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CASE STUDY:-
Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental
impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health professionals (providers or
practitioners) in allied health fields. Physicians and physician associates are a part of these
health professionals. Dentistry, midwifery, nursing, medicine, optometry, audiology,
pharmacy, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy and other health professions
are all part of health care. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care,
Access to health care may vary across countries, communities, and individuals, largely
influenced by social and economic conditions as well as health policies. Health care
systemsare organizations established to meet the health needs of targeted populations.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a well-functioning health care system
requires a financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately paid workforce, reliable
information on which to base decisions and policies, and well maintained health facilities to
deliver quality medicines and technologies
Many types of health care interventions are delivered outside of health facilities. They include
many interventions of public health interest, such as food safety surveillance, distribution of
condoms and needle-exchange programs for the prevention of transmissible diseases.
They also include the services of professionals in residential and community settings in
support of self care, home care, long-term care, assisted living, treatment for substance use
disorders among other types of health and social care services.
Community rehabilitation services can assist with mobility and independence after loss of
limbs or loss of function. This can include prosthesis, orthotics or wheelchairs.
Many countries, especially in the west, are dealing with aging populations, so one of the
priorities of the health care system is to help seniors live full, independent lives in the
comfort of their own homes. There is an entire section of health care geared to providing
seniors with help in day-to-day activities at home such as transportation to and from doctor's
appointments along with many other activities that are essential for their health and
well-being. Although they provide home care for older adults in cooperation, family members
and care workers may harbor diverging attitudes and values towards their joint efforts. This
state of affairs presents a challenge for the design of ICT (information and communication
technology) for home care.
Because statistics show that over 80 million Americans have taken time off of their primary
employment to care for a loved one,many countries have begun offering programs such as
Consumer Directed Personal Assistant Program to allow family members to take care of their
loved ones without giving up their entire income.
With obesity in children rapidly becoming a major concern, health services often set up
programs in schools aimed at educating children about nutritional eating habits, making
physical education a requirement and teaching young adolescents to have positive
self-image
The health care industry incorporates several sectors that are dedicated to providing health
care services and products. As a basic framework for defining the sector, the United Nations'
International Standard Industrial Classification categorizes health care as generally
consisting of hospital activities, medical and dental practice activities, and "other human
health activities." The last class involves activities of, or under the supervision of, nurses,
midwives, physiotherapists, scientific or diagnostic laboratories, pathology clinics,
residential health facilities, patient advocates or other allied health professions.
In addition, according to industry and market classifications, such as the Global Industry
Classification Standard and the Industry Classification Benchmark, health care includes
many categories of medical equipment, instruments and services including biotechnology,
diagnostic laboratories and substances, drug manufacturing and delivery.
For example, pharmaceuticals and other medical devices are the leading high technology
exports of Europe and the United States. The United States dominates the biopharmaceutical
field, accounting for three-quarters of the world's biotechnology revenues
VARIOUS PHASES OF CHANGE IN UNFREEZING, CHANGING AND
REFREEZING:-
In the final stage, the Refreeze stage (sometimes called “Freeze”), the
changes made in the second stage are normalized in the organization’s
day-to-day activities. This process can be very slow, depending on the
scale of the changes being made, because it can take a long time for
members of the company to get used to new practices. Also, because
many organizations are changing constantly, it can be difficult for the
Refreeze stage to be completely successful. However, this stage is very
important for getting the changes to last and making sure that
employees are able to deal with changes efficiently.
1. Predisposing factors
2. Enabling factors
3. Reinforcing factors.
Among the factors that influence use of health services are two categories of enabling
resources: community-enabling resources (health personnel and facilities must be available),
and personal or family-enabling resources (people must know how to access and use the
services and have the means to get to them).
Enabling factors refer to characteristics of the environment that facilitate or impede healthy
behaviour. They also include the skills and resources required to attain a behaviour. For
example enabling factors for a mother to give oral rehydration salts to her child with diarrhoea
include having time, a suitable container and the salt solution itself.
Skills
A person or population may need to employ a number of skills to carry out all the tasks involved
in changing their behaviour. For some positive health behaviours it might be necessary to learn
new skills. For example if a breast feeding mother is not well trained on positioning and
attachment of her baby she may have difficulty in properly breastfeeding her child. Similarly, if
the mother is not well trained at a later stage on the preparation of complementary feeding, the
child may not get the nutrition they require.
Healthcare resources
A number of healthcare resources may also need to be in place if an individual or population is
to make and sustain a particular health-related behaviour change. The availability, accessibility
and affordability of these resources may either enable or hinder undertaking a particular
behaviour. For example, in a given health post the lack of availability of the family planning
method of choice for a mother may discourage her from utilisation of the service in the future.
Changing behaviour may also be easier if other aspects of one’s environment are supportive of
that change. For example policy initiatives or even laws might be in place that create a positive
atmosphere for change.
You may not immediately see the results of engagement activities, but you need to
remember the ultimate goal: Improved patient care. Building engagement takes time; it
is not a seasonal activity for leadership, management, HR, and Organizational
Development teams to tackle and then forget about. Instead, it should be a slow and
steady build that draws in more and more employees, and you must implement systems
and processes that will maintain your newly engaged culture.
Engaged employees enjoy their work and feel valued, which then translates into better
patient care and this equals financial reward. According to Curaspan Health Group, in a
2007 study of a nationwide system of 23 hospitals facilities with more engaged workers
had 8 percent higher net revenue per patient than facilities with lower engagement. I bet
that number and the correlation has only increased since then. With the right systems in
place, an investment in employee engagement now will yield tremendous and
sustainable returns in the future.
Planning/Adapting Exercises
Tag Team Game
participants are broken up into groups of 4-8 people and instructed to share
with their group their individual strengths and the positive attributes they feel
would lend to the success of their group. They are to write these strengths
and attributes down on a piece of paper. After their group discussion, each
team will be given one large sheet of paper, writing paper, markers, and a
pen. The groups should then be instructed to make the "ultimate team
into one imaginary person. This “person” should also receive a name, have a
picture drawn of them, and have their different attributes labeled. The group
should also write a story about this person, highlighting all of the things their
imaginary person can do with all of their amazing characteristics. At the end of
the exercise, each group should share their person with the group and read
the accompanying story. This exercise will help coworkers adapt to weakness
they feel they or a team member may have by understanding that as a group,
they are capable of having more strengths and positive attributes then they
This planning game only requires 15 coins of any time, including pennies. To
play, the instructor can create multiple teams of two or have on group play
another, with one representative from each team participating in each game
until everyone has had a turn. The set up is simple: a coin is tossed to decide
who goes first. Each side may remove two coins every time they call the it
removes the last coin. The game can be made more complex by upping the
number of coins a team can take when it’s their turn or by allowing coins to be
put back. With increased complexity, the activity allows the teams a strategic
planning stage. The goal is to have the players realize that simpler versions of
the game can easily be planned and controlled by the team/person playing
first.
The Paper Tower
Each participant is given a single sheet of paper and told that it’s absolutely
necessary that they construct the tallest free-standing structure in just five
minutes using no other materials. After the five minutes and a review of the
structure, who ran out of time, and what could be done differently next time.
The participants need to be split into two groups with an equal about of
players in each group. This planning exercise also requires that the
participants have paper, pens, and a map. The map can be of the state the
participants are in, of the whole country, or of a specific area. The area the
map covers doesn’t matter as much as the fact that each group needs a copy
of the same map. Instruct the teams to plan a vacation, which must be
planned within certain parameters. Each group should be given a list of what
they have for their trip, how much money they can use, what kind of car they
will have, the size of its gas tank, m.p.g., the price of gas, the beginning and
ending destination, and anything else you can think of. Each group should
write down their travel plans and any group that runs out of money or gas will
be disqualified. Awards can be given to the team that saw and did the most
with what they had or for the most exhausting trip, the most relaxing, etc. The
goal of team building exercises like this is to get coworkers working together
This planning game is ideal for small groups and only requires drinking straws
and some paper. The group leader needs to draw a large circle on a large
piece of paper with concentric circles within it. Then, each circle must be
assigned a score, with the biggest score being saved for the smallest, middle
circle. This paper is taped onto the middle of a large desk. Then, each
participant must gather around the table and be given a drinking straw. The
the group leader how many balls will be in play. The participants must blow
into their drinking straws to push the balls around. It sounds easy, but as more
balls come into play, the participants must plan with their coworkers how they
will push balls into high-scoring sections without moving balls that are already
around the table or having different players blow in different directions; it’s up
to the participants to create their plan of attack. The group leader can end the
game once they’ve reached a specific score or once each ball is in the middle.
create and follow through with a plan and it also encourages them to
communicate.
Trust Exercises
Mine Field
This trust exercise requires some setting up before it can be executed. It also
parking lot. The leader must distribute "mines," which they place haphazardly
around the area. These “mines” can be balls, bowling pins, cones, etc. This
issues, which is why they are paired into teams of two. One team member will
be blindfolded and cannot talk and the other can see and talk, but cannot
enter the field or touch their blindfolded teammate. The challenge requires
each blind-folded person to walk from one side of the field to the other,
Penalties can be put in place for each time a blindfolded person hits a mine,
but the real idea behind the game is to get the team members to trust their
way.
Running Free
This trust building exercise requires nothing more than a few blindfolds and a
large, flat area- preferably with grass. The group leader can either team
people up or allow them to pick their own partners. Once everyone is in teams
of two, one team member will be designated as the leader and the other as
the follower. The follower must wear a blindfold. The group leader will instruct
the leaders in each team to hold the hand of their blindfolded partner and take
them on a slow walk around the area for at least 3 minutes. This will allow the
partners to get accustomed to the process and their partner. After three
minutes, instruct the teams to take a normal-paced walk for three minutes.
After those three minutes are up, instruct the leaders to take their blindfolded
partners on a fast walk for thirty seconds. After each turn, the blindfolded
partner is developing more and more trust in their seeing partner. Instruct the
run, and lastly, a very fast 15 second run- with breaks in between. After the
last run, the follower can take off their blind fold and rest for a bit with their
partner before the process begins over again and the followers become the
leaders and vice versa. After the last run, a discussion can be had about the
process, whether or not it was difficult for participants to trust their partners
Slice ‘n Dice
This trust building exercise should take place outside and preferably, should
form two equal lines facing each other (creating a corridor) and to put their
arms straight out in front of them. Their arms should intersect, overlapping by
about a hand with the arms of the people opposite of them. The person at the
end of the corridor will walk down the corridor of arms. In order to let the
person pass, the other participants will have to raise and lower their arms.
That person will then join the corridor again and then the next person in line
will walk through. This process will continue until everyone has had a turn.
Now that the group is more confident, participants should be instructed to walk
quickly, run, or sprint down the corridor, trusting that the other participants will
let them pass without making them pause. For the last turn, the participants
making the corridor should be instructed to chop their arms up and down as
people run through. This exercise allows participants to build trust in their
Eye Contact
requires a certain amount of trust and respect. Some people avoid it, while
others simply aren’t very good at it; they make look away often or appear
exercise, though simple, can help coworkers become more comfortable and
trusting of each other through the practicing of eye contact. For this activity,
have people group into pairs and stand facing each other. The idea is to have
them stare into their partner’s eyes for at least 60 seconds. Neither participant
giggles at first, as it can feel somewhat awkward during the first try, but as
participants get the hang of it, it should become easier for them to make eye
This particular trust building exercise goes by different names, but usually
illustrates the same idea. This exercise is best suited for coworkers who
already know each other fairly well. One participant must volunteer or be
chosen to be the “willow.” The willow must stand in the middle of a group with
their eyes closed, their feet together, and body upright. They will perform a
series of “trust leans” against the other participants, whose job is to hold up
the willow and pass them around without allowing them to fall or feel
discuss “spotting” techniques to all participants. Those who are not the willow
must have one foot in front of the other, have their arms outstretched, elbows
locked, and fingers loose, as well as be ready and alert. This will ensure that
they will successfully pass the willow around without any troubles. Various
co-workers can take turns being the willow. This technique helps coworkers
establish and build trust with each other in an open, fun environment.
Group dynamics have broad and necessary applications. And there is arguably
no more of a need for such than in a healthcare setting as a result of the
fast-paced, high pressure, and seemingly always shifting focus from patient
need within policy framework. Nonetheless, the abilities for clinicians’ to
outcomes and effective and efficient use of system resources. This paper will
are unsure about the scope of clinical and/or health psychology, providing a
cohesive introduction and utility of your services may be necessary. (It is,
however, likely that the hospital may already have a brochure created, if so, skip
packet would be a nice way to further establish rapport and trust, not just
among your professional aims and skills, but it also provides an opportunity for
develop the shared identity as well as increase the value added proposition to
line to services rendered, and as healthcare policies continue to change,
providers and systems must adapt in real time Having each member create a
cultural competency and diversity training. As such, observing your team
members’ interactions with each other is crucial in order to address potential
issues within the group. The concept of microaggressions is especially relevant
making one feel isolated, underappreciated, targeted, and inferior Being able to
with group cohesion, trust, and rapport. This helps to create a culturally
equitable workplace, which is dependent on adopting policies and procedures to
and their patients. These services can reduce healthcare costs, reduce travel
telehealth services can also create conflict and exacerbate communication if
members of the team reside in different geographic locations where similar
Wellness
Wellness is a balanced state of health in both mind and body This concept is
especially important for both individual employees but as well with the group
members at large. Companies have wellness initiatives that promote physical
exercise and proper nutrition to improve employees’ physical, emotional, and
overweight or obese and nearly half reported to have at least one chronic
in terms of financial loss and personal burnout and/or turnover .In order to
slow the rising healthcare costs and maintain a productive workforce, wellness