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Centripetal Force
A curved path requires an inward pull.
centripetal force: the force needed to make an object follow a curved path
Centripetal Acceleration
*It produces a change in direction without a change in speed.
For object’s experiencing circular motion, the acceleration that is the result
of an the object's change in velocity is called centripetal acceleration and
it points toward the center of the object's circular path.
ac = v2/r
Circular Motion
An object can be traveling at a constant speed and still be accelerating.
Remember that acceleration is a vector quantity so if you change
direction you accelerate.
Angular Speed
If a rotation body turns through the angle (distance)θ in the time t, its
average angular speed (ω) is ω = θ/t this is analogous to v=d/t
units = rad/s
commonly you will here ω referred to in revolutions/sec or revolutions/min
so s = vt
recall θ = s/r
so θ = vt/r
recall ω = θ/t
so ω = (vt/r)/t = vt/rt =v/r
ω = v/r
Angular Acceleration
** the formulas for acceleration (rotational) are analogous to linear
acceleration
angular acceleration (α) is the change in angular speed over time
α = Δω/Δt units are rad/s2
the formulas for linear motion are analogous to the kinetic formulas for
rotation
Linear Angular
2
d = vot + ½ at θ = ωot + ½αt2
v2 = vo2 + 2 ad ω2 = ωo2 +2α θ
vavg = (vo + v)/2 ωavg = (ωo + ω)/2
vavg = d/t ωavg = θ /t
a = (vo - v)/t α = (ωo - ω)/t
Centripetal Force
*any force that causes an object to follow a circular path is called a
centripetal force
Picture a ball being spun on a rope. the velocity is always tangent to the
curved path so the force is always toward the center. To get the ball to
curve you pull it toward center.
Centripetal force acts whenever rotational motion occurs.
Applications
1) Gravitation force provides the centripetal force that keeps bodies in
orbit
2) When a car goes around a bend the sideways friction between the
tires and the road provide centripetal force. If friction isn't great enough
the car slides sideways
Fc = mv2/r = (1200kg)(7m/s)2
40m
Fc =1470 N
Assuming the road is level, find the minimum coefficient of static friction
between the car's tires and the road that will permit the turn to be made.
Frictional force is given by:
Ff = µFN FN = the car's weight = mg = 1200kg(9.8m/s2) = 11760N
Ff = 1470N (Fc )
µ = Ff/FN = 1470N / 11760N = 0.125
The coefficient of friction does not depend on the car's mass since,
µ = Ff = Fc = mv2/r = v2/r = v2
FN FN mg g gr
(1) When a washing machine goes into the spin cycle, what happens?
The tub rotates at high speed. The tub exerts a centripetal force inward
on the clothes, however, it seems like the the water is pushed out. But
nothing actually pushes out – The tub pushes in on the clothes, but the
holes in the tub prevent the tub from exerting the same force on the water.