Drug Analysis

Name of drug Mechanism of Indication Contraindications Side effects Adverse Nursing

action Effects responsibilities
LIDOCAINE Acts as an ventricular Hypersensitivity --------------- bradycardia, • Explain that
PREMIXED anesthetic by arrhythmias cardiac arrest, adverse reactions
stabilizing the caused by MI, CV collapse, related to the CNS
Brand name: neuronal cardiac hypotension, (eg, drowsiness,
Xylocaine membrane by manipulation apprehension, confusion,
inhibiting the or cardiac confusion, paresthesias,
Classification: ionic fluxes glycosides dizziness, convulsions,
Antiarrhythmic required for the drowsiness, respiratory arrest)
agent, Local initiation and hallucinations, can occur and are a
anesthetic conduction of headache, light- result of CNS
impulses, headedness, toxicity.
Dosage: 0.2% thereby mood changes, • Advise patient that
(2mg/ml); 0.4% effecting local nervousness, drug may cause
(4g/ml); 0.8% anesthetic tremors, dizziness or
(8g/ml) action. Also conjunctival drowsiness and to
acts as an hyperemia, avoid getting out of
antiarrhythmic corneal bed or walking
by decreasing epithelial without assistance.
the changes, • Advise patients
depolarization, diplopia, that skin reactions,
automaticity, tinnitus, visual including erythema,
and excitability disturbances, petechiae, and
in the ventricles nausea, edema, may occur
during the vomiting, with intradermal
diastolic phase erythema, injection.
by a direct petechiae, • Systemic effects
action on the edema, can occur following
tissues, injection-site topical use; use
especially the reactions, lowest possible
Purkinje including dose to avoid
network, bruising, serious toxicity,
without burning, shock, or heart
involvement of contusion, block.
the autonomic hemorrhage, • Do not use in
system. Neither local reactions, patients with
contractility, including congenital or
systolic arterial soreness at IM idiopathic
blood pressure, injection site, methemoglobinemia
atrioventricular venous or in infants
(AV) thrombosis or younger than 12 mo
conduction phlebitis, of age who are
velocity, nor extravasation, receiving
absolute burning, methemoglobin-
refractory stinging, inducing drugs.
period is altered sloughing, • Use with caution
by usual respiratory and in lower doses
therapeutic depression or in patients with
doses arrest, CHF, reduced
hypersensitivity cardiac output,
reactions digitalis toxicity,
and in elderly
patients