PREFARAOTRY ITEMS

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

January 02, 2018.

Dr. Vijay Wagh
Director,
Sheila Raheja School of Business Management & Research,
Bandra, Mumbai - 400051.

Report: Presentation of research report on Yoga management in India

Respected sir,
The report outlined in the research proposal of March 26, 2018, is complete. We have
personally supervised the project, conducted the statistical analysis and prepared the report along
with the research associates:-

The report addresses the key decision statement and helps in finding the reason for the
impact of the government policies on leather industries. The key research questions involve the
management of yoga in India. Thus the conclusions confirm to the deliverables described in the
proposal letter.

We successfully accomplished the research project as described in the outline. We were

able meet our goals for surveying the group of people.
Yours Sincerely,
Group No 14
ROLL NO NAME SIGNATURE
106 Karan Bhosle

144 Aaditya Shah

147 Akshay Shinde
153 Abhishek Sonawane
 A PROJECT REPORT ON

A STUDY ON YOGA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Group No.:- 6
SUBMITTED BY

Sr. No. Name Roll No. Remarks

1 KARAN BHOSLE 106
2 AADITYA SHAH 144
3 ABHISHEK 153
SONAWANE
4 AKSHAY 147
SHINDE

SUBMITTED TO

DR. VIJAY WAGH

SHEILA RAHEJA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT &

RESEARCH

ACADEMIC YEAR
2019 -2020

FYMMS SEM II
 AUTHORIZATION LETTER

Jan 02, 2018

Director,
Sheila Raheja School of Business Management.

Dear Students,

After reviewing the proposed study, “Yoga management in India”, presented by

the students of Sheila Raheja School of Business Management, I have granted
permission for the study to be conducted at the name of the institute.

The purpose of study is to conduct the research on “Yoga management in India.”

The primary activity will be to study and find out “Yoga management in India.”

The students have prepared the project step by step according to the topic taught
after every lecture under my guidance.

The project will be assessed considered as a part of internal marks of assessment

of Group No. 14.

Sincerely,
Dr. Vijay Wagh,
Director,
Sheila Raheja School of Business Management, Bandra.
 Table of Contents

Sr.No. TOPICS Page

no.
Prefatory Items
1 Letter of Transmittal
2 Title Page
3 Letter of Authorization
4 Executive Summary
5 Table of Contents
Introduction
6 Problem Statement
7 Research Objective
8 Research Hypothesis
9 Research Design
10 Literature Review
Methodology
11 Sample Strategy
12 Findings
13 Data Analysis
14 Hypothesis Testing
15 Limitation
16 Conclusions
Appendices
17 Sample Questionnaire
18 Research Proposal
19 Bibliography
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

To study, the growth of Yoga in the India.

 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

1. To examine, the impact of Yoga on teachers

and professors .
2. To examine, the effect of Yoga as
stress management .
3. To examine, the effect of Yoga for meditation.
 HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT

Set 1.
H0: There is impact of Yoga in the India.
H1: There is no impact of Yoga in the India.

Set 2.
H0: Yoga helps to meditate.
H1: Yoga doesn't helps to meditate.

Set 3.
H0: Yoga is useful to have a healthy life.
H1: Yoga is not useful to have a healthy life.
 RESEARCH DESIGN

1. To know the impact of Yoga in regular life.

2. To know how Yoga helps to control your stress.

3. To know how Yoga helps to have a healthy life.

 LITERATURE REVIEW
CRICKET
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a
field at the centre of which is a 20-metre (22-yard) pitch with a wicket at each
end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side
scores runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the
bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each player (so they
are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the
stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side catching the ball after it
is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground. When ten players have been
dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated
by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international
matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's
statistical information.

There are various formats ranging from Twenty20, played over a few hours with
each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches, played over five
days with unlimited overs and the teams each batting for two innings of unlimited
length. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they
wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective
gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of
compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core which is
layered with tightly wound string.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket

https://www.icc-cricket.com/
ORIGIN

Cricket is one of many games in the "club ball" sphere that basically involve hitting a ball
with a hand-held implement; others are baseball, golf, hockey, tennis, squash, badminton, and
table tennis.[2] In cricket's case, a key difference is the existence of a solid target structure,
the wicket (originally, it is thought, a "wicket gate" through which sheep were herded), that
the batsman must defend.[3] The cricket historian Harry Altham identified three "groups" of
"club ball" games: the "hockey group", in which the ball is driven to and fro between two
targets (the goals); the "golf group", in which the ball is driven towards an undefended target
(the hole); and the "cricket group", in which "the ball is aimed at a mark (the wicket) and
driven away from it".[4]

It is generally believed that cricket originated as a children's game in the south-eastern

counties of England, sometime during the medieval period.[3] Although there are claims for
prior dates, the earliest definite reference to cricket being played comes from evidence given
at a court case in Guildford on Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian calendar; equating to 30
January 1598 in the Gregorian calendar). The case concerned ownership of a certain plot of
land and the court heard the testimony of a 59-year-old coroner, John Derrick, who gave
witness that:[5][6][7]

"Being a scholler in the ffree schoole of Guldeford hee and diverse of his fellows did runne
and play there at creckett and other plaies".
From Abhidharma Buddhism's idea of nirodhasamadhi, suggests Larson, Yoga
Sutras adopt the pursuit of altered state of awareness, but unlike Buddhist's concept
of no self nor soul, Yoga is physicalist and realist like Samkhya in believing that
each individual has a self and soul. [164] The third concept Yoga Sutras synthesize
into its philosophy is the
ancient ascetic traditions of meditation and introspection, as well as the yoga
ideas from middle Upanishads such as Katha, Shvetashvatara and Maitri.[164]
Patanjali's Yoga Sutras are widely regarded as the first compilation of the formal
yoga philosophy.[165] The verses of Yoga Sutras are terse. Many later Indian
scholars studied them and published their commentaries, such as the Vyasa
Bhashya (c. 350–450 CE) .[166]Patanjali's yoga is also referred to as Raja yoga.
[167] Patanjali defines the word "yoga" in his second sutra:
ययययययययययययययययययय
(yogaś citta-vrttiṇ-nirodhah)ṇ
- Yoga Sutras 1.2
This terse definition hinges on the meaning of three Sanskrit terms. I. K. Taimni
translates it as "Yoga is the inhibition (nirodhah)ṇof the modifications (vrtti)ṇ of
the mind (citta)". [168] Swami
Vivekananda translates the sutra as "Yoga is restraining the mind- stuff (Citta)
from taking various forms (Vrittis)."] Edwin Bryant explains that, to Patanjali,
"Yoga essentially consists of meditative practices culminating in attaining a
state of consciousness free from all modes of active or discursive thought, and
of eventually attaining a state where consciousness is unaware of any object
external to itself, that is, is only aware of its own nature as consciousness
unmixed with any other object."
If the meaning of yoga is understood as the practice of nirodha (mental control),
then its goal is "the unqualified state of niruddha (the perfection of that
process)", [172] according to Baba Hari Dass.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com
www.yogabuzz.org
In that context, "yoga (union) implies duality (as in joining of two things or
principles); the result of yoga is the nondual state", and "as the union of the lower
self and higher Self. The nondual state is characterized by the absence of
individuality; it can be described as eternal peace, pure love, Self-realization, or
liberation."[

Patanjali's writing also became the basis for a system referred to as "Ashtanga
Yoga" ("Eight-Limbed Yoga"). This eight-limbed concept is derived from the
29th Sutra of the Book 2 of Yoga Sutras. They are:
1. Yama (The five "abstentions"): Ahimsa (Non-violence, non-harming other
living beings), Satya (truthfulness, non-falsehood), Asteya (non-stealing),
[176] Brahmacharya (celibacy, fidelity to one's partner), and
Aparigraha (non-avarice, non-possessiveness).
2. Niyama (The five "observances"): Śauca (purity, clearness of mind, speech
and body), [177] Santosha (contentment, acceptance of others and of one's
circumstances), [178] Tapas (persistent meditation, perseverance, austerity),
[179] Svādhyāya (study of self, self-reflection, study of Vedas), and
Ishvara-Pranidhana (contemplation of God/Supreme Being/True Self) .[178]
3. Asana: Literally means "seat", and in Patanjali's Sutras refers to the
seated position used for meditation.
4. Pranayama ("Breath exercises"): Prāna, breath, "āyāma", to
"stretch, extend, restrain, stop".
5. Pratyahara ("Abstraction"): Withdrawal of the sense organs
from external objects.
6. Dharana ("Concentration"): Fixing the attention on a single object.
7. Dhyana ("Meditation"): Intense contemplation of the nature of the object
of meditation.
8. Samadhi ("Liberation"): merging consciousness with the object of
meditation.

www.gympik.com
www.healthdealstoday.club
Yoga and Vedanta
Yoga and Vedanta are the two largest surviving schools of Hindu traditions. They
share many thematic principles, concepts and belief in self/soul, but diverge in
degree, style and some of their methods. Epistemologically, Yoga school accepts
three means to reliable knowledge, while Advaita Vedanta accepts six ways. [181]
Yoga disputes the monism of Advaita Vedanta. [182] Yoga school believes that in
the state of moksha , each individual discovers the blissful, liberating sense of
himself or herself as an independent identity; Advaita Vedanta, in contrast,
believes that in the state of moksha, each individual discovers the blissful,
liberating sense of himself or herself as part of Oneness with everything, everyone
and the Universal Self. They both hold that the free conscience is aloof yet
transcendent, liberated and self-aware. Further, Advaita Vedanta school enjoins
the use of Patanjali's yoga practices and the reading of Upanishads for those
seeking the supreme good, ultimate freedom and jivanmukti .[182]
Yoga Yajnavalkya
Main article: Yoga Yajnavalkya
यययययययययययययययययययययययययययययययय
saṁyogo yoga ityukto jīvātma-paramātmanohयṇ
Yoga is union of the individual self (jivātma) with the supreme
self (paramātma).
—Yoga Yajnavalkya[183]
The Yoga Yajnavalkya is a classical treatise on yoga attributed to the Vedic sage
Yajnavalkya. It takes the form of a dialogue between Yajnavalkya and Gargi , a
renowned philosopher. The text contains 12 chapters and its origin has been
traced to the period between the second century BCE and fourth century CE.
Many yoga texts like the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the Yoga Kundalini and the Yoga
Tattva Upanishads have borrowed verses from or make frequent references to the
Yoga Yajnavalkya.
www.yogafordaily.com
www.theyogacollective.com
 The Yoga Yajnavalkya discusses eight yoga Asanas – Swastika, Gomukha,
Padma, Vira, Simha, Bhadra, Mukta and Mayura, numerous breathing
exercises for body cleansing, [188] and meditation.
Jainism
Main article: Jainism

Tirthankara Parsva in Yogic meditation in the Kayotsarga posture.

According to Tattvarthasutra, 2nd century CE Jain text, yoga is the sum of all the
activities of mind, speech and body.[5] Umasvati calls yoga the cause of "asrava" or
karmic influx [190] as well as one of the essentials— samyak caritra—in the path to
liberation. [190] In his Niyamasara, Acarya Kundakunda, describes yoga bhakti—
devotion to the path to liberation—as the highest form of devotion. [191] Acarya
Haribhadra and Acarya Hemacandra mention the five major vows of ascetics and
12 minor vows of laity under yoga. This has led certain Indologists like Prof.
Robert J. Zydenbos to call Jainism, essentially, a system of yogic thinking that
grew into a full-fledged religion. [192] The five yamas or the constraints of the Yoga
Sutras of Patanjali bear a resemblance to the five major vows of Jainism, indicating
a history of strong cross-fertilization between these traditions. [193][note 20]
Mainstream Hinduism's influence on Jain yoga can be see
in Haribhadra 's Yogadr ṇsisamuccayaṇtṇ which outlines an
eightfold yoga influenced by Patanjali's eightfold yoga.[195]
Yogacara school
Main article: Yogacara
In the late phase of Indian antiquity, on the eve of the development
of Classical Hinduism, the Yogacaramovement arises during the Gupta period
(4th to 5th centuries). Yogacara received the name as it provided a "yoga," a
framework for engaging in the practices that lead to the path of the bodhisattva.
[196]The yogacara sect teaches "yoga" as a way to reach enlightenment. [197]

https://www.cnet.com
https://www.yogadelmar.com
Middle Ages (500–1500 CE)
Middle Ages saw the development of many satellite traditions of yoga.
Hatha yoga emerged in this period.[198]
Bhakti movement
Main article: Bhakti Yoga
The Bhakti movement was a development in medieval Hinduism which advocated
the concept of a personal God (or "Supreme Personality of Godhead"). The
movement was initiated by the Alvars of South India in the 6th to 9th centuries,
and it started gaining influence throughout India by the 12th to 15th centuries. [199]
Shaiva and Vaishnava bhakti traditions integrated aspects of Yoga Sutras, such as
the practical meditative exercises, with devotion. [200] Bhagavata Purana elucidates
the practice of a form of yoga called viraha(separation) bhakti. Viraha bhakti
emphasizes one pointed concentration on Krishna.[201]
Tantra
Tantra is a genre of yoga that arose in India no later than the 5th century CE.[202]
[note 21] George Samuel states, "Tantra" is a contested term, but may be considered as a school whose practices appeared in
mostly complete form in Buddhist and Hindu texts by about 10th century CE. [66] Over its history, some ideas of Tantra
school influenced

the Hindu, Bon, Buddhist, and Jain traditions. Elements of Tantric yoga rituals
were adopted by and influenced state functions in medieval Buddhist and
Hindu kingdoms in East and Southeast Asia .[204][205]
By the turn of the first millennium, hatha yoga emerged from tantra .[14][15]
Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism
Main article: Vajrayana
Vajrayana is also known as Tantric Buddhism and Tantrayāna. Its texts were
compiled starting with 7th century and Tibetan translations were completed in
8th century CE. These tantra yoga texts were the main source of Buddhist
knowledge that was imported into Tibet.[206] They were later translated into
Chinese and other Asian languages, helping spread ideas of Tantric Buddhism.
https://www.rishikulyogshala.org
www.tellurideyogafestival.com
Nyingma tradition, the path of meditation practice is divided into further stages,
[211] such as Kriya yoga, Upa yoga, Yoga yana, Mahā yoga, Anu yoga and Ati
yoga .[212] The Sarma traditions also include Kriya, Upa (called "Charya"), and
Yoga, with the Anuttara yoga class substituting for Mahayoga and Atiyoga.[213]
Zen Buddhism
Zen, the name of which derives from the Sanskrit "dhyāna" via the Chinese
"ch'an"[note 22] is a form of Mahayana Buddhism. Yoga practices integrally
exist within the Zen Buddhist school. [note 23] Certain essential elements of yoga
are important both for Buddhism in general and for Zen in particular.[215]
Hatha Yoga
Main articles: Hatha yoga and Hatha Yoga Pradipika
The earliest references to hatha yoga are in Buddhist works dating from the eighth
century.[216] The earliest definition of hatha yoga is found in the 11th century
Buddhist text Vimalaprabha, which defines it in relation to the center channel,
bindu etc. [217] Hatha yoga synthesizes elements of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras with
posture and breathing exercises. [218] It marks the development of asanas (plural)
into the full body 'postures' now in popular usage [219] and, along with its many
modern variations, is the style that many people associate with the word yoga
today.[220]
Sikhism
Various yogic groups had become prominent in Punjab in the 15th and
16th century, when Sikhism was in its nascent stage. Compositions
of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, describe many dialogues he had with
Jogis, a Hindu community which practiced yoga. [221] Guru Nanak rejected the
austerities, rites and rituals connected with Hatha Yoga. [222] He propounded the
path of Sahaja yoga or Nama yoga (meditation on the name) instead. [223] The
Guru Granth Sahib states.
https://yogaschool.asia
https://www.reddit.com/r/yoga
Listen "O Yogi, Nanak tells nothing but the truth. You must discipline your
mind. The devotee must meditate on the Word Divine. It is His grace which
brings about the union. He understands, he also sees. Good deeds help one
merge into Divination."[224]
Modern history
Reception in the West

The Ustrasana, also known as the camel pose, is one of several yoga
asana (pose).
Yoga came to the attention of an educated western public in the mid-19th
century along with other topics of Indian philosophy. In the context of this
budding interest, N. C. Paul published his Treatise on Yoga Philosophy in 1851.
The first Hindu teacher to actively advocate and disseminate aspects of yoga to a
western audience, Swami Vivekananda, toured Europe and the United States in the
1890s. [225] The reception which Swami Vivekananda received built on the active
interest of intellectuals, in particular the New England Transcendentalists, among
them Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803– 1882), who drew on German Romanticism and
the interest of philosophers and scholars like G. W. F. Hegel (1770–1831), the
brothers August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845) and Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel
(1772–1829), Max Mueller (1823–1900), Arthur Schopenhauer (1788– 1860), and
others who had (to varying degrees) interests in things Indian.[226][227]
Theosophists also had a large influence on the American public's view of Yoga.
[228] Esoteric views current at the end of the 19th century provided a further basis
for the reception of Vedanta and of Yoga with its theory and practice of
correspondence between the spiritual and the physical. [229] The reception of Yoga
and of Vedanta thus entwined with each other and with the (mostly Neoplatonism-
based) currents of religious and philosophical reform and
transformationthroughout the 19th and early 20th centuries.
https://www.ashtangayoga.info
https://yogageneralatl.com
M. Eliade, himself rooted in the Romanian currents of these traditions, brought a
new element into the reception of Yoga with the strong emphasis on Tantric Yoga in
his seminal book: Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. With the introduction of the
Tantra traditions and philosophy of Yoga, the conception of the "transcendent" to be
attained by Yogic practice shifted from experiencing the "transcendent" ("Atman-
Brahman" in Advaitic theory) in the mind to the body itself.[230]
The American born yogi by the name of Pierre Arnold Bernard, after his travels
through the lands of Kashmir and Bengal, founded the Tantrik Order of America
in 1905. His teachings gave many westerners their first glimpse into the
practices of yoga and tantra.[231]
The modern scientific study of yoga began with the works of N. C. Paul and
Major D. Basu in the late 19th century, and then continued in the 20th century
with Sri Yogendra (1897–1989) and Swami Kuvalayananda. [232] Western
medical researchers came to Swami Kuvalayananda's Kaivalyadhama Health
and Yoga Research Center, starting in 1928, to study Yoga as a science.[233]
Outside of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain traditions in Asia, the term "yoga" has
been usually synonymous with its asanas (postures) or as a form of exercise.
[234] This aspect of Yoga was adopted as a cultural trend in Europe and North
America starting in the first half of the 20th century. There were periods of
criticism and paranoia against yoga as well. [228] By the 1960s, western interest
in Hindu spirituality reached its peak, giving rise to a great number of Neo-
Hindu schools specifically advocated to a western public. During this period,
most of the influential Indian teachers of yoga came from two lineages, those of
Sivananda Saraswati (1887–1963) and of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya (1888–
1989) .[235] Teachers of Hatha yoga who were active in the west in this period
included B.K.S. Iyengar (1918–2014), K. Pattabhi Jois (1915– 2009), Swami
Vishnu-devananda (1927–1993), and Swami Satchidananda (1914–2002).[236][237]
[238] Yogi Bhajan brought Kundalini Yoga to the United States in 1969. [239]
Comprehensive, classical teachings of Ashtanga Yoga, Samkhya, the subtle
body theory.
www.celebrateyoga.org
www.hoshyoga.org
Fitness Asanas, and tantric elements were included in the yoga teachers
training by Baba Hari Dass (1923–), in the United States and Canada.[240]
A second "yoga boom" followed in the 1980s, as Dean Ornish, a follower of
Swami Satchidananda, connected yoga to heart health, legitimizing yoga as a
purely physical system of health exercises outside of counter-culture or
esotericism circles, and unconnected to any religious denomination. [225]
Numerous asanas seemed modern in origin, and strongly overlapped with 19th
and early-20th century Western exercise traditions.[241]

A group of people practicing yoga in 2012.

Since 2001, the popularity of yoga in the USA has expanded. The number of
people who practiced some form of yoga has grown from 4 million (in 2001) to
20 million (in 2011). It has drawn support from world leaders such as Barack
Obama who stated, "Yoga has become a universal language of spiritual exercise
in the United States, crossing many lines of religion and cultures,... Every day,
millions of people practice yoga to improve their health and overall well-being.
That's why we're encouraging everyone to take part in PALA (Presidential Active
Lifestyle Award), so show your support for yoga and answer the challenge".[242]

The American College of Sports Medicine supports the integration of yoga into the
exercise regimens of healthy individuals as long as properly-trained professionals
deliver instruction. The College cites yoga's promotion of "profound mental,
physical and spiritual awareness" and its benefits as a form of stretching, and as an
enhancer of breath control and of core strength.[243]

Health effects
Main article: Yoga as exercise
Yoga has been studied and may be recommended to promote relaxation, reduce
stress and improve some medical conditions such as premenstrual syndrome.[244]

https://www.smallworldyoga.org https://yogadesignlab.com
https://www.yogajournal.com
Yoga is considered to be a low- impact activity that can provide the same
benefits as "any well-designed exercise program, increasing general health and
stamina, reducing stress, and improving those conditions brought about by
sedentary lifestyles". It is particularly promoted as
a physical therapy routine, and as a regimen to strengthen and balance all parts
of the body.[244]
Yoga may improve psychological health during cancer treatment, although more
evidence is needed to confirm this possible benefit.[19]Other research indicated
that yoga could be a useful in addition to other treatments in schizophrenia, [20]
and may have positive effects on mental health, although the quality of research
to define these effects is low.[245]
In 2015 the Australian Government's Department of Health published the results of
a review of alternative therapies that sought to determine if any were suitable for
being covered by health insurance. Yoga was one of 17 practices evaluated for
which no clear evidence of effectiveness was found. [246] Accordingly In 2017 the
Australian government named yoga as a practice that would not qualify for
insurance subsidy, saying this step would "ensure taxpayer funds are expended
appropriately and not directed to therapies lacking evidence".[247]
Adults
While some of the medical community regards the results of yoga research as
significant, others point to many flaws which undermine results. Much of the
research on yoga has taken the form of preliminary studies or clinical trials of
low methodological quality, including small sample sizes, inadequate blinding,
lack of randomization, and high risk of bias.[248][249][250] A 2013 review
described the effectiveness of yoga
for low back pain in the short -term, and moderate evidence that it was
effective in the long-term. [251] Another study found an incidence of back
injuries from yoga.[252]
Some clinicians have reported studies investigating yoga as a
complementary intervention for cancer patients to decrease depression,
insomnia, pain, and fatigue and to increase anxiety control.
www.cosmickids.com
https://islandyoga.com
A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis found no evidence that yoga
was effective for metabolic syndrome.[255]
Physical injuries
See also: Sports injury
Some yoga practitioners suffer physical injuries analogous to sports
injuries. [256] A survey of yoga practitioners in Australia showed that
about 20% had suffered some physical injury while practicing
yoga. [256] In the previous 12 months 4.6% of the respondents had suffered
an injury producing prolonged pain or requiring medical treatment.
Headstands, shoulder stands, lotus and half lotus (seated cross-legged
position), forward bends, backward bends, and handstands produced the
greatest number of injuries.[256]
Yoga may result in injuries[257][258][259]
Among the main reasons that experts cite for causing negative effects from yoga are
beginners' competitiveness and instructors' lack of qualification. [257] As the demand
for yoga classes grows, many people get certified to become yoga instructors, often
with relatively little training. Not every newly certified instructor can evaluate the
condition of every new trainee in their class and recommend refraining from doing
certain poses or using appropriate props to avoid injuries.
[257] In turn, a beginning yoga student can overestimate the abilities of their
body and strive to do advanced poses before their body is flexible or strong
enough to perform them.[257][260]
Vertebral artery dissection, a tear in the arteries in the neck which provide blood to
the brain can result from rotation of the neck while the neck is extended. This can
occur in a variety of contexts, but is an event which could occur in some yoga
practices. This is a very serious condition which can result in a stroke.[261][262]
Acetabular labral tears, damage to the structure joining the femur and the
hip, have been reported to have resulted from yoga practice.[263]

https://www.yogaonthefly.com
https://www.yogauonline.com
Children
It is claimed that yoga can be an excellent training for children and adolescents,
both as a form of physical exercise and for breathing, focus, mindfulness, and
stress relief: many school districts have considered incorporating yoga into their
Physical Education programs. The Encinitas, California school district gained a
San Diego Superior Court Judge's approval to use yoga in Physical Education,
holding against the parents who claimed the practice was intrinsically religious
and hence should not be part of a state funded program.[264]
Reception in other religions
Christianity
Main articles: Christian meditation, A Christian reflection on the New
Age, and Aspects of Christian meditation
Some Christians integrate yoga and other aspects of Eastern spirituality with prayer
and meditation. This has been attributed to a desire to experience God in a more
complete way.[265] In 2013, Monsignor Raffaello Martinelli, servicing
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, having worked for over 23 years with
Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI), [266] said that for his Meditation, a
Christian can learn from other religious traditions (zen, yoga, controlled
respiration, Mantra), quoting Aspects of Christian meditation: "Just as "the
Catholic
Church rejects nothing of what is true and holy in these religions," neither should
these ways be rejected out of hand simply because they are not Christian. On the
contrary, one can take from them what is useful so long as the Christian
conception of prayer, its logic and requirements are never obscured. It is within
the context of all of this that these bits and pieces should be taken up and
expressed anew." [267] Previously,
the Roman Catholic Church, and some other Christian organizations have
expressed concerns and disapproval with respect to some eastern and New
Age practices that include yoga and meditation.[268][269][270]
In 1989 and 2003, the Vatican issued two documents: Aspects of Christian
meditation and "A Christian reflection on the New Age," that were mostly
critical of eastern and New Age practices.
https://www.decathlon.fr/C-397322-
yoga https://en.wiktionary.org
Such has been compared to the early days of Christianity, when the church
opposed the gnostics' belief that salvation came not through faith but through a
mystical inner knowledge. [265] The letter also says, "one can see if and how
[prayer] might be enriched by meditation methods developed in other religions
and cultures" [272] but maintains the idea that "there must be some fit between the
nature of [other approaches to] prayer and Christian beliefs about ultimate
reality." [265] Some[which?] fundamentalist Christian organizations consider yoga to
incompatible with their be religious background, considering it a part of the New
movement inconsistent Age with Christianity.[273]
Another view holds that Christian meditation can lead to religious pluralism. This
is held by an interdenominational association of Christians that practice it. "The
ritual simultaneously operates as an anchor that maintains, enhances, and promotes
denominational activity and a sail that allows institutional boundaries to be
crossed." [274]
Islam
In early 11th century, the Persian scholar Al Biruni visited India, lived with
Hindus for 16 years, and with their help translated several significant Sanskrit
works into Arabic and Persian languages. One of these was Patanjali's
Yogasutras. [275][276] Al Biruni's translation preserved many of the core themes of
Patañjali 's Yoga philosophy, but certain sutras and analytical commentaries were
restated making it more consistent with Islamic monotheistic theology.[275][277] Al
Biruni's version of Yoga Sutras reached Persia and Arabian peninsula by about
1050 AD. Later, in the 16th century, the hath yoga text Amritakunda was
translated into Arabic and then Persian. [278] Yoga was, however, not accepted by
mainstream Sunni and Shia Islam. Minority Islamic sects such as the mystic Sufi
movement, particularly in South Asia, adopted Indian yoga practises, including
postures and breath control.[279][280] Muhammad Ghawth, a Shattari Sufi and one
of the translators of yoga text in 16th century, drew controversy for his interest in
yoga and was persecuted for his Sufi beliefs.[281]

www.kindnesscollective.com
www.informationvine.com
Malaysia's top Islamic body in 2008 passed a fatwa,
prohibiting Muslims from practicing yoga, saying it had elements of
Hinduism and that its practice was blasphemy,
therefore haraam. [282] Some Muslims in Malaysia who had been practicing yoga
for years, criticized the decision as "insulting." [283] Sisters in Islam, a women's
rights group in Malaysia, also expressed disappointment and said yoga was just a
form of exercise. [284] This fatwa is legally enforceable. [285] However, Malaysia's
prime minister clarified that yoga as physical exercise is permissible, but the
chanting of religious mantras is prohibited.[286]
In 2009, the Council of Ulemas, an Islamic body in Indonesia, passed a
fatwa banning yoga on the grounds that it contains Hindu
elements. [287] These fatwas have, in turn, been criticized by Darul Uloom
Deoband, a Deobandi Islamic seminary in India. [288] Similar fatwas
banning yoga, for its link to Hinduism, were issued by the Grand
Mufti Ali Gomaa in Egypt in 2004, and by Islamic clerics in Singapore
earlier.[289]
In Iran, as of May 2014, according to its Yoga Association, there were
approximately 200 yoga centres in the country, a quarter of them in the capital
Tehran, where groups can often be seen practising in parks. This has been met by
opposition among conservatives. [290] In May 2009, Turkey's head of the
Directorate of Religious Affairs, Ali Bardakoğlu, discounted personal
development techniques such as reiki and yoga as commercial ventures that could
lead to extremism. His comments were made in the context of reiki and yoga
possibly being a form of proselytization at the expense of Islam.[291]

International Day of Yoga

On 11 December 2014, the United Nations General Assembly approved a
resolution establishing 21 June as "International Day of Yoga", [292] following
the call for its adoption by Indian Prime
Minister Narendra Modi during his address to UN General Assembly on
27 September 2014.

https://www.pointreyesyoga.com
https://www.nytimes.com
 SAMPLING

DEFINE THE TARGET POPULATION

Teachers & Professors of Mumbai

SELECT A SAMPLING FRAME

Work Id & Aadhaar Card

SAMPLING METHOD

Probability Sampling

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Random Sampling

SAMPLE SIZE

100

DETAILS OF SAMPLE

GENDRE: Male & Female

AGE: 18 TO 24 years
PROFILE: Teachers & Professors

SAMPLE SIZE

Sample size = n = (Zs/E)2

E = Tolerance Limit
S= Standard deviation
Z=Accuracy Level
N=Number of elements= Sample Size

n= (Zs/E)2

n=[(0.95*0.745)/0.05]2

n=100

Sample Size=100

DETAILS OF SAMPLING

Total number of population(teachers & professors)= 100

Number of male population= 84
Number of female population=16

Total number of population (teachers & professors)=100

18-24 years Male=50
18-24 years female=50

AGE MALE FEMALE

18-24 50 50
 Questionnaire
YOGA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

NAME:

Q1. GENDER

MALE
FEMALE

Q.2 WHAT IS YOUR AGE ?

20-30
31-40
41 & ABOVE

Q.3 DO YOU PRACTICE YOGA REGULARLY?

YES
NO

Q.4 HOW LONG HAVE YOU PRACTICED YOGA?

STARTED YOGA PRACTICE

LESS THAN 2 YEARS
2-5B YEARS
5-10

Q.5 HOW OFTEN DO YOU PRACTICE YOGA?

EVERY DAY
Q.6 WHAT AREAS OF YOUR LIFE ARE CHALLENGING OR STRESSFUL?

o PERSONAL
o WORK
o FAMILY
o OTHER

Q.7 Do you suffer from any of the following health issues?

o Blood Pressure
o Eye Issues
o Diabetes
o Migraines
o Asthma
o OTHER

Q.8 On a scale of 1 – 10, how stressful is your job?

o 1-3
o 4-5
o 6-10

Q.9 * I would like to be a part of The Yoga Life monthly email newsletters. *

YES
NO

Q.10 HAVE YOU ATTENDED ANY SEMINAR ON YOGA?

YES
NO
MAYBE
 DATA ANALYSIS

Q.1 GENDER
TABLE NO. 1.1 Gender

MALE 84%
FEMALE 16%
SOURCE: Responses to the Q.1 of the questionnaire

GRAPH NO. 1.1 Gender

SOURCE: Responses table to the Q.1 of the questionnaire

FINDING
According to survey, the Male population is 84% and Female population is 16% this means
more of Male population has filled the survey form
Q.2 WHAT IS YOUR AGE?
Table 1.2 Age

20-30 72%
31-40 16%
41 & ABOVE 12%

Source: Responses to the Q.2 of the

questionnaire Graph 1.2 Age

Source: Responses table to the Q.2 of the questionnaire

FINDING
According to the survey, 20-30 age column includes 72% , 31-40 age
column includes 16% and 41 and above age column includes 12%.
 Q3.DO YOU PRACTICE YOGA
REGULARLY Table No. 1.3 PRACTICE YOGA REGULARLY

YES 77%
NO 23%
Source: Responses to the Q.3 of the questionnaire.

Graph 1.3 PRACTICE YOGA REGULARLY

Source: Responses table to the Q.3

FINDING
According to the survey, people practicing yoga regularly includes 77% and
people who do not practice yoga regularly includes 23%.
Q4. How Long Have You Practiced Yoga TABLE

NO. 1.4 HAVE YOU PRACTICED YOGA

STARTED YOGA PRACTICE 50%

LESS THAN 2 YEARS 32.3%
2-5 YEARS 10.4%
5-10 YEARS 7.3%
4 HAVE YOU PRACTICED YOGA?

Source : Responses to the Q.4 of the questionnaire

Graph 1.4 HAVE YOU PRACTICED YOGA?

Source : Responses table to the Q.4 of the

questionnaire FINDING
According to the survey, people who have started yoga practice includes
50%, people doing yoga for less than 2 years includes 32.3%, people doing
yoga between 2-5 years includes 10.4%, and people doing yoga between 5-10
years includes 7.3%
Q5. HOW OFTEN DO YOU PRACTICE YOGA?
Table No. 1.5 DO YOU PRACTICE YOGA

EVERYDAY 25%
ONCE IN A WEEK 39%
ONCE IN A MONTH 23%
OTHER 13%

Source : Responses to the Q.5 of the questionnaire

Graph No. 1.5 DO YOU PRACTICE YOGA?

Source : Responses table to the Q.5 of the questionnaire

FINDING
According to the survey, people who do yoga everyday includes 25%, people
who do yoga once in a week includes 39%, people who do yoga once in a month
includes 23%, and the other category of people doing yoga includes 13%.
Q.6 WHAT AREAS OF YOUR LIFE ARE
CHALLENGING OR STRESSFUL?
Table No. 1.6 CHALLENGING OR STRESSFUL
LIFE

PERSONAL 33%
WORK 38%
FAMILY 10%
OTHER 19%
Source : Responses to the Q.6 of the questionnaire Graph

No. 1.6 CHALLENGING OR STRESSFUL LIFE

Source : Responses table to the Q.6 of the questionnaire

FINDING
According to the survey, areas of life that are challenging and stressful includes
Personal stress 33%, Work stress 38%, Family stress 10% and Other 19%.
 Q.7 Do you suffer from any of the
following health issues?
Table No. 1.7 Health issues

BLOOD PRESSURE 15.3%

EYE ISSUE 16.3%
DIABETES 9.2%
ASTHMA 19.4%
MIGRAINE 6.1%
NO SUFFERING 41.8%
OTHER 2|%
Source Responses to the Q.7 of the
questionnaire Graph No. 1.7 Health issues

Source : Responses table to the Q.7 of the questionnaire

FINDING
According to the survey, people suffering from Blood pressure includes 15.3%,
people suffering from Eye issue includes 16.3%, people suffering from Diabetes
includes 9.2%, people suffering from Asthma includes 19.4%, people suffering
from Migraine 6.1%, people who do not suffer from any disease includes
41.8%, people who are suffering from other diseases includes 2%
Q.8 On a scale of 1 – 10, how stressful is your job?

Table no.1: stressful job

1-3 38.4%
4-5 33.2%
6-10 14.1%
OTHER 14.1%
Source Responses to the Q.8 of the
questionnaire Graph No. 1.8: stressful job

Source : Responses table to the Q.8 of the

questionnaire FINDING
According to the survey, on a scale of how stressful is your job includes, On scale
of 1-3 38.4% , On scale of 4-5 33.2%, On scale of 6-10 14.1% and others includes
14.1%.
 Q.9 * I would like to be a part of The Yoga
Life monthly email newsletters. *

Table No. 1.9 The Yoga Life monthly email newsletters.

YES 87%
NO 13%
Source Responses to the Q.9 of the
questionnaire Graph No. 1.9 stressful job

Source : Responses table to the Q.9 of the

questionnaire FINDING
According to the survey, people who would like to be a part of the Yoga Life
monthly email newsletter includes 87%, and people who would not like to be a part
of the Yoga Life monthly email newsletter invludes 13%.
 Q.10 HAVE YOU ATTENDED ANY SEMINAR
ON YOGA?
Table No. 1.10 ANY SEMINAR ON YOGA

YES 52%
NO 28%
MAYBE 20%
Source Responses to the Q.10 of the questionnaire
Graph No. 10 ANY SEMINAR ON YOGA

Source : Responses table to the Q.10 of the questionnaire

FINDING
According to the survey, people who have attended any seminar on Yoga includes
52%, people who have not attended any seminar on Yoga includes 28% and
people who might have attended any seminar on Yoga includes 20%
 FINDINGS

FINDING 1
According to survey, the Male population is 84% and Female population is 16%
this means more of Male population has filled the survey form.

FINDING 2
According to the survey, 20-30 age column includes 72% , 31-40 age
column includes 16% and 41 and above age column includes 12%.

FINDING 3
According to the survey, people practicing yoga regularly includes 77% and
people who do not practice yoga regularly includes 23%.

FINDING 4
According to the survey, people who have started yoga practice includes
50%, people doing yoga for less than 2 years includes 32.3%, people doing
yoga between 2-5 years includes 10.4%, and people doing yoga between 5-10
years includes 7.3%.

FINDING 5
According to the survey, people who do yoga everyday includes 25%, people
who do yoga once in a week includes 39%, people who do yoga once in a month
includes 23%, and the other category of people doing yoga includes 13%.
FINDING 6
According to the survey, areas of life that are challenging and stressful includes
Personal stress 33%, Work stress 38%, Family stress 10% and Other 19%.

FINDING 7
According to the survey, people suffering from Blood pressure includes 15.3%,
people suffering from Eye issue includes 16.3%, people suffering from Diabetes
includes 9.2%, people suffering from Asthma includes 19.4%, people suffering
from Migraine 6.1%, people who do not suffer from any disease includes
41.8%, people who are suffering from other diseases includes 2%.

FINDING 8
According to the survey, on a scale of how stressful is your job includes, On scale
of 1-3 38.4% , On scale of 4-5 33.2%, On scale of 6-10 14.1% and others includes
14.1%.

FINDING 9
According to the survey, people who would like to be a part of the Yoga Life
monthly email newsletter includes 87%, and people who would not like to be a part
of the Yoga Life monthly email newsletter invludes 13%.

FINDING 10
According to the survey, people who have attended any seminar on Yoga includes
52%, people who have not attended any seminar on Yoga includes 28% and
people who might have attended any seminar on Yoga includes 20%.
 LIMITATIONS

Every research work involves some or the other challenges. We also faced some
of the challenges. Hence certain limitations were:

People do not share their views freely and openly.

There are certain opinions which people have but don’t have option to
choose any.
Certain required questions have options which are mandatory answers
and individual has to choose them in the limit bracket.
In fact, some of them refuse to fill the questionnaire.
Time available for conducting the study was very less as compared to the
standard time one required to do normal research study.
We had time limitation of preparing this project only in two months.
We were totally new to the field of research.
CONCLUSION

The purpose of Yoga is to create harmony in the physical, vital, mental,

psychological and spiritual aspects of the human being. In the foregoing pages of
this book, I have described the Technique of relaxation in different postures viz.,
standing, lying and sitting postures which brings in this harmony. Yoga is not mere
practice for an hour or two in a day but it is the most scientific way of living, all
the twenty- four hours of the day. During the whole day you may be only in one of
these three postures and hence a skilful adjustment in them will effect the required
harmony. "Yogasthah Kuru Karmani- Be established in Yoga and do all your
duties." "Yogah karmasu Kausalam-Yoga is skill in action." Skill here means to be
in tune with the nature of the Supreme Reality. Be a Yogin always, is the loving
instruction of Lord Krishna. Convert life into Yoga, so that you may ensure
success in all the fields of activity. By regular practice, by using your presence of
mind, skill and wisdom, you can become Yogins and enjoy happiness and peace,
whatever be the circumstances and conditions in which you are placed.
oga is a subject which can be looked at intellectually and some useful and
beneficial ideas imbibed. Yoga can be imbibed by adopting certain attitudes
which alter the nature of the samskaras. Yoga can be imbibed by living in an
ashram environment and trying to be aware of the physical, mental and spiritual
dimensions at the same time. Yoga can be learnt in a classroom environment as
science, as psychology, as an applied subject, with the aim of providing new
understanding and insight into the life process, into areas where karmas are
performed, into areas which shape the inner being in terms of awareness, inner
development, the experience of harmony or balance, eventually culminating in
the experience of samadhi and the fullness of wisdom, prajna.
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A research conducted under a topic “Yoga management in India.” The research is
done to know what is the amount of teachers and professors that take part in the
yoga management in India. Executive summary is presented in three parts
consisting of a conceptual analysis followed by an analysis of relevant existing
literature review in the area of understanding the yoga management in India.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
To study, the growth of Yoga in the India.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
1. To examine, the impact of Yoga on teachers and professors .
2. To examine, the effect of Yoga as stress management .
3. To examine, the effect of Yoga for meditation.

HYPOTHESIS SETS
Set 1.
H0: There is impact of Yoga in the India.
H1: There is no impact of Yoga in the India.
Set 2.
H0: Yoga helps to meditate.
H1: Yoga doesn't helps to meditate.
Set 3
H0: Yoga is useful to have a healthy life.
H1: Yoga is not useful to have a healthy life.

RESEARCH DESIGN
1. To examine, the impact of Yoga on teachers and professors .
2. To examine, the effect of Yoga as stress management .
3. To examine, the effect of Yoga for meditation.

DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
The descriptive design is one in which information is collected without changing
the environment. Sometimes this is referred as ‘correlation’ studies. It can provide
information on the growth of yoga in India consisting age group between 18-24
years.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Data gathering through survey and calculation performed on the historical data
with help of Microsoft Excel.
BIBLOGRAPHY

1. medicinenet.com
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga
3. www.hiyogacentre.com
4. https://www.mindbodygreen.com
5. https://www.artofliving.org/in
6. https://www.nih.gov
7. https://ocoy.org
8. www.yogabasics.com
9. https://www.nytimes.com
10. https://www.nytimes.com
11. https://www.precisionnutrition.com
12. https://www.everythingyoga.com
13. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com
14. www.yjevents.com
15. https://living-yoga.org
16. https://laughteryoga.org
17. https://www.lonelyplanet.com
18. www.bookyogaretreats.com
19. www.yogacommunity.org
20. www.yogapoint.com
21. http://www.thehindu.com
22. www.swamij.com
23. www.yogapoint.com
24. www.turiyayoga.com
25. http://www.spiceflair.com