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• Consumer risks
• Chemical risks
• Biological risks
• Personal risks
• Physical risks
2. As a country transitions from a poor, developing country to a more affluent, developed country
its health risks for disease change. Which of the following best represents the change in risk
The initial challenges are obesity and poor sanitation, which change to high blood pressure
•
and poor nutrition
The initial challenges are poor sanitation and sedentary lifestyles, which change to poor
•
indoor air quality and obesity.
The initial challenges are sedentary lifestyles and poor nutrition, which change to high blood
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pressure and poor urban air quality.
The initial challenges are malnutrition and poor sanitation, which change to high
•
blood pressure and obesity.
The initial challenges are malnutrition and availability of tobacco, which change to poor
•
nutrition and poor sanitation.
3. Individuals living on the Japanese islands must live with constant geologic activity in the form of
earthquakes and volcanoes. These people face what type of risk to human health on a daily basis?
• Physical risk
• Parasite risk
• Biological risk
• Biochemical risk
•
Chemical risk
• Cholera
• Tuberculosis
• Plague
• Swine Flu
• Hepatitis
5. Which virus likely spread to humans when hunters butchered and ate chimpanzees?
• H1N1
• Hantavirus
• Ebola virus
• HIV
• Human Monkey Pox
6. Individuals living near the Republic of Congo in Africa face an extreme biological risk. If infected
with this risk, they face a 50 to 90% chance of death due to fever, vomiting, and sometimes
• HIV/AIDS
• the Ebola virus
• dengue fever
• malaria
• human monkey pox
7. The disease that led to the destruction of hundreds of thousands of cows world-wide and
8. An advancement in medical research allows individuals infected with HIV/AIDS to lead longer
lives due to
by mosquitoes is
• Plasmodium
• The Avian Flu virus
• The West Nile virus
• The Ebola virus
• Yersinia pestis
10. Use Figure 17-1. In 2009, the greatest increase in the number of women newly infected with
HIV occurred in
• Asia
• sub-Saharan Africa
• Central and South America
• North America and Western and Central Europe
• Caribbean
11. Use Figure 17-1. in 2009, the number of newly HIV-infected individuals worldwide was
approximately
• 200,000
• 1,300,000
• 1,700,000
• 2,600,000
• 26,000,000
12. Use Figure 17-1. In 2009, the percentage of newly HIV-infected individuals who lived in North
• 0.25%
• 1%
• 4%
• 8.5%
• 10%
13. Most insecticides are highly effective due to their ability to impair nerve transmission in insects.
• teratogens
• allergens
• neurotoxins
• endocrine disrupters
• carcinogens
• asbestos
• lead
• atrazine
• thalidomide
• DDT
15. Use Table 17-2. Which risk factor is higher for the overall population than it is for high-income
individuals?
• alcohol use
• illicit drugs
• tobacco use
• All of the factors are higher for the overall population than for high-income
None of the risk factors are higher for the overall population than for high-income
•
individuals.
16. Use Figure 17-2. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the use of tobacco
Individuals in developed countries of North America do not readily use tobacco while
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individuals in the developing countries of Africa do.
Developed countries of North america have high rates of death related to tobacco use while
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developing countries of Africa do not.
Developing countries of North America have high rates of death related to tobacco
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use while developed countries of Africa do not.
Developed countries of North America have one half as many tobacco related deaths as
•
those of developing countries of Africa
There is no difference between the deaths attributed to tobacco use of the developed
•
countries of North America and the developing countries of Africa
17. The teratogen used in the 1950s and 1960s to treat morning sickness in pregnant women was
the drug
• estrogen
• atrazine
• phthalate
• thalidomide
• testosterone
• formaldehyde
• asbestos
• vinyl chloride
• phthalates
• PCBs
I. Dose-response studies
• I only
• II only
• I and III only
• II and III only
• I, II, and III
20. Use Figure 17-4. The threshold of the hypothetical chemical is approximately
• 1 hypothetical unit
• 3 hypothetical units
• 5.5 hypothetical units
• 8 hypothetical units
• 10 hypothetical units
21. Use Figure 17-4. The LD50 of the hypothetical chemical is approximately
• 3 hypothetical units
• 4.5 hypothetical units
• 5.5 hypothetical units
• 7 hypothetical units
• 10 hypothetical units
22. Use Figure 17-4. The point on the curve where the two dashed lines intersect represents all of
23. The US legislation that provides for the regulation of many chemicals by the EPA, not including
24. A study was conducted on a new herbicide and the ED50 for mice was determined to be 40
mg/kg. What would be the concentration deemed "safe for humans" by the EPA?
• 40 mg/kg
• 20 mg/kg
• 4 mg/kg
• 0.2 mg/kg
• 0.04 mg/kg (correct answer)
25. A study focusing on the long term effects of a chemical on the reproduction of trout would be
categorized as a/n
• prospective study
• chronic study
• ED50 study
• acute study
• retrospective study
26. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl in 1986 has provided scientists with data on the effects of
radiation on humans. This study of radiation sickness and thyroid cancers would be best
classified as a/n
• retrospective study
• chronic study
• acute study
• prospective study
• LD50 study
27. Asbestos exposure is more dangerous to individuals who smoke cigarettes. This is due to
28. In an estuary a zooplankton consumes a phytoplankton with a small globule of PCBs attached to
it. A fish consumes the zooplankton as well as many other zooplankton. A larger fish consumes
the small fish and then a gull consumes the larger fish. The increased concentration of the
• biomagnification
• bioaccumulation
• synergistic properties
• PCB persistance
• synergistic interactions
29. Which of the following represents an environmental hazard?
I. UV radiation
II. pregnancy
III. arsenic
• I
• III
• I and II
• I and III
• I, II, and III
30. When a chemical manufacturing company develops a chemical, extensively tests it, discovers it
• precautionary principle
• actual risk probability principle
• risk management principle
• risk assessment and management principle
• innocent-until-proven-guilty principle
31. Which international agreement placed restriction on a list of 12 chemicals, known as "the dirty
dozen?"
• bubonic plague
• malaria
• ebola
• mad cow disease
• tuberculosis