Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Tutorial 8
Zeng Yan
zydrean@ust.hk
1 1 4d 2
ni 1 1 2
sin c tan c
2
R
5/10/2011 ELEC 308 Engineering Optics
Coherent waves
• Waves for which phase difference is
constant in time and space
E1 E 01 sin(t kx)
E 2 E 02 sin(t kx )
const.
• Conditions for interference
– Identical polarization
– Identical frequency
– Constant phase difference
5/10/2011 ELEC 308 Engineering Optics
Interference of waves
E E (r ) exp j k r t
• Two waves 1P 01 1 1
E E (r ) exp j k r t
2P 02 2 2
• Resultant intensity
kasin sin i
d sin
Bright fringes
sin m m 0,1,2,3,
of a double-slit d
sin m
Dark fringes
of a double-slit
1
2 m 0,1,2,3,
5/10/2011 ELEC 308 Engineering Optics d
Example 1 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment
Red light (664 nm) is used in Young’s experiment with slits separated
by 0.000120 m. The screen is located a distance 2.75 m from the slits.
Find the distance on the screen between the central bright fringe and
the third-order bright fringe.
Solution:
sin m m 0,1,2,3,
d
1 66410 m
9
sin m sin 3
1
4
0.951
d 1.2010 m
y L tan 2.75 m tan 0.951 0.0456 m
•Bulb-extended source
The source is made up of a
large number of incoherent
point source.
•Pattern overlapping
9.6 Two 1.0MHz radio antennas emitting in-phase are separated by 600m
along a north-south line. A radio receiver placed 2.0km east is equidistant
from both transmitting antennas and picks up a fairly strong signal. How far
North should that receiver be moved if it is again to detect a signal nearly
as strong?
9.5 Figure P.9.5 shows an output pattern that was measured by a tiny
microphone when two small piezo-loudspeakers separated by 15 cm were
pointed toward the microphone at a distance of 1.5 m away. Given that the
speed of sound at 20 degree is 343 m/s, determined the approximate
frequency at which the speakers were driven. Discuss the nature of the
pattern and explain why it has a central minimum.
y ms
a sin m a m y
s a
f v/
9.10 White light falling on two long narrow slits emerges and is observed on
a distant screen. If red light (780nm) in the first order fringe overlaps violet
in the second-order fringe, what is the latter’s wavelength?
9.23 Using Lloyd’s mirror, X-ray fringes were observed, the spacing of
which was found to be 0.0025 cm. The wavelength used was 0.833nm.
If the source-screen distance was 3 m, how high above the mirror plane
was the point source of X-ray placed?
k (r1 r2 )
α
k (a /(2 sin ) [sin(90 2 )]a /(2 sin ))
α ka(1 cos 2 ) /(2 sin )
α
when 2 , sin 1 ( / 2a)
9.27 A thin film of ethyl alcohol (n=1.36) spread on a flat glass plate and
illuminated with white light shows a color pattern in reflection. If a region
of the film reflects only green light (500nm) strongly, how thick is it?
δ 2nktcosθ π
2nktcosθ 2 1.5 2/600 2 1000001 2π 10000
Order : m 10000,considering the phase shift, minimum
i i' i' i
e
λ
δ 2e n n sin i
2
2
2
1
2
2
k k 1.2.3. (max)
2e n22 n12 sin 2 i k k 1.2.3. (max)
2
Since e.k fixed, should be larger w. r. t. longer
n22 n12 sin 2 i i Therefore, it should be closer to
the center.
*Measure the d
distance change
by the moving
fringes.
e m
2
d
5/10/2011 ELEC 308 Engineering Optics
Application of equal thickness
interference
Thermal expansion instrument
M:test object
C:made of In, low thermal
expansion coefficient
9.31 Figure illustrates a setup used for testing lenses. Show that
d x 2 ( R2 R1 ) / 2 R1 R2
When d1 and d2 are negligible in comparison with 2R1 and 2R2,
Respectively. (Recall the theorem from plane geometry that relates the
Products of the segments of intersecting chords.) Porve that the radius of
The mth dark fringe is then
xm [ R1 R2 m f /( R2 R1 )]1/ 2
Geometry condition :
R 12 x 2 (R1 d1 ) 2 R 12 x 2 (R 12 2R 1d1 d12 )
x 2 2R 1d1 d12 d1 x 2 /2R1
The same for R 2
R 22 x 2 (R 2 d 2 ) 2 R 22 x 2 (R 22 2R 2 d 2 d 22 )
x 2 2R 2 d 2 d 22 d 2 x 2 /2R 2
9.31 Figure illustrates a setup used for testing lenses. Show that
d x 2 ( R2 R1 ) / 2 R1 R2
When d1 and d2 are negligible in comparison with 2R1 and 2R2,
Respectively. (Recall the theorem from plane geometry that relates the
Products of the segments of intersecting chords.) Porve that the radius of
The mth dark fringe is then
xm [ R1 R2 m f /( R2 R1 )]1/ 2
• The distance d
associated with m
fringes is
For 9.35, a motion of /2 causes a single fringe pair to shift past,
hence 92 / 2 2.53*10 5 and 550nm
For 9.36
d N(0 /2) (1000)(5.00 *10 - 7m)/2 2.50 *10 - 4m