KKKQ2023/4

SEMII 2018/2019

CL 1

Question 1
A new gadget to detect cheating in exam is being tested. If this gadget is proven successful, it
can detects three types of cheating in exam- type 1 using hand signal to cheat, type 2 using
eyes signal to cheat and type 3 using notes to cheat. A student using hand signal, eyes signal
and notes (with permission) in exam may not be considered cheating if these actions are natural
physical occurrence during exam time unless the student has intention and used these methods
to cheat. The makers of the test claim that this gadget can detect cheating from hand signal
with 99.7% accuracy, cheating from eyes signal with 99.5% accuracy, and cheating from notes
with 89.7% accuracy. If a student cheats, the gadget will produce high pitching sound. The
sound will not be activated if no cheating occurs. To check whether the gadget is operative, a
test group was set up where 60% of students were found to use hand signal, 27% to use eyes
signal and 13% to use notes.

(a) For the above description, construct tree diagram.

(b) What is the probability that the gadget will produce high pitching sound or the students
were found to use hand signal?
(c) From (b), are these two events
i. mutually exclusive? Justify your answer.
ii. independent? Justify your answer.

(d) If the gadget produces high pitching sound, find the most likely types of cheating.
Question 2
Table 1 summarizes visits to emergency departments at four hospitals in Kedah. People may
Leave Without Being Seen (LWBS) by a physician. The remaining visits are serviced at the
emergency department, and the visitor may or may not be admitted for a stay in the hospital.
Table 1 Hospital Emergency Visits
Hospital
Total
1 2 3 4
LWBS 195 270 246 242 953
Admitted 1277 1558 666 984 4485
Not Admitted 3820 5163 4728 3103 16,814
Total 5292 6991 5640 4329 22,252

(a) Assume that four persons independently arrive for service at Hospital 1. What is the
probability that two or more person will LWBS?

(b) Assume that people independently arrive for service at Hospital 2.

i. What is the probability that the fifth visit is the first one to LWBS?
ii. What is the probability that the first visit to LWBS is among the first four visits?
iii. What is the expected number of visits until the third LWBS occurs?

(c) Assume that four visits that result in LWBS are to be randomly selected (without
replacement) for a follow-up interview.
i. What is the expected number selected from Hospital 4?
ii. What is the probability that one or more selected visits are from Hospital 4?
Question 3
An engineer examines the edges of steel girders for hairline fractures. The girders are 10m long
it is discovered that they have an average of 42 fractures each. If a girder has 42 fractures, then
there are 43 gaps between fractures. The fractures appear to be randomly spaced on the girders.

(a) What is the suitable distribution for the length of a gap between any two adjacent fractures
on a particular girder?
(b) Determine the mean and variance of (a).
(c) What is the probability that a gap is less than 10cm?
(d) What is the probability a gap is longer than 30cm?
(e) If a 25cm segment of a girder is selected, determine the probability that the segment
contains at least two fractures.

Question 4

(a) Flaws occur in the interior of plastic used for insulators according to a Poisson
distribution with a mean of 0.05 flaw per panel.

i. What is the probability that there are two or more flaws occurs?
ii. If 30 panels are inspected, what is the probability that there are no flaws?
iii. If 10 panels are inspected, write the probability mass function for the probability of
more than 4 and less than 10 flaws occurs?

(b) Out of 100 bulbs produced by a manufacturing company, 35 are white light bulbs and the
rest are yellow light bulbs. If 10 bulbs are randomly drawn without replacement, find the
probability that at least 8 would be white light bulbs.
Question 5

(a) The finished inside diameter of a piston ring is normally distributed with a mean of 10 cm
and a standard deviation of 0.03 cm.
(i) What is the probability that a piston ring will have inside diameter between 9.97
cm and 10.075 cm?
(ii) Below what value of inside diameter will 15% of piston rings fall?

(b) The daily amount of oil leaked out an old car have a continuous uniform distribution with
the range of 7 to 10 litres. Find the probability that on a given day the amount of oil leaked
will be at most 8.8 litres.

(c) The life in years of a certain type of electrical switch has an exponential distribution with
an average of 2. If 100 of these switches are installed in different systems, what is the
probability that at most 30 fail during the first year?