x (liquid) (C)

300 3
324.2319 4.138901 4.138901
400 7.7
 53.000 lb/hr of 34 API crude oil is to be heated from 300 to 310 F by cooling 5000 lb/hr of 26 API lube oil with
2 1/2 by 1-1/4 in IPS double pipe hairpin exchangers 20 ft long. pressure drop of 10 psi are allowable, and di
viscosity of the crude oil may be obtained from Fig. 14. For lube oil, viscosities are 1.4 centipoises at 500 F, 3
viscosities are great enough to introduced an error if (μ/μw) 0,14 = 1 is assumed.
1. How many hairpin sections are required?
2. How shall they be arranged?
3. What is the final dirt factor and pressure drop?

Solution
Komponen T1 (F) T2 (F) W (lb/hr)
cold fluid 34 API crude oil 300 310 53000
hot fluid 26 API lube oil 450 ? 5000

I HEAT BALANCE
Crude oil t1 300 F
t2 310 F
t av 305 F
c 0.56 btu/lbF Kern Fig. 4

W 53000 lb/hr
Q 296800 Btu/hr
II LMTD
Hot fluid Temp Cold Fluid Diff
450 High temp. 310 140 Δt2
351 Low temp 300 51 Δt1
89 Δt2-Δt1

n 4
P' 0.34 Δt 87.21329
R' 2.475
γ 0.58142196

III Caloric Temperature

Δtc 304.972676 F Kc 0.38
Δth 398.4523 F Fc 0.47
 Δtc/Δth 0.76539319

Tc 397.53 F
tc 304.7 F

Calculate the annulus and inner pipe

A check in Table 6.2 indicates tha

So the hot fluid is placed in inne

Hot: annulus, 26 API Lube Oil

IV Flow area
Based on Kern, table 11
D2 (ID in) 2.469 in 0.20575 ft
D1 (OD in) 1.66 in 0.1383333 ft

aa 0.01820961 ft2

Equiv diameter

De 0.1676888052 ft

5 Mass vel, Ga = W/aa

Ga 274580.3379423 lb/hr.ft2

6 At 397.53 F
µ 7.583 cp Interpolasi
18.35086 lb/ft.hr

Rea 2509.094876572

If only 2 hairpins in series are required

L/D 477.074184
Use L/D 500

7 jh 6.3 Kern, Fig. 24

8 At Tc 397.53 F
 c 0.62 btu/lbF Kern Fig. 4
k 0.0685 Btu/hr.ft2(F/ft) Kern Fig. 1

= 55.3651250608

9 ho

ho/Φa 142.483094 Btu/hr.ft2(F)

tw 324.231927 F
μw 4.13890058 cp Fig 14
10.0161394 lb/ft.hr
Φa 1.08846345 Fig 24

ho 155.087639

11 CLEAN OVERALL COEFFICIENT, Uc

Uc 120.21872 Btu/hr.ft2.F

12 DESIGN OVERALL COEFFICIENT, Ud

Rd 0.006 hr.ft2.F/Btu
Ud 69.8413173

13 SURFACE
A 48.7597352054 ft2
ft
External surface/lin ft, a" 0.435 lin ft Kern, Table 11
Required length 112.09135

Hairpins 2.8022836 ft
L 2 hairpins 80 ft
L 240
This is equivalent to more than 2 hairpins or 80 lin feet.
Since two parallel stream are employed, use 4 hairpins or 160 lin feet.
The hairpins should have the annuli connected in series and the tubes in parallel.

Corrected Ud 14.1797954487
Rd 0.062204707
 Pressure Drop
Cold fluid : annulus, 34 API crude oil
1

D'e 0.06741667 ft
Re 1008.74243

f 0.01795494
Tc 397.53
s 0.78 Kern Fig 6
ρ 48.75

ΔFa 9.70222178 ft

3
V 1.56456033 fps

ΔFt 0.30408062 ft
Δpa 3.81427519
Allowable 10 psi
000 lb/hr of 26 API lube oil with an initial temperature of 450 F in
p of 10 psi are allowable, and dirt factor of 0.003 is required. The
es are 1.4 centipoises at 500 F, 3 at 400 F and 7.7 at 300 F. These

Lube oil T1 450 F

T2 (trial) 351 F
Tav 400.5 F
c 0.6 btu/lbF Kern Fig. 4

W 5000 lb/hr
Q 297000 Btu/hr

Assume as a trial that will be employed in two parallel

streams. it will be impossible to put 53000 lb/hr of crude oil
to a single pipe or annulus since the flow area of each is too
small.
A check in Table 6.2 indicates that the flow area of the annulus is greater than inner pipe.
So the hot fluid is placed in inner pipe, and the cold fluid is in annulus.

Cold: inner pipe,34 API crude oil

4 Flow area

D 1.38 in 0.115 ft

ap 0.010382 ft2

5 Mass vel, Gp = w/ap

Gp 1276293 lb/hr.ft2

6 At 304.9727 F
µ 0.68 cp Kern. Fig 4
1.6456 lb/ft.hr

Rep 89191.63

7 jh 190 Kern, Fig. 24

8 At tc 304.9727 F
 c 0.59 btu/lbF Kern Fig. 4
k 0.072 Btu/hr.ft2(F/ft) Kern Fig. 1

= 4.494926
9 hi

hi/Φp 534.7008 Btu/hr.ft2(F)

= 37.04252

tw 324.2319
μw 0.38 cp Fig 14
0.9196 lb/ft.hr
Φp 1.08488 Fig 24
1
hio 534.7008

Kern, Table 11

l.
sure Drop
Hot fluid: inner pipe,26 API lube oil
1 Rep 89191.63

f 0.0057
tc 304.9727
s 0.76 Kern Fig 6
ρ 47.5

ΔFp 20.54676

ΔPp 6.777576 psi

Allowable 10 psi