Design of Extreme Scissor Lift Shoes

Author(s)

ABC 15-ME-
XYZ 15-ME-

SUPERVISOR

DESIGNATION

DATE:

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL & AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF AKRON UNITED STATES
WILLIAM HONORS COLLEGE
March 2019
 Design of Extreme Scissor Lift Shoes

Author(s)

ABC 15-ME-
XYZ 15-ME-

A Senior Design / Honor Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
course of

B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering

Project Advisor:

Professor

Neutral Examiner Signature: X

Project Advisor Signature: X

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL & AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA
March 2019

i
 Abstract

Design of Extreme Scissor Lift Shoes

Scissor lifts is a combination of links used for raising load upto certain height when force acts

upon by the actuator. They are used especially in competitive robotics. However, mechanical

advantage and velocity ratio of system depends upon the position of actuator. So a way must be

defined to compare actuator positions analytically. However, in current research scissor lift

focusses on screw jack arrangement and there are separate force expression for different actuator

positions. So hit and trial method is applied to make decision between different actuator

positions. Once position is selected then we define location potency through expression. Using

those expressions and other ones We have completely described the design of scissor lift shoes

in many stages. We have discussed the design from economic point of view and made necessary

changes wherever required. We also have modeled that design in solid works. We have done the

analysis of that model and we will manufacture those components and will assemble design parts

using different joining techniques to assemble the product.

Keywords:

Scissor Lift, Mechanical Advantage, actuator

ii
 UNDERTAKING

We attest that this project titled “Design of Extreme Scissor Lift Shoes” is our own work.

This work has not been presented to someone else for assessment. Where material has been

taken from other sources it has been properly referred.

ABC XYZ

15-ME- 15-ME-

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am very thankful to all those who have contributed in helping me to complete this report. A

special thanks I give to our final year project advisor, [Supervisor’s Name], whose contribution

in giving experience based opinions and encouragement, helped us to explain my project

especially in writing this report.

Furthermore I will acknowledge the crucial role of the staff of [Ms/Mr/Dr] with much

appreciation, who not only gave us the permission to use all equipment and the necessary

material but also told us how to properly handle the equipment to complete the task “SPECIFY

NAME”. My team mate, [Ms/Mr/Dr], also help in many ways from sharing his ideas and

opinions and helping me to assemble the parts and gave strategies to make the task “SPECIFY

NAME” complete in good finish. The guidance given by other supervisors was much appreciable

as well as the panels especially present in our project presentation that have helped in making

our presentation skills better by pointing out mistakes and thanks to their advices and comments.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... ii

Acknowledgment .....................................................................................................................................iv

List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ vii

List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ viii

CHAPTER 1: Introduction .....................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Product Definition ............................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER 2: Conceptual Design ...........................................................................................................4

2.1 Basic vision and design of product ...................................................................................................4

2.1.1 Components of scissor Lift ........................................................................................................5

2.1.2 Rough estimate of our project ...................................................................................................5

2.1.3 Phases in our project .................................................................................................................7

2.2 The general properties of designed system .....................................................................................7

2.3 Motion Analysis of the system .........................................................................................................9

CHAPTER 3: Embodiment Design ......................................................................................................11

3.1 Overview of Embodiment Design ...................................................................................................11

3.1.1 Economic Feasibility ................................................................................................................11

3.1.2 Economic Considerations in material of our parts ..................................................................12

3.1.3 Economic Considerations in hydraulic system of our part......................................................12

3.2 Analysis of system by finite element method using ANSYS .........................................................13

CHAPTER 4: Detail Design ..................................................................................................................15

4.1 Product complete Design ...............................................................................................................15

4.1.1 Components of scissor Lift ......................................................................................................15

4.1.2 Scissor Arms ............................................................................................................................15

4.1.3 Platform structure ...................................................................................................................15

v
 4.1.4 Base Frame ..............................................................................................................................16

4.1.5 Pinned joints............................................................................................................................16

4.1.6 Hydraulic System-Air entrapment...........................................................................................16

4.1.7 Hydraulic System-Fluid compressibility ..................................................................................16

4.1.8 Cylinder Thrust Resistance ......................................................................................................17

4.1.9 Load Placement .......................................................................................................................17

4.1.10 Lift elevations during transfer ...............................................................................................17

4.1.11 Some of the parameters related to our design .....................................................................18

4.2 Design Analysis..............................................................................................................................19

4.2.1 Design consideration ...............................................................................................................19

4.2.2 Design validation .....................................................................................................................19

4.2.2.1 Design of cylinder ............................................................................................................19

4.2.2.2 Design of plunger rod ......................................................................................................20

4.2.2.3 Design of end cover .........................................................................................................20

4.2.2.4 Design of plunger head ....................................................................................................20

4.2.2.5 Design of base..................................................................................................................21

4.2.2.6 Design of link, link connector and pins ............................................................................21

4.3 Modeling of scissor lift components in solidworks ........................................................................21

CHAPTER 5: Discussions .....................................................................................................................26

CHAPTER 6: Results ...........................................................................................................................29

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1: Model of designed Scissor Lift…………………….....…….…………….….……2

Fig 1.2: Extreme Scissor Lift shoes………...........................................................................3

Fig 2.1: Labeled Structure of scissor Arms...................................................................................5

Fig 2.2: Perspective views of scissor Lift systems.......................................................................7

Fig 2.3: Cylinder of scissor Lift…..................................................................................................8

Fig 2.4: Scissor Lift opening and closing...........................................................................................8

Fig 2.5: Variation of forces with plunger angle............................................................................9

Fig 3.1: Meshing and loading conditions of scissor structure ...................................................13

Fig 3.2: Von-mises stresses induced in links……….........................................................................14

Fig 4.1: Model of base plate and cylinder…………..........................................................................22

Fig 4.2: Hydraulic, link and link connector ………..……………................................................23

Fig 4.3: Pins and Plunger………………… ………..……………................................................24

Fig 4.4: Assembly of scissor Lift………….. ………..……………..............................................25

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Discussions and material properties of different components...............................18

Table 4.2: Mechanical properties of materials …………………..............................................18

Table 4.3: Standards for cylinders…………... …………………..............................................19

Table 5.1: Results of simulation……………... ………………….............................................28

viii
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Background

Maintenance systems are widely used to promote loads or provide inaccessible height. Many lift

systems in the industry are now designed for different purposes. These systems have their use in

multimedia related applications and services such as cleaning, maintenance and repair, lifting and

lowering of loads. For example, airports and stadiums. The lift system can be classified as a lifting

binocular, lift lift and scissors reduction. The telescope promotion system is the same as the activity

of the fire extinguishers in fire extinguishers. These types of systems are a type of repair car that

can carry one or two persons with a platform height of 20 to 30 meters. The system is run by an

electromagnetic motor and controlled by a chain. On the other hand, these systems are not safe

because of a lack of irrigation. Sheet maintenance is controlled by a hydraulic drive that can be

run in 3d coordinates.

These systems are better than systems used for telescopes. Also, systems are not designed to

promote storage, and these systems only apply one person on the platform. Their job height is

high. The most popular incentive system in the industry is the scissors. These systems are

especially used for care, maintenance and repair. In the elevator system, the bicycle platform is

lifted by opening the scissors connected by an hydraulic cylinder. Each forum has a specific storage

capacity and height. The mechanical design of the platform, dimensions, options, cylinder,

hydraulic and electric motors are very important from the point of view of user safety. In this study,

scissors with a maximum storage of 50-60 kg and a work height of 3-4 feet were established.

Stronger model models are modeled into SolidWorks and installed in a single application.

1
1.2 Product Definition

Our products is shoe lift, so shoes are associated with a sketch of history, allowing a man to get

extra height for many programs, such as cutting the leaves of trees to put something on the heights.

Spacing is a type of platform that can usually only move horizontally. The mechanism for this

accomplishment is to use a folded foot that is connected on the cross-shaped "X", known as a

pantograph (or a sticking mechanism in history). The upward movement is achieved by applying

pressure on the exterior of the lower carrier supporting cross-border expansion and vertical drive

work platforms. The forum may also be an expanding vessel allowing closer access to the work

area due to vertical motion movements only.

Fig 1.1: Model of designed Scissor Lift

The downside of this history's work may be hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical (via a coupling

device or a rack). Depending on the supply system of the elevator, power can not be demanded for

the element in the "bust" but usually the release of the hydraulic pressure. This is the main reason

these methods to power up privilege are satisfied because they have allowed a safe way for the

2
return of this platform to the ejected handwrap.

Fig 1.2: Extreme Scissor lift Shoes

3
 CHAPTER 2

Conceptual Design

2.1 Basic vision and design of Product

Due to the shape of the original device, the pantograph also refers to a type of structure that can

compact or expand into an agreement, creating a characteristic rhombic pattern. This can be found

in the extension hand for temporary wall, temporary fence walls and other scissors, such as

pantographs, which are used in the electron locomotives and soaking.

Scissors are the most economical, reliable and easy way to carry heavy loads. Screening Screw

has many moving parts, quieted and offers years of operation without any problems. These

elevators promote transportation to the desired height and are easily configured to meet the speed,

speed, and installation capacity of each hydroelectric dam. Each scissor is designed and

manufactured to meet the industry's safety requirements as described in ANSI MH2 9.1, and it is

the most popular and effective of all scissors that are used in material handling applications. [1].

4
 Fig 2.1: Labeled structure of scissor arms

2.1.1 Components of Scissor Lift

➢ Scissor Arms

➢ Platform

➢ Base Frame

➢ Pinned Joints

➢ Spacing Shaft

➢ Hydraulic Circuit

2.1.2 Rough Estimate of our Project

First, the weight of shoes is one of the main reasons that make the creation process difficult, as

well as the weight of the people that will be brought to the highest point. In addition, the

mechanism will change the construction and many other factors.

To begin, we have built an incomplete stainless steel base. Then we made two scissors with 6

pieces of 30 cm each. The two scissors are connected by an 8 mm thick stainless steel tube and

5
then by a 6 mm thick pipe. By placing the 6mm screw and pipe, we made a 12cm rectangle. Its

height, when its part is 12 cm, while it is separated, it is 75 cm. All construction is made up of

welder roof, creating special features with so many small pieces Details are counted.

In relation to the tendency and the decrease of coral, we used compressed air pistons found by old

office chairs. We put 2 pistons on each shoe to reach our goal and raise the charge fee successfully.

So, when you press the shoe button, if you do not use your weight on shoes. When the button is

released, the piston does not move back and the load panel is all taken. Then, when the user wants

to go down, he puts his weight on one side by pressing the button of the pistons, so the height of

feet will decrease and the same procedure is continued with the other pair[2].

At the top of our building, we put two old shoes for safety and these shoes have iron, which makes

them stable. We also use 5 holes in each shoe to empower our scissors and make the movement

stable and smooth.

After all these efforts, our experiments reached the final stage of the trial. Wearing special shoes,

we try to lift one finger every time, which is the surest way to avoid disability. However, we are

also trying to produce salt to open both shoes. Although this is the most dangerous way to promote

it, it is the most fascinating way to do it. We then tried to make difficult steps because the weight

of the shoes was enough. We also used it with many tasks that have been very successful, such as

changing the lights to forget some of the highlights, cleaning the cars and cutting the fruits of the

trees so that we can enjoy them.

6
2.1.3 Phases in our project

Design of Modeling
Material
Strategy individual and Assemblage Final Testing
Selection
Component simulation

This is the sequences of processes through which our project will go for completion. Design is the

most crucial phase since it tells us how goodly our product is engineered.

2.2 The general properties of designed system

The the working height and load carrying capacity of the designed scissor lifting system for shoes

were determined as 4ft and 90kg, respectively.

Fig 2.2: Perspective views of scissor Lift system

7
The system is designed as two scissors on both sides, and the scissors connection is provided by

the parts and segments. The scissors used in the system have rectangular shaped holes. The size of

the scissor shape is determined at 80 × 40 × 5 mm. The size of a cylinder pin in the system proved

to be Ø40x120mm to support the load safely. The opening and closing of the system is provided

by hydraulic system on the rails.

Fig 2.3: Cylinder of scissor Lift

A single-acting cylinder is used in the lifting scissors system, as shown. The irrigation cylinder

has a diameter of 11 millimeters with a 50 length. The hydraulic pump used in the system is the

type of chassis pump running at 116 bar. The capacity of an oil reservoir is about 40 liters in

irrigation. The pressure of the pump (21 bar) is determined by the diameter of the cylinder, the

hydraulic and the maximum force of the piston (Fp).

Fig 2.4: Scissor Lift opening and closing

8
2.3 Motion Analysis of the System

In the scissor lifting system, a motion analysis is performed to select the piston type and determine

the piston (Fp) before analyzing the system by determining the component. The system is designed

for scissors to be placed at an angle of 5 degrees to completely fit into their postion. Also, scissors

are placed at an angle of 45 ° in an open position [3].

Fig 2.5: variation of forces with plunger angle

Hydraulic cylinder in the apparatus was placed at a different angle in comparison with the scissors.

When in the start, angle was small as the angle β, the horizontal component of piston force (Fh)

had increased as well as the vertical component of piston force (Fv) had decreased.

Graph 2.1: Platform height vs Plunger Force

9
The variation is due to the increase in the force required to obtain the horizontal forces required to

lift the platform. The hydraulic cylinder is designed to be positioned with α = 16.8 ° for a closed

system. The highest system will increase when the angle (α) is greater than 16.8 °. On the other

hand, the elastic cylinder can not produce a vertical force sufficient to lift the scissors when the

angle (α) is less than 16.8. For this reason, the angles were chosen at 16.8 °.

10
 CHAPTER 3

Embodiment Design

3.1 Overview of Embodiment Design

Embodiment Design is the design process part which starts from the principle solution or from

concept of a consumer product. The design is developed and evaluated in accordance with

economic and engineering criteria”. This is a purely technical and economic based consideration

of Design so that product would be able to compete in the market.

3.1.1 Economic Feasibility:

To check economic feasibility of our project in order to take our product to mass production, we

have to minimize the cost while keeping the same level of performance. For this purpose, first of

all, we have to develop cash flow diagram of our project and then we have to perform the PW,

AW, FW, ROR and after-tax analysis and then we have to adjust cash flows in such a way that

these above entities should be raised without any compromise on product performance[4].

11
In cash Flow diagram, we have to check for initial Costs and Operation and management costs and

then we have to look where most of our budget is consumed and how we can avoid it.

3.1.2 Economic Considerations in Material of our parts

We have chosen steel alloy for making links and basic frame of scissor lift because of its high

strength and low weight comparatively to steel for easy movement and having enough weight for

scissor lift stability.

3.1.3 Economic Considerations in Hydraulic system of our Product

We have used the hydraulic pump for making lifting the scissor through hydraulic fluid. We have

designed it on the basis of Pascal’s Law. We have design the pump such that it can only lift the

mass of 100kg i.e, weight of a man. We have the hydraulic pump over pneumatic one to reduce

the cost of our product.

12
3.2 Analysis of system by finite element method using ANSYS

To analyze the lifting system using scissors, the components, the non-important essentials, such

as the platforms and the base pads, are removed from the system and the simulation is completed

shortly. The system is attached to four locations attached to the base panel (45 ° angle) at these

locations. The weight of the platforms and the maximum platform storage are 20N and 900N,

respectively. These charges are applied at four points attached with the platform. The load on the

cylinder (~ 10,00 N) is calculated in the Motion Detector section of the program which maintains

a stable system in that position. It has been doubled by the point of connection of the plunger.

Fig 3.1 : Meshing and Loading conditions of scissor structure

The structure of the scissor lifting system analysis after processing is displayed. This is automatically

created by a high-density and high-quality system. The total number of cubes mentioned above in the

SolidWorks experimental package is used to determine the distribution of stress and stress after creating a

net in the scissors system. The stress distribution of this system is determined by reference to the Maximum

13
Power Conversion Hypothesis (von-Mises) in the whole program. Maximum stress on the system is

calculated at 56,91 megabytes and is observed as shown. The load on the cylinder caused the lowest stress

on the lower scissors (part A) of the total, respectively, 9670 and 5062.

Fig 3.2: Von Mises stresses induced in the links and critical regions

14
 CHAPTER 4

Detail Design

4.1 Product complete Design

After finalizing our basic apparatus shape, we went for individual design of components where

it is needed, and selection of components based on design of first elements.

4.1.1 Components of Scissor Lift

➢ Scissor Arms

➢ Platform

➢ Base Frame

➢ Pinned Joints

➢ Spacing Shaft

➢ Hydraulic Circuit

4.1.2 Scissor Arms

The deflection of the arms due to bending results from the stress exerted by the total weight, which

is supported by the scissors, the lengths and the feet of the feet. The longer the scissors, the harder

it is to go under load. Increasing the resistance of the foot by increasing the height of the foot

material improves the resistance to flexibility, but can increase the unwanted height, the height of

the height [5].

4.1.3 Platform structure

Bending of the system will increase as the center of gravity of the support (scattered) relative to

the edge (different loads) of the platform. In addition, while the scissors raises up during the lift,

the rollers return to the platform and create a part of the suspended assembly platform more and

15
more favorable. Bending of the system will increase as the center of gravity of the support

(scattered) relative to the edge (different loads) of the platform. Similarly, when the scissors are

open during recovery, they return to the platform and create a support less and less supported,

essential element of the configuration of the platform [6].

4.1.4 Base Frame

In general, the bases of the stairs are fixed to the ground and must not be skewed. For cases where

the scissors are installed on a tall or mobile frame, the base frame is firmly supported underneath,

to support the points created by two scissors, scissors and dowels.

4.1.5 Pinned Joints

The scissors are joined at each location and each key is erased between the two hours. Needles and

numbers From its holes or loose rings. More and more scissors, scissors or pantographs are stacked

on top of each other and several connected connections have to increase the movement or

conversion when compressing these the empty spaces.

4.1.6 Hydraulic system – Air Entrapment

The exhaust air must be removed from the hydrogen circuit via the approved "purge" procedure.

Air can be very scattered and often a stumbling block. Under storage, or otherwise bounces (like

a spring) during the operation.

4.1.7 Hydraulic system – Fluid Compressibility

The oil or hydrogen is slightly compressed under pressure. And with a 5: 1 upward motion ratio

on a racing cylinder, a scissors chisel (with a stacked cylinder) has a scissors ratio of 5: 1,

increasing the compression of the cylinder compressor.

4.1.8 Cylinder Thrust Resistance

The cylinder is placed near the foot on the scissors when it has completely fallen off and must

16
initialize the horizontal force up to 10 times the load on the scissors because of their magnetic

disadvantage. As a result, there are serious (and deviated) stresses on the internal leg scissors

designed to resist these cavities. And as already mentioned, with the change of length of the lifting

cylinder, the result of vertical lifting is five times higher.

4.1.9 Load Placements

Load loading is also important in scissors to increase flexibility. The load is closed by the center

because of the scissors for different distances in the center or for evenly distributed distribution.

Finishing storage (aligned with scissors) is usually split between two pairs of scissors. However,

the lateral load (scissors and scissors) is not well shared between the scissors and must remain

within acceptable limits to avoid irregular rotation of the foot. The cylinder mount problems are

also very critical.

4.1.10 Lift Elevations during Transfer

As mentioned above, the level of defects is directly correlated to changes in system pressure and

changes in component stress resulting from storage and expansion. Exit scissors usually

experienced their highest system pressures and their maximum stress (and thus their maximum

flexibility potential) on 20% of the total available vertical stroke (from a completely low position).

17
4.1.11 Some of the parameters related to our design

Table 4.1: Dimensions and material properties of different components of hydraulic system

S. No. Component Variables Value Units

Outer diameter,
18 Mm
D
1 Cylinder Inner diameter,
8.00 Mm
Di
Pressure 19 Bar
End Cover
2 EST 22 Mpa
Stress
3 Factor of Safety FOS 4
Tensile stress Sts 9 N/mm2
4 Tensile stress on
Stp 36 N/mm2
Plunger
5 Working stress Wst 120 N/mm2
Plunger
6 Dph 17.794–17.970 Mm
diameter
7 Young Modulus E 207 GPA
Yield point
8 Ypst 250 MPA
stress

Table 4.2: Mechanical properties of materials

Mechanical Properties Symbol St37 St50

Yield strength (MPa) σY 250 275

Tensile strength σF 360 470

(MPa)
Elasticity modulus E 207 210
(GPa)
Shear modulus (GPa) G 79 79

Poisson rate Θ 0.28 0.28

Density (kg/m3) Ρ 7800 7800

18
4.2 Design Analysis

4.2.1 Design Considerations

Considerations taken while designing and fabricating a portable work platform are elevated by two

hydraulic cylinders as follows:

(a) Design Functionality

(b) Manufacturability

Economic availability, that is fabrication techniques and general cost of materials is also employed.

4.2.2 Design Validation

4.2.2.1 Cylinder

Bore = φ8

Tensile strength = 41kgf/mm2 = 411.02 N/mm2; FOS = 4

Pressure = 18 bar; Material- structure steel st-42 hollow tube;

Hoop stress induced can be found by

t = di/2 × {√st + (2– 2μ)p / st-(1+μ)p –2}

Outer Diameter = d + (2*to)

Where to = stress imparted to the tube. But the standard size is

Φ7.6; therefore a cylinder of 7.6 / 5 is used; since the available

size is Φ7.5mm then Thickness t,

t = (D - d)

Table 4.3: Standards for cylinders

Cylinder Bore (mm) Thrust N at 6 bar Min pull of spring N

10 37 3
20 59 4
30 105 7
40 165 14
50 258 23

19
 60 438 27
70 699 39
80 1102 48
90 1760 67
100 2892 86

4.2.2.2 Design of Plunger Rod

For piston rod material of mild steel EN – 8, σt = 540.9856 N/mm2. But the plunger rod diameter

is rounded off to 9 mm in order to sustain to buckling load. The internal resistance of plunger is

given by;

Force F= Area × Stress

4.2.2.3 Design of End Cover

Used material Mild steel; Based on the basis of strength

F = d × σt× tc

The thickness is found by industrial formula

tc = d √ (3 × σw / (16 × P))

Where σw = working stress

4.2.2.4 Design of Plunger Head

Piston head diameter is 17.794 – 17.970 mm and the given clearance is necessary for the plunger

to move forward and backward. The plunger length has been chosen based on seals to fox and

width and also on no of seals to fix [7].

To check the plunger rod for column action

When a structure undergoes compression it is subjected to large displacements irrespective to the

load then it would likely to buckle, for small lengths the process is in elastic region since the

buckling displacement become zero when the load disappears. For one fixed end and free end C =

0.26 and Let Fcr = Critical buckling load

20
σy= yield point; L = length of rod; I = radius of gyration;

K = Minimum radius of gyration and its formulas

K=√I/A

Critical load using Euler’s Formula

Fcr = C × π2 × E / (L / K) 2

Fcr = π 2 × E I / 4 L2

Where the Slenderness ratio, L / K is 74.75,

4.2.2.5 Design of Base

The basic structures consist of channel C and the empty bar commonly used in engineering

applications because of their high resistance to bars other than the selected C channel ISMC. The

support and the two cylinders are flexible at the base there without overload on the ground. The

total force on the platform and its load are taken with two cylinders and four supports created by

a C channel.

4.2.2.6 Design of Link, Link connector and Pins

Link is the key component of Our product. They are connected using link connectors and pins.

And a truss shaped is formed when link are joined together in the form of scissor. So truss analysis

of links is done to check the whether theses links will not fail during load lifting. Link connector

and pins are designed against shear and tensile loading. They should not fail when subjected to

considerable loading. Truss Structure is made by these links and is simulated to check whether our

scissor will not fail when person weight will act upon it[8].

4.3 Modeling of Scissor Lift components in Solid Works

1) Base Plate

2) Cylinder

21
3) Hydraulics

4) Link Connector

5) Link

6) Long pin

7) Longest pin

8) Plunger

9) Assembly of scissor Lift shoe

Fig 4.1: Model of base plate and cylinder

22
Fig 4.2: Hydraulic, link connector and link

23
Fig 4.3: Pins and Plunger

24
Fig 4.4: Assembly of scissor Lift

25
 CHAPTER 5

Discussions

We used MATLAB environment to calculate the design while ANSYS is used for the simulation

and analysis of the model. The simulation allows the engineer and designers to calculate the forces

and pressure of the hydraulic cylinders. Results from the Simulated Model are shown in the Figures

for the 3-D model and 2-D hydraulic system of an elevated hydraulic cylinder work platform. That

is a prototype model consisting of various components which include: probes, hydraulic cylinder,

spool and check valve, atmospheric pressure source and orifice. We had challenges with the design

of actual hydraulic cylinder and the arms though. Hit and trial method is used in making the motion

perfect between the the hydraulic cylinders and arms joints with precise choosing of the center rod

which will be operated by the cylinder.

The lift operation is controlled by maintaining the rate of descent by changing the open area of an

orifice that chokes hydraulic fluid flow back into the source, while the rate of ascent is maintained

by the area of a valve of spool, along with the cylinder dimensions and system pressure. The effect

of increasing the load on the on scissors can also be investigated. Two plots were generated from

the simulation, which signifies the operations of the behaviour of the hydraulic.

Both force and stroke (length) against time (the probe is located at the connecting line between the

hydraulic cylinder and the box geometry of the model) is plotted. The values of the results obtained

from MATLAB computations are presented in Table 5.1 by inputting the parameters in Table 4.1.

26
 Graph 5.1: Plunger force against time

Time vs Cylinder Force

250

200

150
CYLINDER FORCE

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-50

-100

-150
TIME

Graph 5.2 : Cylinder stroke against Time

Time vs Cylinder Stroke

1.2

1
CYLINDER STROKE

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
TIME

The density used for the calculation is constant since all the components of system are fabricated

with the same material (steel). Also, the load acting on the base is taken as the weight of the

scissor system.

27
 Table 5.1: Results of simulation

S. No. Quantity Value

1. . Stress at the cylinder, stc 58.8
2. Load at plunger rod,L 1850.10537
3. Diameter of piston rod, Dp 13.0176
4. Minimum thickness of 5.5069
End cover, Tc

From the results obtained above, it is understood that Design is safe because the hoop stress

induced in the cylinder is less than tensile stress under certain conditions. This result agrees with

the project objective because both the hydraulic cylinders and the scissors arms have the strength

to actuate for both its the top base and maximum weight.

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 CHAPTER 6

Results

1. The design and fabrication of a portable scissor lift shoe was successfully elevated by two

hydraulic cylinders according to the required design standards.

2. The portable scissor lift shoe is operated by hydraulic cylinder which is operated with the help

of hand pump.

3. If high capacity hydraulic cylinder is used then we can design for high load carrying scissor lift

4. The scissor lift is simple to use and does not require short time maintenance. For the present

dimension we get a lift of 4-5 ft, the scissor lift can lift a load of 90-100 kg.

5. The constraint of this device is its high initial investment, but has a low maintenance cost. Heat

treatment of the shearing tool is done to have high strength. It is very useful companion in

any engineering industry that deals with unused and rusted metals.

6. The device have much of scope for modifications for improvements and more operational

efficiency, which will make it available commercially and attractive.

Thus, it is recommended to any engineering industry and for production commercially.

29
 References

1. Rowan, R. T., Sutherland, L. G., Cooke, G., & Pedersen, P. A. (1998). U.S. Patent No.

5,722,513. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

2. Craig, T. A. (1990). U.S. Patent No. 4,899,987. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and

Trademark Office.

3. Spackman, H. (1989). Physical Analysis of Scissor Lifts. United States Military Research

Publication.

4. Coad, G., & Carter, J. (1974). U.S. Patent No. 3,785,462. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent

and Trademark Office.

5. Jean-Philippe Major, J. T. (2012, April). Scissor Lift Jack and Equations. Retrieved from

Engineer's Edge: http://www.engineersedge.com/mechanics_machines/scissor-lift.htm

6. Watkins, D. (2004). U.S. Patent No. 6,679,479. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and

Trademark Office.

7. Schirmer, M. (2001). U.S. Patent No. 6,257,372. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and

Trademark Office.

8. Kaufman, M. (2007). U.S. Patent No. 7,213,686. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and

Trademark Office.

30