers in networks?
3) Why some systems use OSI layers and others use TCP/IP layers ?
4) What are the necessary things needed for a dumb system to communicate to the
external world?
5) What is the size of MAC, IPv4 and IPv6?
6) What happens when collision happens in Ethernet? (Related to transmission time)
7) What topology is normally employed in Ethernet?

Computer Networks (Wireless Networks)

1) If you are asked to design a network for a campus what are the requirements?
2) Should we go for wireless networks or wired networks? And when?
3) If it is wireless networks, will you go for free licensed?
4) If free licensed, what are all the challenges? and how to overcome ?
5) Name some protocols which comes in free licensed?
6) As a student of IIIT B , can you please tell which data structure is used in routing
algorithm ?
7) If you are connected to both Wi-Fi and Ethernet cable in the lab ..the
communication will be through wi-fi or LAN ?

Computer Networks (Difference question)

1) Router , Bridge , Hub and Switch
2) TDMA , FDMA , CDMA
3) Packet Switching and Circuit Switching
4) Wireless Networks and Wireless Communication
5) UDP and TCP
6) Wired and Wireless
7) WiFi and WiMax
8) WiFi and Bluetooth

Computer Networks (IMS)

1) What is IMS?
2) Why IMS?
3) Difference between IMS and 3G?
4) Architecture of IMS ?

Networked Systems (Ritesh) All these are actual questions asked in various companies
to me or my friends (Alcatel lucent, Motorola, Samsung etc)
1) How do routers share buffers for individual connections?
2) What are frame buffers? Explain the Linux implementation of frame buffers?
3) What is DBus? Explain a scenario where you might use it?
4) Can you change the transmit power of your wireless card without restarting it ?
5) Explain any of your experiences in using/configuring or developing a network stack?
6) Explain the differences between network virtualization/ desktop virtualization/server
virtualization?
7) Explain what are sockets? If you have a circuit switched network between two end
hosts, what might compose your equivalent of sockets?
8) Why is TCP/IP known as TCP/IP? Why don't we have UDP/IP even though TCP and
UDP are built over IP?

Digital Communication
 1) Why digital communication?
2) What is the principle behind sampling? How will you explain in lay-man
terms?
3) If number of samples is high we can get perfect information and if the
number of samples is less it is difficult to retrieve the information? How will
you optimize sampling rate ?
4) What is source coding and why?
5) What is channel coding and why?
6) Channel coding introduces extra bits which is a trade off ? Will you
accept the trade off ?
7) What are the source coding you know and which one is better and
practically used ?
8) What are the channel coding you know and which one Is better and
practically used ?
9) What is modulation ? and Why ?
10) What is bandwidth ?
11) Is bandwidth and data rate are same ?
12) If signal to noise ratio is 1 can we retrieve the information properly ?
13) What is a filter ?
14) What is MIMO and why ?
Digital Signal Processing
1) What is Fourier Transform ?
2) Why we are going for frequency domain ?
3) What is Z-Transform ?
4) We have Fourier transform why are we going for other transforms ?
5) What time-frequency transform do you know ?
6) What are wavelets?
7) Name few algorithms in image processing ?
8) What is 2D Fourier transforms used for images ?
9) What is statistical signal processing ?
10) What is multi rate signal processing ?
11) Why IIR when FIR is there ?
12)A file is transferred from one location to another in 'buckets'. The size of the bucket is
10 kilobytes. Each bucket gets filled at the rate of 0.0001 kilobytes per millisecond. The
transmission time from sender to receiver is 10 milliseconds per bucket. After the receipt
of the bucket the receiver sends an acknowledgement that reaches sender in 100
milliseconds. Assuming no error during transmission, write a formula to calculate the
time taken in seconds to successfully complete the transfer of a file of size N kilobytes.

Computer Science

(These questions were asked in interview (Deepak))

1) If I give you an array with only ones and zeroes and ask you to sort it, how can you
do it efficiently? (Unisys)
2) I want to make a game where there are two balls moving and when they hit each
other the one hitting
the other wins. You can make your rules. Tell how you will go about implementing
this simple game? (Cisco)
3) What is the difference between clustering and classification? (Infosys )
4) Complexity of DFS and BFS. When do you use which? (Unisys)
5) How does simplex method work? Explain. (Unisys)
6) I have a game which has very intensive graphics. I do not want to reduce its quality.
Also the game
is very complex with lots of computation needed and lots of data required. Now I want to
convert it into a
multiplayer-game over internet. What are the challenges I will face? How should I go
about solving it? (Infosys)
7) Are you aware of A* search , Support Vector Machine, C4.5, Adaboost algorithms?
(Unisys)

C and Data Structures

Stacks and queues: (Sidharth Kashyap)

• Propose a data structure which supports the stack Push and Pop operations and a third
operation FindMin,which returns the smallest element in the data strucuture all in O(1) worst
case time.
• A general question which can be modified to suit the needs.
◦ Given a string S
◦ S contains the list of operations - for eg:
ppppppppxxxxxxxxxxxxxxppppppppppxxxx where p denotes a push
operation and x denotes a pop
◦ Formulate a rule to find if the given string is legal or not.
• Explain stack overflow
• How will you find if a stack is growing or reducing in a program
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of implementing stack/queue with
array versus linked list
• How would you implement a queue if the elements in the queue are arbitrary
length strings?
• How can you implement storing N Stacks in one Array ?
• Implement Queue using only Stack data structures.
• Use stack to eliminate recursion from following code:

int _cmb(int n, int m)

{
if ((n<1) || (m<0) || (n
if ((n==1) || (m==0) || (n==m))
{
return 1;
}
else
return _cmb(n-1,m)+_cmb(n-1,m-1);
}
• What are the types of queues (circular,priority etc ..) and explain one application
of each.
• Is stack/ queue a linear/primitive data structure
• Explain the use of stack in recursion
• Explain the use of stack in function calls
• How will you identify stack overflow
• Explain stack frames
• Ans) The block of information stored on the stack to effect a procedure call and
return is called the stack frame. In general, the stack frame for a procedure
contains all necessary information to save and restore the state of a procedure.
•

Q) Reversing a linked list in one traversal. (Vishal)

Ans)
/*****For first node*****/
p0, p1, p2 be three pointers.
p0, p1, p2 = head (pointing to the first node)

p1 = p1->next;
p2 = p2->next;
p2 = p2->next;
p1->next=p0;
p0->next=Null;
p0=p2;
p2=p2->next;
p0->next=p1;
p1=p2;
p2=p2->next;

/*****For Remaining nodes*****/

p1->next=p0;
p0=p2;
if(p2->next != Null)
{
p2 = p2->next;
}
p0->next=p1;
p1=p2;
if(p2->next != Null)
{
p2 = p2->next;
}

Q) Reversing a linked list using less than 3 pointers in a single pass. (Manish)
Q) Given a BST and a node value, find the mirror node of the node containing that value.
(Manish)
Q) Given a tree, verify if the same is a binary search tree. (Manish)
Q) To find if there is a loop in a singly linked list (Not circular). (Manish)
Q) To find the number of nodes at the same level in a binary tree and also print them.
(Manish)
Q) To find the nearest ancestor of 2 nodes in a binary tree. (Manish)
Q) To find the depth of a given binary tree. (Manish)
Q) To find the depth at which a given node is in a binary tree. (Manish)
Q) To find the smallest/largest element(s) in a binary tree. (Manish)
Q) To implement a circular linked list. (Manish)
Q)Find the nth node from last node in a single linked list in single iteration (vinoth)
Q)Find the center of a single linked list in single iteration(vinoth)
Q)Can linked list be implemented in java (vinoth)
Q)how to find 5th largest no. in N array with less complexity.(rashmi singh)
Q) Why B+ Trees are preferred for indexing ? Compare B and B+ trees
Q) Swap two integer values using bitwise operator.
Ans: #include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=5,b=6;
a =a^b;
b=a^b;
a=a^b;
printf("%d",a);
printf("%d",b);
} (Vinodth)
Q) What is the result of 5<<5 (left shift operator).
Q) What is the result of 160>>5 (Right shift operator).
Q) Write a program that shows "Call by Reference".
Q) Turing machine's computational model (infinite memory assumption)
Q) JAVA Class Cast Exception (scenario)

Ans)

Q)
main( )
{
int a[ ] = {10,20,30,40,50},j,*p;
for(j=0; j<5; j++)
{
printf(“%d” ,*a);
a++;
}
p = a;
for(j=0; j<5; j++)
{
printf(“%d ” ,*p);
p++;
}
}
what will be the output?(Give explanation)

Ans) Output after compilation

fileone.c: In function `main':

fileone.c:10: error: wrong type argument to increment

Explanation : the stray error has come because when you copy from this sheet to local editor
the double "" change. Look closely into the printf statement in your editor. Also this code will
give compile time error because you cant do a++. (Manish)

Q. which bitwise operator is suitable for checking whether a bit is on or off?(Amartya)

Q. Does there exist any way to make the command line arguments available to other
functions without passing them as arguments to the function?(Amartya)
Q. Are the variables argv and argc is local to main()?(Amartya)
Ans: Yes, argv and argc are local to main(). Because any variables that were parameters
of a function were confined to that function.
Q. Similarity between structure, union, enumeration?(Amartya)
Q The format specifier "-%d" id used for which purpose in C
a Left justifying a string
b Right justifying a string
c Removing string from the console
d Used for the scope specification of a char[] variable
Q. In header files whether functions are declared or defined?
Q. What is a static identifier?
Q. Advantage of using register variables.
Q what are auto and volatile variables? where are they stored?
Q Which is faster memory Heap or Stack? Why? (TLL )
Q Scope and storage allocation of global, extern, static, local and register variables?
Q Write down the equivalent pointer expression for referring the same element
a[i][j][k][l]?
Q is null pointer an uninitialized pointer?
Ans: A null pointer doesn't point to any address, whereas an uninitialized pointer points
to some address.
Q what do the c and v in argc and argv stand for?
Q Find the 5th smallest node in a bst (Adobe)
Q FInd if two given bst are same or not(Adobe)
Q how do u reverse a double linked list?

OOPS concepts and Java/C++

Q) What is serialisation in java?

Q) How can you sort an object list in java?
Q) Does java uses both pass by value/pass by reference?
Q) Where do you use finally in java?
Q) How java achieves platform independence?
Q) Name different types of collections available in java?(ArrayList, TreeSet, HashMap,
LinkedList, HashSet, LinkedHashMap)
Q) What are different kinds of layouts in java?
Q) How can you sort object list in java without implementing comparable interface?
Q) What are two different ways of sorting object list in java?
Q) Can a class of objects stored in List (eg: myArrayList) implement both Comparable
and Comparator?
Q) If a class of objects stored in List (eg: myArrayList) implements "Comparable"
interface, What is the method that must be implemented?
Q) What does a Thread.sleep() method forces a thread?
Q) What are the three different states where a thread can exist?
Q) How can you optimize a FileReader or a FileWriter?
Q) A BufferedReader or a BufferedWriter can be used as?
Q) What is the class that is used to save serialized objects?
Q) Does a constructor runs when an object related to that constructor is deserialized?
Why?
Q) What are different access modifiers in Java?
Q) What is the difference between Default and Protected?
Q) A Java class shows the behavior of the Object (T/F)?
Q) How do you save an object state?
Q) What is Chaining in Java?
Q) What lets you write objects and what lets you read objects?
Q) What is a static block?
Q) If you declare a method static, In how many ways you can access that method?
Q) What is "Deadly Diamond of Death"?
Q) How Java is faster than C?
Q) Can a finally block exist without a try block?
Q) What happens when a constructor of a class is declared as Private?
Q) What is encapsulation and why do you want to use it?
Q) By default all variables inside a class are declared as private (T/F).
Q) What are the advantages of using a inner class?
Q) When do you use an inner class?
Q) Can you declare a class static?
Q) What happens when you declare a class final.
Q) Can an inner class can access all the private instance variables of an outer class?
Q) Does Jvm use any specific scheduling algorithm for scheduling threads?
Q)
Q) Write the code for Linked list in java.
Q) How can you read the data from a client's system from your J2EE based web
application.
Q) Write the code for singleton pattern.
Q) Suppose you have two databases, say DB1 and DB2. How can you choose a database
at runtime according to some input given by the user of the system.
Q) Explain access specifiers in terms of Java packages.

J2EE ( cisco -- Mamta )

Q. Explain the architecture of a web server.
Q. What is a web container
Q. What is Inversion of Control
Q. What is so important about MVC architecture.
Q. What is the difference between JSP and servlet, why do people use JSP if it spoils
separation of concern design principle .
Q. Explain the process of compilation of a servlet in a web server and also trace all the
steps that happens when a servlet is called.
Q.what else other than a web server can you use ( commonly available ) to get the same
functionality that a web server gives.

Algorithms:
Q. Given the head pointer to a singly linked list with a loop or cycle in it. If you were to
walk this list you never arrive at the end or the tail of the linked list. Find whether the
list contains a loop in O(n) time and space complexity.(Amartya)

OS and Systems Concepts

Q. Which of the following memories has the shortest access time?
a. Cache memory b. Magnetic bubble memory c. Magnetic core memory d. RAM
Q A shift register can be used for
a. parallel to serial conv b. serial to parallel conv c. Digital delay line d. All of the
above
Q In which of the following page replacement policies, Belady's anomaly occurs?
a. (correct option) FIFO b. LRU c. LFU d. NRU
Q In a processor there are 120 instructions. Bits needed to implement this instructions
a. 6 b. 7 c. 10 d. noneddd
Ans: b. (7 bits are needed).(Need Explanation)

2^7 = 128 > 120.

Q Virtual memory size depends on

a. address lines b. data bus c disc space d (a&c) e none
Ans:
Q A 12 address line maps to the memory of
a. 1KB b 0.5KB c 2KB d none
Ans:
Q In a compiler there is 36bits for a word and to store a character 8bits are needed. In
this to store a character, two words are appended. Then for storing a K character string
how many words are needed.
a 2K/9 b (2K+8)/9 c (K+8)/9 d 2*(K+8)/9 e none
Q Bankers algorithm for resource allocation deals with
a Deadlock prev b. Deadlk avoidn c. Deadlk reco d none
Q Thrashing can be avoided if
a The pages belonging to the working set of the programs, are in main memory.
b The speed of CPU is increased.
c The speed of I/O processor are increased.
d All
Q If the time quantum is too large, Round Robin scheduling degenarates to
a SJF b FCFS c Multilevel Queue scheduling d none

Data base
Q. Subschema can be used to
a. Create very different, personalized views of the same data
b. Present info in different formats.
c. Hide sensitive info by ommiting fields from the sub-schema's desc.
 d all of the above.
APTITUDE

1. Eight friends Harsha, Fakis, Balaji, Eswar, Dhinesh, Chandra, Geetha, and Ahmed are
(Amartya)
sitting in a circle facing the center. Balaji is sitting between Geetha and Dhinesh. Harsha
is
third to the left of Balaji and second to the right of Ahmed. Chandra is sitting between
Ahmed
and Geetha and Balaji and Eshwar are not sitting opposite to each other. Who is third to
the
left of Dhinesh?
2. (Adobe Puzzle) John is undecided which of the four novels to buy. He is considering
a spy (Amartya)
thriller, a Murder mystery, a Gothic romance and a science fiction novel. The books are
written by Rothko, Gorky, Burchfield and Hopper , not necessary in that order, and
published by
Heron, Piegon, Blueja and sparrow, not necessary in that order.
(1) The book by Rothko is published by Sparrow.
(2) The Spy thriller is published by Heron.
(3) The science fiction novel is by Burchfield and is not published by Blueja.
(4)The Gothic romance is by Hopper.
q1. Pigeon publishes ____________.
q2. The novel by Gorky ________________.
q3. John purchases books by the authors whose names come first and third in
alphabetical
order. He does not buy the books ¬¬______.
q4. On the basis of the first paragraph and statement (2), (3) and (4) only, it is possible
to
deduce that
1. Rothko wrote the murder mystery or the spy thriller
2. Sparrow published the murder mystery or the spy thriller
3. The book by Burchfield is published by Sparrow.

3)It was calculated that 75 men could complete a piece of work in 20 days. When work
was scheduled to commence, it was found necessary to send 25 men to another
project.
How much longer will it take to complete the work?
4) A dishonest shopkeeper professes to sell pulses at the cost price, but he uses a false
weight of 950gm. for a kg. His gain is ...%.?
5) A software engineer has the capability of thinking 100 lines of code in five minutes
and can type 100 lines of code in 10minutes. He takes a break for five minutes after
every ten
minutes. How many lines of codes will he complete typing after an hour?
6) A tennis marker is trying to put together a team of four players for a tennis
tournament out
of seven available. males – a, b and c; females – m, n, o and p. All players are of equal
ability
and there must be at least two males in the team. For a team of four, all players must
be able
to play with each other under the following restrictions:
b should not play with m,
c should not play with p, and
a should not play with o.
Which of the following statements must be false?
1. b and p cannot be selected together
2. c and o cannot be selected together
3. c and n cannot be selected together
Q.
1. Ashland is north of East Liverpool and west of Coshocton.
2. Bowling green is north of Ashland and west of Fredericktown.
3. Dover is south and east of Ashland.
4. East Liverpool is north of Fredericktown and east of Dover.
5. Fredericktown is north of Dover and west of Ashland.
6. Coshocton is south of Fredericktown and west of Dover.
Q. Which of the towns mentioned is furthest of the north – west
(a) Ashland (b) Bowling green (c) Coshocton
(d) East Liverpool (e) Fredericktown
Q. Which of the following must be both north and east of Fredericktown?
(a) Ashland (b) Coshocton (c) East Liverpool
I a only II b only III c only IV a & b V a & c
Q. Which of the following towns must be situated both south and west of at least one
other
town?
A. Ashland only
B. Ashland and Fredericktown
C. Dover and Fredericktown
D. Dover, Coshocton and Fredericktown
E. Coshocton, Dover and East Liverpool.
Q. Which of the following statements, if true, would make the information in the
numbered
statements more specific?
(a) Coshocton is north of Dover.
(b) East Liverpool is north of Dover
(c) Ashland is east of Bowling green.
(d) Coshocton is east of Fredericktown
(e) Bowling green is north of Fredericktown
Q. Which of the numbered statements gives information that can be deduced from one
or more
of the other statements?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 6
Q. My flight takes of at 2am from a place at 18N 10E and landed 10 Hrs later at a place
with coordinates 36N70W. What is the local time when my plane landed?
a)6:00 am b) 6:40am c) 7:40 d) 7:00 e) 8:00
Q. A fisherman's day is rated as good if he catches 9 fishes, fair if 7 fishes and bad if 5
fishes. He catches 53 fishes in a week n had all good, fair n bad days in the week. So
how many good, fair n bad days did the fisher man had in the week
Q. Three companies are working independently and receiving the savings 20%, 30%,
40%. If the companies work combinely, what will be their net savings?
Q. The ratio of incomes of C and D is 3:4.the ratio of their expenditures is 4:5. Find the
ratio of their savings if the savings of C is one fourths of his income?
Q.The size of a program is N. And the memory occupied by the program is given by M =
square root of 100N. If the size of the program is increased by 1% then how much
memory now occupied ?
Q.A bus started from bustand at 8.00a m and after 30 min staying at destination, it
returned back to the bustand. the destination is 27 miles from the bustand. the speed of
the bus 50 percent fast speed. at what time it returns to the bustand
Q.A person who decided to go weekend trip should not exceed 8 hours driving in a day
average speed of forward journey is 40 mph due to traffic in Sundays the return journey
average speed is 30 mph. How far he can select a picnic spot.
Q.Low temperature at the night in a city is 1/3 more than 1/2 hinge as higher
temperature in a day. Sum of the low temp and high temp is 100 c. then what is the low
temp.
Q.In a company 30% are supervisors and 40% employees are male if 60% of
supervisors are male. What is the probability? That a randomly chosen employee is a
male or female?
Q.If A speaks the truth 80% of the times, B speaks the truth 60% of the times. What is
the probability that they tell the truth at the same time
a) 0.8 b) 0.48 c) 0.6 d) 0.14
Q If "PROMPT" is coded as QSPLOS ,then "PLAYER" should be
a) QMBZFS b) QWMFDW c) QUREXM d) URESTI
Q If in a certain code "RANGE" is coded as 12345 and "RANDOM" is coded as 123678.
Then the code for the word "MANGO" would be
a) 82357 b) 89343 c) 84629 d) 82347
Q. A car is moving in uniform speed. It crosses a milestone having two digits. After 1hr it
crosses another milestone containing the same two digits in reverse order. After another
1hr it could see the next mile stone having the same two digits with a zero inbetween.
What is the average speed of the car? (GTNexus)
Q. The total expense of a boarding house are partly fixed and partly variable with the
number of boarders. The charge is Rs.70 per head when there are 25 boarders and
Rs.60 when there are 50 boarders. Find the charge per head when there are 100
boarders.
Q.There are two numbers in the ratio 8:9. if the smaller of the two numbers is increased
by 12 and the larger number is reduced by 19 thee the ratio of the two numbers is 5:9.
Find the larger number?
Q.There are three different boxes A, B and C. Difference between weights of A and B is 3
kgs. And between B and C is 5 kgs. Then what is the maximum sum of the differences of
all possible combinations when two boxes are taken each time
Q.A and B are shooters and having their exam. A and B fall short of 10 and 2 shots
respectively to the qualifying mark. If each of them fired atleast one shot and even by
adding their total score together, they fall short of the qualifying mark, what is the
qualifying mark?
Q.Anand finishes a work in 7 days, Bittu finishes the same job in 8 days and Chandu in 6
days. They take turns to finish the work. Anand on the first day, Bittu on the second and
Chandu on the third day and then Anand again and so on. On which day will the work
get over?
Q. 1, 8, 9, 64, 25 next in sereis ?
Answer : 216 Explanation : 1^2, 2^3, 3^2, 4^3, 5^2, 6^3

Some general pointers that might help (Shailesh)

---------------------------------------------
Understand the question.
-- This is the most important step in problem solving. more than 50% of the problem
is solved if one understands the question right
The best way to understand the question is with examples. Drawing also helps a
lot. If you find the question still unclear, ask
the right questions to clarify is next step. Sometimes questions are deliberately
vague to see if the interviewee asks the right questions.
Think aloud while you are solving the problem.
--- This helps the interviewer understand your thought process. Also , interviewer
might also help you if you are going in wrong direction by
giving suitable hints.
Never give up solving the problem.
Even if you don't succeed never give up solving.

Be excited when you are asked questions.

Show interest and speak with passion about any question that are asked.
After trying out a lot ,if you don't answer don't get disappointed.

If you were thinking aloud and using the hints and you did come close to solution, that
might have itself made a good impact.

Always thank the interviewer once the interview is over.

Do tell him it was a wonderful learning experience

When you speak about your projects, speak with a lot of interest and passion. And tell
how exciting it was to work on this and what you did.

Interview is not about deciding who is best or who is knowledgeable or vice versa. It is
just about deciding whether one is the best fit.

Knowing about one's weakness is the first step in working towards it.

*******************