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Table of Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................9-3
Topic Areas .................................................................................................................................9-3
Learning Objectives......................................................................................................................9-3
Unit A: Cementing Heads/Plug Containers........................................................................................9-3
Methods of Using Plug Containers ................................................................................................9-4
Commonly Used Halliburton Plug Containers ................................................................................9-5
Remote Control Plug Container System.........................................................................................9-6
Quick-Latch Coupler ....................................................................................................................9-7
Casing Swivels .............................................................................................................................9-7
Plug Container Lifting Devices .....................................................................................................9-8
Maintenance and Use of Plug Containers .......................................................................................9-8
Unit A Quiz ............................................................................................................................... 9-10
Unit B: Density Measurement......................................................................................................... 9-11
Radioactive Density Meters ........................................................................................................ 9-11
Pressure Balanced Mud Scale ...................................................................................................... 9-11
Unit B Quiz ............................................................................................................................... 9-12
Answers to Unit Quizzes................................................................................................................ 9-13
9•1 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
9•2 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
Introduction
The main purpose of any cement mixing system A. Cementing Heads/Plug Conta iners
is to blend water and dry cement at a satisfactory
B. Density Measurements
rate so that ideal weights, viscosities, and
densities can be maintained. In addition, recently
developed mixing systems provide the capacity Learning Objectives
for additive reactions and batch mixing. The end
result is cement that will set properly downhole.
Upon completion of this section, you should be
familiar with
Topic Areas • Types of cementing heads
• Use of Densometers
In this section, the following units are included:
9•3 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
Non-Continuous Circulation
Continuous Circulation
To use a plug container on non-continuous
If well conditions dictate that continuous
pumping jobs, follow the guidelines below:
circulation be used, you can use two plug
1. Stop circulating the well fluids and remove containers or a double plug container as
the plug container cap. described below:
2. Insert the bottom plug through the plug 1. Load both plugs into the plug container
container to a point just below the inlet port. before circulating the well fluids so that both
3. Move the plug-release plunger to the plugs can be released without opening the
extended position. plug container.
4. Place the top plug inside the plug container 2. Circulate the well fluids and prepare the
so that it rests on top of the extended cement for pumping.
plunger. 3. When the cement is introduced into the
5. Reinstall the cap on the top of the plug casing, retract the bottom plug release
container and begin the cementing job. The plunger for the bottom plug.
bottom plug will travel down the casing in 4. Open the middle Lo-Torc valve above the
front of the cement to separate the cement bottom plug to allow the bottom plug to
from the well fluid. enter the casing ahead of the cement.
9•4 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
9•5 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
Figure 9.3 – Front and side view of free fall type cementing plug.
9•6 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
The control console releases the plugs and opens Premium and type-certified couplers are
the valves in a controlled sequence, preventing available for NKK-3SB, Vam, Mannesmann,
accidental release of the wrong plug or pumping API 8RD,and Buttress type threads.
on top of a plug before the plug release plunger
is retracted. Because the plug release plungers
and Lo-Torc valves can be operated by remote
control, you can release plugs during pumping,
saving rig time and promoting rig safety.
The console has a sequencing system that can
prevent the operator from accidentally releasing
the top plug first or pumping on top of a plug
before retracting the plunger.
The release pins on the plunger lock
mechanically in the external position to help
prevent plugs from being released prematurely.
After the plugs are released, fluid flow through Figure 9.5 – Quick-latch coupler
the manifold forces them down the casing. mechanism.
Because they operate by remote control, they
can be stationed a safe working distance from
the wellhead. These systems also have manual
override, so operators can run the release Casing Swivels
plungers manually if air pressure is lost.
Casing swivels allow the casing to rotate during
cementing or circulating. Install swivels between
the top of the casing and the bottom nipple of
the plug container; latch elevators onto the
casing below the swivel.
IMPORTANT: Casing swivels are not
designed to lift or support casing weight.
When rotation is required, set the slips on the
casing and remove the elevators. A torque arm
or bar inserted into the side of the swivel should
be tied off to the rig to prevent the plug
container from rotating. The casing swivel also
Figure 9.4 – Lo-Torc valve. has a safety clamp that mechanically locks the
casing coupling to the swivel to allow the casing
to rotate counter-clockwise. Before clamping
onto the casing coupling, position the safety
clamp in the recess slot provided on the swivel
Quick-Latch Coupler body.
9•7 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
Inspection Procedure
Safety Concerns
Plug Container Lifting Devices
Older style slings use welded rings as part of the
Chain slings/hoist rings for Halliburton plug construction of the sling (Figure 9.8). In some
containers are used to lift the cap on and off the cases, these welded rings have broken at the
plug container during a job. They are also used weld, causing some safety concerns.
to lift the entire plug container onto the rig floor
and to lift the plug container while it is being
attached to the casing. Chain slings/hoist rings
are designed only to lift the weight of the plug
container and attached equipment. Never use
them for any other purpose.
9•8 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
job. Since the free-fall plug container is procedure for operating a cementing head is:
currently used in many locations, this table screw in the pin, put the safety la tch on to
provides information about these parts, their prevent the handle from turning, remove the cap,
functions, and how to properly maintain them. load the plug, and put the cap back on tightly.
However, this information also applies to the To drop the plug, first remove the safety. Screw
manifold-type cementing head. the pin to the left and it will back out allowing
the plug to fall. If the head has a manifold, first
After all service checks, the plug container is
drop the plug, then open the top valve and close
ready for the job. Although many things are
the lower valve.
involved when dropping plugs, the general
Casing Swivel Attaches to the base of the cementing • Cleaning should occur immediately after use to
head and allows the casing to rotate prevent cement setting up in the swivel
without rotating the cementing head (Not
to be used with the Quick-Latch Coupler.) • After cleaning, pump a few strokes of grease into the
swivel bearing.
9•9 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
Unit A Quiz
Fill in the blanks with one or more words to check your progress in Unit A.
1. Plug containers are used in most cementing jobs to adapt the ____________ to the pumping lines as
well as release the _________________________ at the proper time.
4. The Compact™ plug container is approximately ______% shorter and lighter than previous
Halliburton plug containers
5. The Remote Control Plug Container System includes two ___________________ operated plug
release plungers.
8. Chain slings/hoist rings for Halliburton plug containers are used to lift the ________ on and off the
________________________ during a job. They are also used to lift the entire plug container onto
the ___________________and to lift the plug container while it is being attached to the casing.
9. Switching slings between plug containers could cause the sling to be ________________________,
possibly causing injury.
10. Most of the parts of the plug container and its attachments need to be ________________ and
________________ thoroughly before and after their use.
9 • 10 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
9 • 11 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
Unit B Quiz
Fill in the blanks with one or more words to check your progress in Unit C.
1. A density meter is used to measure the ___________ of a fluid.
2. Of the two types of densometers discussed in this unit, the ____________ type is more accurate
because it is not affected by ___________ in the fluid being weighed.
3. A radioactive densometer is calibrated with __________, rather than _____________ like the
pneumatic densometer.
4. The ___________________________ is similar in operation to the conventional mud scales with the
difference being that the slurry sample can be placed in a fixed volume sample cup under pressure.
9 • 12 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
9 • 13 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton
Surface Cementing Equipment
9 • 14 Cementing 1
© 2002, Halliburton