Element 1 FOUNDATION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY
UNIT IGC1: MANAGEMENT OF
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
1. Replacement or repair of damaged plant and
equipment is a cost that an organization may face
following a workplace accident.
List EIGHT possible costs to the organization
following a workplace accident (or)
Identify the possible cost to an organization
following an accident in the workplace. (Or)
Identify possible costs to an organization resulting
from inadequate health and safety
standards.
Direct Costs:
 Fines in the criminal courts.
 First- aid or medical cost.
 Workers sick pay.
 Overtime to make up for the lost time.
 Lost production time whilst dealing with
the injury.
 Compensation payable to the victim.
 Increase in insurance premium and
indemnity payment.
Indirect Costs:
 Loss of staff morale in the organization.
 Damage to public image and business reputation.
 Cost of recruiting and training temporary or
replacement of labor.
 Cost of remedial action following
an investigation.
 General difficulties in recruiting and
retaining staff.
 Compliance with any enforcement notice served.
2. Explain the three good reasons for preventing
accident in the workplace (or)
Explain the reasons for maintaining and promoting
good standards of health and safety in the
workplace.
The reason for maintaining the work place from
preventing the accidents should be structured
around the moral, social and economic reasons
within the organization.
Moral:
The moral reason is to provide a reasonable
standard of care and reduce the injuries, pain
to workers suffering from workplace accidents
and ill-health.
Legal:
The legal reason is that to avoid any enforcement
action and civil claims.
Economical:
The economic benefits include but not limited to,
more motivated workforce, increase in production
rates, and reduce in premium rates and to avoid
any costs associated with work place accidents.
Also by maintaining the work place by preventing
accidents shall increase the company reputation
and maintaining the image and reputation of
the company with its
various stakeholders, Improve the good safety
culture in the organization.
 Element 1 FOUNDATION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY
3. Give the meaning of the following term:
(a) Health:
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
(b) Safety:
The condition of being protected from or unlikely to
cause danger, risk, or injury.
(c) Welfare:
Statutory procedure or social effort designed to
promote the basic physical and material well-being
of workers in need.
Ex: Provision of portable drinking water,
Restroom etc.
(d) Environmental Protection:
Environmental protection refers to any activity to
maintain or restore the quality of environmental
media through preventing the emission of
pollutants or reducing the presence of polluting
substances in environmental media.
Ex: changes in production techniques.
(e) Near Misses:
A near miss is an unplanned event that did not
result in injury, illness, or damage – but had the
potential to do so.
Example: A stone falls from height and close to
your body but there is no accident or damage to the
property.
(f) Commuting Accidents
Every accident is referred to as commuting
accident, which an insured person suffers on the
way to or from the place of the insured activity.
These are mainly road accidents, which represent
more than half of the commuting accidents.
Or
A commuting accident is an accident an employee
suffers while travelling to or from his place of work.
(g) Hazard
Something that has the potential to cause harm
including ill health, injury, loss of product and/or
damage to plant and property e.g. substances,
machines, methods of work etc.
For example:
Loud noise is a hazard because it can cause
hearing loss.
(h) Risk
The likelihood of harm occurring and its severity.
(Severity x likelihood)
For example:
Cement there is a risk that it may cause harm but
the level of risk depend on the circumstances
Outline: Workers responsibility or
2. Outline the health and safety
responsibilities of workers.
 Take responsible care of their own safety
and that of other people who might be
affected by the things that they do and the
things that they fail to do.
 Comply with Organization safety instruction
and procedures.
 Report any situation which they believe
could be a hazard and which they cannot
themselves correct.
 Report any work-related accident or
ill health.
 Use all safety equipment properly and not
tamper with it.
4 Employers responsibility or
Outline the health and safety responsibilities of
employers towards workers at work.
 To Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery
and equipment and use working methods that
are safe.
 Element 1 FOUNDATION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY

 Give necessary instruction, training and  The employees shall cooperate with

supervision in application and use of health employer including reporting any situation

and safety measures. that present imminent risk.

 Introduce organizational arrangements  The employee shall actively participate and

relevant to activities and size of undertaking exercise all health and safety related
 Provide PPE and clothing without charge matters and committees.

to workers.  The employee shall work towards and

 Ensure that work organization, particularly achieve the health and safety standards set
working hours and rest breaks, does not by the employer.

adversely affect occupational safety and  The employee to be familiar with

health. occupational health and safety legislation

 Take reasonably practical measures with a compliance while at work.

view to eliminating excessive physical and  It will ensure them to keep the work place

mental fatigue. and the equipment’s are well maintained

 Keep up-to-date of scientific and technical without risk.

knowledge to comply with the above.  To avoid any misuse of workplace welfare

facilities provided.

6 Outline the insured and uninsured cost

5. Outline why it is important that all the by the employer.

persons in an organization are aware of their Insured costs are,

roles and  Employers liability

responsibilities for health andsafety.  Public / Third party liability

 By knowing their responsibilities is the right  Contractors all risk

education and will preserve the employee  Plant and building damage

free from ill health.  Tool and equipment Uninsured costs

 The awareness shall protect themselves and  Product and material damage

those around them from harm.

 Element 1 FOUNDATION IN HEALTH AND SAFETY

 Emergency supplies

 Production delays

 Overtime and temporary labour

 Investigation time

 Supervisors time diverted

7. Explain Employers Liability Insurance.

 Employers’ liability insurance is designed to

protect workers who have suffered a

personal loss.

 The purpose of employers’ liability insurance is

to satisfy requirements for employers to carry

appropriate insurance so that a worker, who is

harmed due to the fault of their employer, is

assured of receiving compensation even though

the employer might have insufficient resources to

pay compensation directly.

 This form of insurance also enables to pay any

legal fees and court fines.