Lessons Plan for Writing

LESSONS PLAN
MEETING 1 COURSE OVERVIEW

MEETING 2 Preparing to Write 1 (Pg. 1-3)

Learning to make good basic sentences with good tenses (present)

MEETING 3 Preparing to Write 2 (Pg. 4-6)

Applying adverb of time, adverb of frequency and adverb of place in
the basic sentences
MEETING 4 Starting to Write 1 (Pg. 7-9)
Learning to use adjectives and its order correctly and using them in
sentences
MEETING 5 Starting to Write 2 (Pg. 10-12)
Learning to use articles correctly in sentences.
MEETING 6 Starting to Write 3 (Pg. 13-15)
Learning to use preposition of time and preposition of place and using
them in basic sentences.
MEETING 7 MIDTERM EXAM for WRITING
Collecting take home test / writing products I (CV)
MEETING 8 OFF
There will be no class at this schedule during the midterm exam will be
conducted by university
MEETING 9 Sentence Development 1 (Pg. 16-18)
Learning how to make good basic sentences with good tenses (past)
MEETING 10 Sentence Development 2 (Pg. 19-21)
Combining sentences using relative pronoun and relative adverb
MEETING 11 Sentence Development 3 (Pg. 22-24)
Combining sentences using subordinate conjunctions
MEETING 12 Paragraph Development 1 (Pg. 25-26)
Learning to make main idea(s) of paragraph(s)
MEETING 13 Paragraph Development 2 (Pg. 27-28)
Developing supporting idea(s) of the main idea(s)
MEETING 14 Paragraph Development 3 (Pg. 29-30)
Developing detail(s) to make paragraph
MEETING 15 FINAL EXAM for WRITING
Writing product II (motivation letter or cover letter)
MEETING 16 OFF
Will be no class at this schedule during the midterm exam will be
conducted by university
 WHAT DO YOU DO
LESSON
ON WEEKEND?
1

Reading Read the passage and circle the activities that the people do.
THE WEEKEND COOK

Pic was taken from dadsthatcook.com

My dad works in a bank. He works there from Monday to Friday. He helps people.
He counts money, and he uses the computer. His job is important. He is an important
man at the bank.
Dad also works at home. On weekends he cooks dinner. Usually he fixes Italian
food. On Saturdays he makes spaghetti. On Sundays he makes pizza. Sometimes he
fries chicken or fixes Chinese food. My mother watches and helps. She cuts the
vegetables. She tosses the salad. I wash the dishes.
Some people say it is strange for a man to cook. My dad enjoys his hobby. Cooking
relaxes him. His father was a weekend cook, too.
Adopted from Developing Writing
Grammar Focus
Subject Pronoun is a word that replaces noun.
I (the speaker) we (the speaker and others)
you (the second person / the person to talk you (plural)
to)
the third person / the person who is talked about
he (masculine / male) they (plural for men, women, things, or
she (feminine / female) animals)
it (things and animals)

1
A. Rewrite the sentences by replacing the bolded subject noun in each sentence.

1. Dad and I make breakfast every weekend. 6. Katie carries a pitcher of milk.
2. Dad lets me stir the pancake dough. 7. The pitcher is too heavy for Katie.
3. Pancakes are my favorite food. 8. Milk spills all over the floor.
4. My little sister Katie wants to help. 9. Our two dogs clean up all the milk.
5. Katie and Mom set the table. 10. All of us have a good breakfast.

1. _______________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________________________________________

Simple present statements

I help my mom and dad. I don’t help my mom and dad. Don’t = do
not
You cook dinner for yourself. You don’t cook dinner for yourself. Doesn’t =
does not
He helps people in the bank. He doesn't help people in the bank.
She makes the salad. She doesn't make the salad.

We cook together on We don’t cook together on

weekend. weekend.
They think it is strange for a They don’t think it is strange for a
man to cook. man to cook.

B. Rewrite the words in the parentheses below with the correct form of the verb. Remember
that he, she, and it take -s forms.
1. Most women cook the dinners at home. (cook)
2. My mother cooks most of the time. (cook)
3. She ________ dinner on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. (make)
4. My father ________ Italian food on the weekends. (fix)
5. My brother and I ________ the dishes. (wash)

6. We ________ the salad, too. (help with)

2
7. I ________ to cook already. (know how)
8. Cooking ________ my father. (relax)
9. Important people ________ and ________ all day. (rush, hurry)
10. Often they _________ a hobby after work. (enjoy)

Game
In the puzzle below there are 10 words from this chapter. They may be located horizontally, vertically,
or diagonally and can be read from left or right. Read the clues and locate where the words are hidden.

W O R K S E O G R
C S S E X A L E R
O E K Y B C S F T
O K J Q O Y R S K
K A N U O I P T L
S M N J E L S Y R
W T N S E N L R X
S E D H N Z V D N

1. My dad .... to work from Monday to 6. 6. He ......spaghetti on Saturdays.

Friday.
2. My dad .... money at the bank. 7. He also .... chicken.
3. He also ...... with computer. 8. My mom .... him cutting vegetables.
4. At the bank, he.... very important. 9. My dad .... cooking so much.
5. On weekend my dad .... dinner. 10. His hobby ...him.

3
 LESSON WHAT DO YOU DO?
2

Conversation
Kevin : So, do you usually come to the
gym in the morning?
Allie : Yeah, I do. I usually come here
at 10:00.
Kevin : Really? What time do you go to
work?
Allie : Oh, I work in the afternoon. I
start work at five.
Kevin : Wow, that’s late. When do you
get home at night?
Allie : I usually get home at midnight.
Kevin : Midnight? That is late. What do
you do, exactly?
Allie : I’m a chef, I work at the Pink Copyright cdn.halloftheblackdragon.com
Elephant.
Kevin : That’s my favorite restaurant!
By the way, I’m Kevin……
th

Cam bridge Interchange 1, 4 edition.

Listen to the rest of the conversation. What time does Kevin get up? start work?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Grammar focus

Adverb of place tell us where something happens

here in north (of) above above
there to south (of) behind below
near at east (of) beside back
around on west (of) between around
Adverb of frequency tell how often something happens.
Adverb of frequency that come after a form of Adverb of frequency that come after other main
the verb to be; verbs;

Kevin is never late Kevin always gets up at 6 o’clock on weekdays.

Allie is usually busy Allie sometimes goes home after midnight.
I am always hungry I often work in the kitchen.

4
Below is a schedule that tells where each person in the family is during the week. Look at the
schedule, and then write all the sentences with adverbs of frequency in the correct position. Use this
scale as a guide: 7 days a week = always; 5 or 6 = usually; 4 = often; 2 or 3 = sometimes; 1 = rarely;
and 0 = never.
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Dad at home at the at the at the bank at the at the at home
bank bank bank bank
Mom at home at work at home at work at home at work at home
Junior at home at school at school at school at school at school at home

1. Dad is ________ at the bank. 4. She is ________ at work.

2. Junior is ________ at school. 5. They are ________ at home on the weekends.
3. Mother is ________ at home 6. They are ________ at home on Mondays.

Adverb of time. Sometimes adverbs of time can come at the beginning of a sentence. Rewrite these
sentences and place the adverb or phrase at the beginning.
1. Nobody is at home on Mondays.
On Mondays nobody is at home.
2. Dad works at the bank from Monday to Friday.
_______________________________________________________
3. Mom teaches at a school on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
_______________________________________________________
4. Junior is usually at school.
_______________________________________________________
5. Everybody is at home on weekends.
_______________________________________________________
6. Dad often cooks spaghetti or pizza.
_______________________________________________________
7. Mother sometimes goes out to work.
_______________________________________________________
8. She usually rushes home to fix dinner.
_______________________________________________________
9. Mother works very hard on Fridays.
_______________________________________________________
10. Dad usually helps her with the salad on Fridays.
_______________________________________________________

5
Exercise: Make a chart to show where the people in your family are and what they do each day.
Name Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Then write 5 sentences about your activities and 5 more sentences about your family’s activity based
on the chart above
1. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________________________
10. ____________________________________________________________________________

6
 LESSON WHAT DOES IT LIKE?
3

Reading. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the adjectives provided in the box.
ENORMOUS CABBAGES SHOW THE EFFECT OF
LONG ALASKAN DAYS
(Fairbanks) ……… Saturday at the Tanana Valley Fair, Oscar
Lindstrom won first prize for a sixty-pound cabbage.
Lindstrom grows the cabbages in Alaska, just outside the city
of Fairbanks.
Lindstrom says, “I don’t have any secrets for growing big
cabbages. They always grow big. The land along the Tanana
River is ……………, and the weather is warm here.”
Many people think that Alaska is always …………, but it
isn’t. Ocean winds bring warm air to the outer parts, so they
are mild. The inside part of the state has cold winters (•23 to
•34°C), but summers can be ……………. The temperature is
usually between 7 and 24°C near Fairbanks.
Winter comes ………., so the growing season is short. The
ground freezes in October, and winter lasts until May. Lindstrom has only 89 growing days, but that
is …………... In summer the days are long, and nights are short. Each night is only a few hours long,
so Lindstrom’s cabbages receive a lot of sunlight. They grow without stopping.
People at the fair talk about the cabbages every year: “Big cabbages!” “Enormous cabbages!”
“Enormous, …………., leafy green cabbages.”
Alaskans may grow more vegetables in the future, but now good land is limited. Mountains cover
the land, or trees grow on it. Most of the state’s food comes from the outside, so prices are ……….
Alaskans work hard, and they like their ……. state. Alaska is still new, but so many young Americans
are moving there. The state’s motto is: “North to the Future.”

good enough high delicious early

hot cold pretty wild last

Grammar Focus
Using adjectives to describe what a thing is like, and how a thing is.

The enormous cabbage shows Alaskan days. Now, good lands are limited.
The cold winter helps the cabbages grow. Alaska is still new.
Lindstrom has only 89 growing days. The growing season is short.

7
Adjectives in English can come after the verb to be, and they can come before the noun. If you
use more than one adjective to describe a noun, the adjectives follow a certain order. Number
Size or Shape Condition Color Origin.

The green Alaskan cabbages hit the fair.

Lindstrom grows the sixty-pound delicious white cabbages on his land.
People in Alaska, imported many important foods from outside the states.

A. Choose from the lists below and expand the following sentences with adjectives. See how
many different sentences you can make. You may use several adjectives in each sentence.
Number Size or Shape Condition Color Origin
one (a, an) enormous happy slow green Alaskan
two long leafy delicious dark Italian
three short hot important light Venezuelan
four sixty-pound pleasant wet black American
one hundred small cold friendly white Pacific
many large mild rainy red
most full busy snowy
all quick
1. Lindstrom grows…cabbages.
Lindstrom grows many sixty-pound Alaskan cabbages.
Lindstrom grows enormous leafy green cabbages.
2. Fairbanks has…winters.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Fairbanks has…summers.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. The outer parts of Alaska receive…winds.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Roberta has…family.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. They live in…house.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. He has…cats.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Sara lives in…apartment.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Paul and Pauline work in…restaurant.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

8
10. They put together…sandwiches.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Exercise. Make sentences based on the pictures below. Put your sentences into a paragraph.

Copyright cdn.turtlediary.com

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

9
 LESSON WHAT IS IT?
4

Reading: Analyze the text and identify articles (a, an, and the), then change, add or cross out the
articles if necessary.

ENGLISH DICTIONARY
There has never been the more exciting time to produce new dictionary. Everything is changing

and expanding: the English language itself, the technology that helps us to describe it, and a needs and

goals of those learning and teaching an English. The 1980s saw the development of an first large

corpora (special collections) of English text.

An another of the Macmillan English Dictionary’s innovations is that two similar but separate

editions have been created from same database: one for learners whose main target variety is the

American English, other for learners of British English. The differences are small but significant.

The Macmillan English Dictionary is the product of good linguistic data and high-quality

people. It has been an unique privilege to work with such the talented and creative team, and I would

like to thank a team for producing such a excellent book. I hope you enjoy results of our hard work and

find the dictionary pleasure to use.

(adapted from Rundell, M 2002, ‘Introduction’, Macmillan English dictionary for advanced learners, Macmillan Education, Oxford, p. x.)

Grammar focus
Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific
Definite article the Indefinite articles a / an
Used with a particular (or known) thing. Used with unspecific thing.
Use the for: Use a for: Use an for:
- names of rivers, oceans and seas: the - singular noun beginning - singular noun
Nile, the Pacific with a consonant: a boy; a beginning with a
- points on the globe: the Equator, the car; a bike; a zoo; a dog vowel: an elephant;
North Pole - singular noun beginning an egg; an apple; an
- geographical areas: the Middle East, with a consonant idiot; an orphan
the West sound: a user; - nouns starting with
- deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: a university; a unicycle silent "h": an hour
the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the - nouns starting with a
Black Forest, the Iberian Peninsula pronounced "h": a horse

10
A. Fill in the blanks with articles (a, an, or the) where necessary.
1. He thinks that ____ love is what will save us all.
2. I bought ____ new TV set yesterday.
3. Are you coming to ____ party next Saturday?
4. I watched ____ video you had sent me.
5. She was wearing ____ ugly dress when she met him.
6. Do you want to go to ____ restaurant where we first met?
7. She is ____ nice girl.
8. I am crazy about reading ____ history books.
9. He is ____ engineer.
10. I think ____ man over there is very ill. He can't stand on his feet.

B. Can you add articles (the / a / an) where necessary in the following text?
There are different kinds of reward. There is reward which has no natural connexion with
things you do to earn it, and is quite foreign to desires that ought to accompany those things.
Money is not natural reward of love; that is why we call man mercenary if he marries woman for
sake of her money. But marriage is proper reward for real lover, and he is not mercenary for
desiring it. General who fights well in order to get a peerage is mercenary; general who fights for
victory is not, victory being proper reward of battle as marriage is proper reward of love.

(Lewis, CS 1949, Transposition and other addresses, Geoffrey Bles, London, p. 22)
Rewrite the text here
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

11
 GAMES
1 2

3 4 5

7 8

10

11 12

13

14

15

Across 15. If you make a mistake in your writing, you

1. The instructor who leads the class. can fix it with an ____.
3. A person who goes to school in order to
learn. Down
5. An erasable writing utensil. 2. Assignments you work on outside of the
7. This small machine is used to solve math classroom.
problems. 4. A blank book you can write in.
8. You can go to the library to find a _____ to 6. A ________ is filled with colorful ink and
read. is usually used for drawing pictures. It can
9. You put your books in one of these and also be used to write on a "white board,"
carry it on your shoulders. not a chalkboard!
10. A writing utensil that uses ink. 12. This machine uses ink to print documents.
11. Your classroom might have a ______ so 13. A flat sheet to write upon.
you can type your work with the Office.
14. A powdery writing utensil that works best
on a blackboard.

12
 LESSON PEN PALS
5

Reading. Read the following text and circle the words that indicate place and time.

ROBERTO WRITES A LETTER

There are words that help the writer to refer to place where something or someone is located.
Can you find them in the text above? Work with your pair to find and list them.

13
Grammar focus
Preposition of time
at
- My last train leaves at
10:30/midnight.
- I will go shopping at
night/lunchtime.
- Are you going home at
Christmas/Easter?
- She is working at the
moment/the end of April.
in
- We are going to visit them in
2019/May/winter.
- He is leaving in the
morning/afternoon/evening.
- They manage to finish the job
in two weeks/a day.
- She will go in few minutes/a
couple of days.
on
- I will see you on Friday.
- He was born on 29 th April
1999.
- He moves to a new house on
Christmas Eve/on his
birthday.

A. Fill in the blanks either with the appropriate preposition of time (at, in, on) or without any.
1. I left work ______ ten o'clock last night.
2. I saw Bob in the street ______ yesterday.
3. I didn't get time to come and visit you ______ last Tuesday.
4. He used to be a regular visitor ______ Tuesdays.
5. I phoned her up and spoke to her ______ Wednesday morning.
6. I last saw him ______ the beginning of September.
7. I saw him sometime ______ June.
8. Were you at the last meeting ______ July 13?
9. We bought the company ______ Thursday, 22 May.
10. I spoke to her ______ three weeks ago.
11. I bought this computer ______ the start of the summer.
12. I bought this computer ______ the summer.
13. I bought this computer ______ last summer.
14. This style was very popular ______ the 1970's.
15. They were very popular ______ the middle of the 19th Century.

Preposition of place
at is used
- Angie is still at
home/reception/Helen’s flat.
- I study German at
college/school/university.
- They live at 70, Duncombe
Place.
- I meet her at the conference.
in is used on is used
- Driving in France/a small - The letter is on my desk/the
village is dangerous. wall/the first floor.
- They have a picnic in the - The bank is on the corner of
park/Nottingham. King Street/the Rhine/the
- Can you take a seat in the left.
office/waiting room, please?
- There is a fresh milk in the
fridge.
- Is there sugar in your
coffee/the butter?

B. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate preposition of place (at, in, on).
1. I didn't have time to read the whole report properly. I just looked at it quickly while I was ___
plane.
2. You can see all members of our staff ___ this photograph.
3. Our headquarters are ___ 65 Long Street.
4. The address mentioned ___ the booklet is out of date.

14
5. Where those letters that I left ___ my desk?
6. I saw a mistake ___ beginning of the text.
7. What time do you arrive ___ the airport?
8. Do not sit ___ this stool. It is broken.
9. It is easy to get there. Turn left ___ the next crossing and you will see a big green building.
10. There are not many public toilets ___ the city center.

Time to write
Write a letter to a pen pal telling who you are and what you are doing now. Make it as short as
one or two paragraphs, and tell him/her to write a reply for you. You can work in pairs but you
must submit and individual letter. Collect your individual work in a piece of paper.

15
 LESSON A TIME TO REMEMBER
6

Reading
Scan the article. Where was Nicole Kidman born? Where was she married? When did she win an
Academy Award?

Nicole Kidman: New Hollywood Royalty

Actress Nicole Kidman was born in Honolulu,
Hawaii, in 1967. Her father, an Australian, was a
student in Hawaii at the time. When she was 4, the
family returned to Australia, and Kidman grew up
in a suburb of Sydney.

Kidman became interested in acting early on.

Her first experience came when she was 6 years old
and she played a sheep in her school’s Christmas
pageant. She trained in drama and dance through
her teen years. She got a couple of TV parts before
she made her breakthrough: In 1985, the Australian
Film Institute named her Actress of the Year for her
role in the TV miniseries Vietnam. She was only 17.

In 1989, Kidman appears in the creepy thriller

Dead Calm. This performance earns her the lead
role in her first American movie, Days of Thunder.
Her costar is Tom cruise. Following a whirlwind
romance, Kidman and Cruise are married in Nicole Kidm an won Golden Globes copyright http://www.eonline.com

Colorado on Christmas Eve, 1990

During the marriage, Kidman’s career continues to grow. She and Cruise adopt two children, and
they work hard to balance their careers and family life.

Unfortunately, the marriage does not last. Kidman and Cruise divorce in 2001. After the divorce,
Kidman throws herself into her work. She stars in a number of high-profile movies. Including the
musical Moulin Rouge. Then, in 2003, she wins both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for
her role as Virginia Woolf in the film The Hours.

And what does she think of her fame? “It is a fleeting moment,” she has said. “How long will it
last? Who knows? But it is here and it is now.”

16
Grammar Focus
Use the simple past tense for a completed action within an exact time.
I fell asleep before the end of the movie, last night.
A year ago, someone offered them a much better job.
In 2000, a celebrity bought a pair of glasses from my store.

A. Complete these sentences. Then compare with a partner.

1. Last year I (go) ________ to England on holiday.
2. It (be) _______ fantastic.
3. I (visit) _______ lots of interesting places.
4. I (be) _______ with two friends of mine.
5. In the mornings we (walk) _______ in the streets of London.
6. In the evenings we (go) _______ to pubs.
7. The weather (be) _______ strangely fine.
8. It (not / rain) _______ a lot.
9. But we (see) _______ some beautiful rainbows.
10. Where (spend / you) _______ your last holiday?

Coordinate conjunction joins two clauses to clarify the relationship between two parts
I go to the library. I love to read.
F
I go to the library, for I love to read
A I like to eat cookies. I like to drink milk.
I like to eat cookies, and I like to drink milk.
N I refuse to hug to people I don’t know. I will not kiss them.
I refuse to hug to people I don’t know, nor will I kiss them.
B Sheila likes soup. Sometimes she orders something different.
Sheila likes soup, but sometimes she orders something different.
O He could go to the bar. He could go to work.
He could go to the bar, or he could go to work.
Y He had been crying all day. The man made him laugh.
He had been crying all day, yet the man made him laugh.
S The lady was feeling ill. She went home to bed.
The lady was feeling ill, so she went home to bed.

B. Turn the sentence pairs into single compound sentences with a coordinating conjunction.
You can rearrange or add words in the sentence to make it sounds better, but only if
necessary.

1. The black dog has won many prizes. He does not know many tricks.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. She saw a cat run in front of her. She fell down while roller-skating.
_____________________________________________________________________________

17
 3. There was a meteor shower. The crew did not know how to avoid the meteors.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. I wanted to buy a baby Chihuahua. I started to save my money.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. Gillian did not like to read. She was not very good at it.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. Pam liked Wayne. Leena also liked Wayne.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. The little boy did not like going to school. He went anyway.
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. You can cry like a baby. You can clean your room like an adult.
_____________________________________________________________________________
9. She did not want to play with Jill. She did not want to play with Tim.
_____________________________________________________________________________
10. Arleen could not play with that boy. Arleen could not play with that other boy.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Games Do you still remember the use of each coordinating conjunction? Fill this crossword puzzle to
test your memory.

ACROSS

4. Conjunction for showing choice or option

5. Conjunction for connecting two or more ideas
7. Another conjunction for showing contrast or exception

DOWN

1. Conjunction for showing consequence

2. Conjunction for showing reason or purpose
3. Conjunction for connecting two or more ideas
6. Conjunction for showing contrast or exception

18
 LESSON ONLINE SHOPPING
7

Reading Read the text. Do you know any other startup for shopping? What is eBay? How
did he come up with the idea of making eBay?

Pierre Omidyar and His Idea: eBay

Did you ever want to sell a birthday present that you did not like? Or an old toy that is
taking up space in your closet? In the old days, buyers and sellers were limited to newspapers,
garage sales, and flea markets in the area where they lived. But in the early 1990s, when people
started to use the Internet, Pierre Omidyar had an idea. Omidyar, who was working as a
computer programmer, realized that sellers no longer had to be limited to finding buyers who
lived in their local area. He came up with the idea of eBay, which he started as a hobby. He did
not charge money at first because he was not sure eBay would work. Buying online requires
you to trust sellers whom you’ve never met. But people liked eBay. Soon there was so much
activity on eBay that his Internet service provider upgraded his site to a business account, which
was no longer free. So Omidyar started to charge the sellers a small fee for each sale. Before
long, this hobby grew into a big business.
By 1998, eBay had become so big that Omidyar needed a business expert. He brought
in Meg Whitman, whose knowledge of business helped make eBay a success. She changed
eBay from a company that sold used things in several categories to a large marketplace of
seventy-eight million items, both new and used, in fifty thousand categories.

Grammar focus
Using relative pronoun to join two sentences.
Lord Thompson has just He is 77 years old.
retired.
Use who and/or whom
Lord Thompson, who is 77 years old, has just retired
to refer to people
Lord Thompson met Jodie. I saw her in the class.
Lord Thompson met Jodie, whom I saw in the class.
We met a girl last night. The girl did the speech therapy
two years ago.
We met a girl last night that did the speech therapy course two
Use that and/or which
years after you. (for person/people)
to refer either to people
She blamed herself for many Many things had happened.
or things
things.
She blamed herself for many things that had happened. (for
things)
Use whose for people He is marrying a girl. The girl’s family do not seem
and animals to indicate to like him
possession. He is marrying a girl whose family do not seem to like him.

19
A. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence by using a relative pronoun (who,
whom, that, which, whose or where).

1. A boy’s bike was taken. He visited the police station.

______________________________________________________________________
2. I went to a girl’s party. She phoned me.
______________________________________________________________________
3. A friend met me at the airport. He carried my suitcase.
______________________________________________________________________
4. Tom cooked a meal. It was delicious.
______________________________________________________________________
5. A friend is staying with me. She comes from Paris.
______________________________________________________________________
6. I found a man’s wallet. He gave me a reward.
______________________________________________________________________
7. I know someone. This person likes you.
______________________________________________________________________

Language in use
Read the sentences. Look at the words in blood match them with their meaning a-h
1. Click ‘confirm’ to place an order. A. to type particular words so that
you can start using a computer
system
2. You need to sign in to your account before you B. the amount of something
can buy anything.
3. Does it say whether they have that model in C. the money that you pay to have
stock? something you have bought sent
to you
4. You’ve accidentally added two of those to the D. a part of a shopping website
basket; you need to remove one. where you enter information to
make a payment
5. After you’ve clicked ‘go to checkout’, you can E. available to buy
enter your payment details.
6. The price seems cheap but it doesn’t include F. a part of a shopping website that
postage and packing. contains information about what
you have chosen to buy before
you pay for it
7. The estimated date for delivery is 28th G. when parcels, letters, goods, etc
September. are taken to a place
8. If you’d like to buy two copies, make sure H. to make a request for a product
you’ve selected the correct quantity. to be delivered to you

20
Grammar focus
Using relative adverb to join two sentences.
I know a restaurant. The food there (in the
Use where to refer to places restaurant) is excellent.
I know a restaurant where the food is excellent.
There is not a day. I do not feel rushed off my
Use when to refer to times feet.
There is not a day when I do not feel rushed off my feet.
Use why to refer to a reason I do not know the reason. The shop is closed today.
I do not know the reason why the shop is closed today
B. Choose the correct relative adverb for these sentences.

1. A horror film was the reason _______ I couldn't sleep last night.
2. This is the building ______ Sue and Peter got married.
3. A greengrocer's is a shop ______ you can buy vegetables.
4. 25 December is the day ______ children in Great Britain get their Christmas
presents.
5. A famine was the reason ______ so many Irish people emigrated to the USA in the
19th century.
6. The day ______ I arrived was very nice.
7. July and August are the months ______ most people go on holiday.
8. Edinburgh is the town ______ Alexander Graham Bell was born.

C. Go to reading se ction and circle the relative pronoun and adverb words. Can you find it?

Language in use

21
 LESSON LIFE STORY AND LESSON
8
Reading

Sam Aisha

Growing up in a family that had to

be careful with money, I learned
valuable lessons that still help me today.
Even though we didn’t have much extra
money, our house was always filled with
people and laughter. I learned that it is
not necessary to have a lot of money in
order to celebrate a birthday or a
holiday. For me, special occasions are
not about buying gifts – they are about
getting together with people I care about.
Since I’m a student now, I always plan
potluck parties. After picking the date, I
ask my friends to bring some food or
drinks to the party to share. Because
everyone pitches in, everyone wants the
party to be a success – and it always is!

Grammar focus
Using subordinating conjunction to join two sentences.
Before I moved into my new apartment last year, I thought about some of the things I wanted to buy.
Or
I thought about some of the things I wanted to buy before I moved into my new apartment last year.
I thought about some of the things I wanted to buy. I moved into my new apartment last year.
_______________________________________________________________________________

I went to an auction website. _____________________________________

List of subordinating conjunction:
after as long as before however since until
although because even though in order to unless since
Can you find more subordinating conjunctions?

22
A. Now find more examples of sentences with subordinating conjunction from the reading
section

1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________________________________

B. Complete these sentences with your own information.

1. I chose my major because ……
_________________________________________________________
2. I send personal chat to my friends if ……………
_________________________________________________________
3. I will give my friend a hand unless ……………
_________________________________________________________
4. I love my best friend even though ……………
_________________________________________________________
5. As soon as I graduate from this program …….
_________________________________________________________

23
Games

Clues

1. I put on my rain coat ______ it was raining.

2. I am glad that my mother made me take piano lessons when I was child _____ I hated it at that
time. Now, I play the piano every day.
3. Oscar will not pass his math course ______ he gets a tutor
4. _____ Marco finishes his degree, he plans to seek employment in an engineering firm.
5. Maria waits her husband Al goes to work ______ she calls her friends on the phone.
6. I have worked hard to help support my family ______ I was child.
7. Mr. Johnson regularly returns his e-mail messages ______ he has some free time from his
principal duties.
8. Productivity in a factory increases ____ the workplaces is made pleasant.
9. Ismail will be able to work more efficiently ______ he becomes familiar with the new workplace.
10. _____ some chairs are soft, others are hard.

24
 COVER LETTER
LESSON
FOR PART-TIME JOB
9
Reading

dear sir / madam,

regarding the english instructor position currently advertised on

monster.ca, please find attached a copy of my resume for your
consideration. i am looking to gain practical experience within teaching
young learners and feel that a part-time position within teachers room
would help me to demonstrate the abilities i have.
i have been studying english in a reputable and have already gained some
experience as a private tutor at language school center where i designed
english lessons and taught english to elementary school students.
i believe my skills in teaching english would make me a positive addition
to your team. if you would like to get in touch to discuss my application
and to arrange an interview, you can contact me via phone on +62 88 717
946 559 or email on cameronmendez7@singledomain.com.
i look forward to hearing from you soon.
yours sincerely,

cameron mendez

Mechanic Focus

Using capital letters in your writing

• Use capital letter in the beginning of sentences.

• Use capital letter for names of people.
• Use capital letter for days of the week.
• Use capital letter for the names of streets, cities, states, countries, and languages.
• Use capital letter for the names of continents, oceans, rivers, mountains, and valleys
• Use capital letter for months of the year.
• Use capital letter for names of companies and stores.

A. Rewrite the following sentences with correct capital letter. There are 25.
1. my favorite books are green eggs and ham and horton hears a who.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. on sunday, i will see the movie star wars and eat at taco bell.
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. terry and louis went to central park last july.

_____________________________________________________________________________

25
 4. she has a friend from london, england.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. did you know that abraham lincoln was the sixteenth president?
_____________________________________________________________________________

B. Circle the words in the cover letter of reading section that need capital letter.

Mechanic Focus
Use correct punctuation mark in every sentence of your writing.
(.) period/full stop Use it at the end of sentences.
Use it for contraction with be
(‘) apostrophe
Use it for possessive (‘s)
(?) question mark Use it at the end of questions
Use it between coordinate clauses
(,) comma Use it after a subordinate clause
Use two commas between items in series

A. Use appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences

1. The girls father sat in a corner
2. Did you understand why I was upset
3. She always enjoyed sweets chocolate marshmallow and toffee apples
4. Pauls neighbors were terrible so his brothers friends went round to have a word
5. Pauls grandads the winner of the month

Writing a paragraph
You need a main idea to write a paragraph. It is what paragraph will be about and what things you
want to tell the readers.

• Identify the main idea of each paragraph in reading section, so later on you can make yours. Circle
the word(s) that represent the main idea(s).
• After identifying the main idea, now you can make your own main idea for your cover letter’s
paragraphs. Discuss with your friends or ask guidance from your teacher.

26
 COVER LETTER
LESSON
VIA EMAIL
10
Reading: Read and circle the main idea of each paragraph.

New Mail

andrewcollin@123.com

Editorial Assistant Position - Jane Jones

Dear Hiring Manager,
I would like to express my deep interest in a position as editorial assistant for your publishing
company.
As a recent graduate with writing, editing, and administrative experience, I believe I am a strong
candidate for a position at the 123 Publishing Company.
You specify that you are looking for someone with strong writing skills. As an English major at
XYZ University, a writing tutor, and an editorial intern for both a government magazine and a
college marketing office, I have become a skilled writer with a variety of publication experience.
My maturity, practical experience, attention to detail, and eagerness to enter the publishing
business will make me an excellent editorial assistant. I would love to begin my career with your
company and am confident that I would be a beneficial addition to the 123 Publishing
Company.
I have enclosed my resume as your consideration. Thank you so much for your time and
consideration.

Sincerely,

Jane Jones
111 Main Street
Town, NY 11111
Cell: (555) 555-5555
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/janejones

Writing a paragraph
After you decide the main idea of each paragraph that you will write, you need to expand the idea so
that it becomes a sentence. This sentence containing your main idea is topic sentence . Every good
paragraph will have a topic sentence .

Example of topic sentence from a main idea:

- Shopping I really do not like shopping in supermarkets.
- Supermarkets I am so happy to live near supermarkets.
- My favorite day of the year Idul Fitri is my favorite day of the year.

27
A. Underline the topic sentence of each main idea.

B. Make two topic sentences for these ideas.

1. My favorite holiday
a) ____________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________
2. The major I took
a) ____________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________
3. A good student
a) ____________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________
4. Movie inspire me
a) ____________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________
5. A good teacher
a) ____________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________

C. Now look at the main ideas that you made last meeting. Develop two topic sentences for each
main idea you made.

28
 COVER LETTER
LESSON
FOR FRESH GRADUATES
11

Reading: Underline the topic sentences of each paragraph.

Josh Michaels
4 Church St.
Sometown, NJ 08888
(555) 555-5555
josh@somedomain.com

20 February 2018

Katherine Yu
HR Director
ABC Company
1530 State St.
Anytown, NJ 08999

Dear Ms. Yu:

Your advertisement for an HR assistant fits my qualifications perfectly, and I am
writing to express my interest in and enthusiasm for the position.
After completing a business degree from Rutgers University in May, I enrolled in a
human resource development program to enhance my credentials in my chosen field.
Course highlights include: Leadership in an Organizational Setting, Performance & Task
Analysis in Human Resource Development, and Technology in HR Settings.
Based on your description of the ideal candidate, I also offer:
• A solid educational foundation in organizational development, employee training and
development skills and knowledge of how to use technology to improve individual /
organizational performance
• A proven ability to build rapport with individuals from all backgrounds
• A track record of excellent performance as a part-time/summer employee concurrent
with full-time college enrollment
I would very much like to meet in person to share more of my qualifications and learn
more about your HR support needs. Please feel free to call me at (555) 555-5555 or email
at josh@somedomain.com.
Thank you for your time and review of the enclosed resume, and I look forward to
speaking with you.

Sincerely,

Josh Michaels
Enclosure: Resume

What are the structure of a cover letter? Mention and give numbers to each structure you find in
the reading section.

29
Writing a paragraph
Now our writing paragraph sessions have come to its end.in order that the reader have detailed
imagination about the overall paragraph, it should contain supporting details. Supporting details
can be reasons, examples, explanations, comparisons, or descriptions.
Example of supporting details:
1. Big Bear Tradition In my village there is a tradition called Big Bear.
a. Gathering in Big Bear Lake and renting a cabin
b. Having parties in the Convention Center
c. Having activities for kids and adults
2. To be effective, feedback on someone's work must have certain characteristics
a. Well-timed
b. Accurate
c. Customized to recipient

A. Underline the supporting details of each topic sentence in reading section.

B. Give some supporting details to these topic sentences.

1. I am going to say that Malang is a wonderful place to visit.

Detail 1: _____________________________________________________________________
Detail 2: _____________________________________________________________________
Detail 3: _____________________________________________________________________
2. Tablet PCs are small, hand-held electronic that come in a range of prices and capabilities.
Detail 1: _____________________________________________________________________
Detail 2: _____________________________________________________________________
Detail 3: _____________________________________________________________________
3. Breakfast is important to get your metabolism going.
Detail 1: _____________________________________________________________________
Detail 2: _____________________________________________________________________
Detail 3: _____________________________________________________________________

C. Now look at the topic sentences that you made last meeting. Develop three supporting details
for one topic sentence of the main ideas.

30
 REFERENCES

Azar, B. S. (2000) Understanding and Using English Grammar 3 Edition. Addison Wesley Longman,
rd
Inc.
Foley, M & Hall, D. (2012) My Grammar Lab Advanced C1/C2. Pearson Education Limited. England.
Peterson, P. W. (2003) Developing Writing: Writing Skills Practice Book for EFL
Beginning/Intermediate Level. United States Department of State: Office of Language Program.
Richards, J. C. (2004) Interchange 2 Student’s Book 3 Edition. Cambridge University Press.
rd

Richards, J. C. (2012) Interchange 1 Student’s Book 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C. (2012) Interchange Intro Student’s Book 4 Edition. Cambridge University Press.
th

31