LABORATORY ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

REPORT
“FIRE EXTINGUISHER”

By :
1. Firyal Nabilah Q.A (17030194042/PKU 2017)
2. Nuril Fatimah (17030194053/PKU 2017)
3. Imtikhana Nur K. (17030194084/PKU 2017)

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
JURUSAN KIMIA
PRODI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA
2018
I. Experiment Tittle : Fire and its Extinguisher
II. Date of Experiment :
Thursday, November 22th, 2018 at 09.30 pm – 12.00 pm
III. Experiment Purpose :
1. Knowing fire prevention procedures
2. Can use a fire extinguisher properly
IV. Basic Theory
Flame is a phenomenon that can be observed for symptoms, namely the
presence of light and heat from a material that is burning. Another symptom
that can be observed is if a material has been burned it will changes in both its
physical form and its chemical properties. The physical condition of the
material that has been burned will also change to become a new substance.
The symptom of this change according to the theory of changes in substances
and energy is chemical change.
Generally fire is the result of the three factors needed for combustion, fuel,
heat and oxygen, which is known as triangle of fire. If one of these factor is
not in sufficient balance, then the fire will not occur.

by observing the fire triangle above, there are three methods to extinguish
fire:
a. Starvation, removing of fuel or other combustible material from the fire
with the purpose of isolating the fire.
b. Smothering, reduce oxygen amount around the fire by minimizing the
entry of air.
c. Cooling, lower the temperature of the fuel that burns to below the ignition
temperature
There are three types of fire produced in the laboratory can be classified
based on the origin of the fire :
1. Type A, comes form a solid combustible material for example; wood,
paper, rubber and etc.
2. Type B, comes from a liquid combustible for exampel; oil, oli,
gasoline, chemical solution combutible and etc.
3. Type C, comes from electricity for example; eectrical short circuit.
Fire extinguisher (APAR) is an equipment that is packaged in a tube to
extinguish the initial fire. In other words APAR can only extinguish a small
fire. The function of fire extinguisher is to extinguisher fire.
Fire Extinguisher (APAR), consists of:
1. APAR type of Water (Water Fire Extinguisher)
Effective for class A types of fire: Wood, Paper, Fabric, Rubber, Plastic,
etc. Water is one of the most useful and economical fire extinguishers. All
fire extinguishers made from production water have jet-type applications
that are capable of producing concentrated currents that make the operator
able to fight fire from a greater distance than the ordinary spray nozzle.
2. APAR type of Dry Chemical Powder
Effective for class A types of fire (Wood, Paper, Fabric, Rubber, Plastics,
etc.), class B (Gasoline, Gas, Oil, Paint, Solvents, Methanol, Propane, etc.)
and class C (Computers, Electric Panels, Generators , Electric Substation,
etc.). Lightweight Fire Extinguisher made from dry powder, very versatile
to fight Class A, B & C fire, and suitable for dealing with high risk.
Besides being useful in overcoming the dangers of electricity, flammable
liquids and gases, powder is also effective for vehicle fires.
3. APAR type Foam (AFFF Foam Liquid)
Fire Extinguishers made from foam, suitable for fighting Class A & B
fires. Foam-based extinguishers have the ability to reduce the risk of
turning back fire after a blackout. After the fire has been extinguished, the
foam effectively removes steam along with cooling the fire.
 Foam fire extinguishers provide a fast and strong ability to deal with 'A'
and 'B' class fires. Very effective against gasoline and volatile liquids,
forming "seals" of fire above the surface and preventing re-ignition. Ideal
for multi-risk use.
Fire rating provides a way to measure the effectiveness of a fire
extinguisher in terms of the maximum size of fire that can be extinguished.
Class A, for example, a burning wood fire box with a width of 0.5m x
height of 0.56m x length. The rating is ten times the length in meters, for
example. 13A uses 1.3 meter wood pile. Class B is related to fire surface
area and rating for the amount of flammable liquid in the ratio of 1/3 of
water, 2/3 of the fuel that can be extinguished in a circular area.
4. APAR type CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
CO2 fire extinguishers are very suitable for Class B electric and fire
equipment. Then the ability of high non-destructive and effective and
clean is very well known. CO2 has non-conductive and anti-static
properties. Because this gas is not dangerous for fine equipment and
materials, it is ideal for modern office environments, where oil, solvents
and candles are often used.
Non-destructive and very effective and clean performance is very
important. Both models have funnel and non-static funnels, suitable for
situations involving flammable liquids and electrical hazards.
Gas (produced) does not (damage) damage the equipment and fine
materials. Ideal for modern office environments, with all the electronic
risks, and where oil, solvents and candles are often used.
Fire rating provides a way to measure the effectiveness of a fire
extinguisher in terms of the maximum size of fire that can be extinguished.
Class B is related to fire surface area with a rating for the amount of
flammable liquid in the water ratio 1/3, 2/3 of the material burn which can
be buried in 1 circular area.
5. Hallon fire type (Thermatic Halotron)
Effective for class A fires (Wood, Paper, Fabric, Rubber, Plastics, etc.) and
C (Computers, Electric Panels, Generators, Electric Substations, etc.)
 Automatic Fire Extinguishers that contain Halotron™ Clean Agent I. This
Automatic Fire Extinguisher (APAR) uses Argon propulsion gas, and a
pressure gauge is installed in the Automatic Fire Extinguisher (APAR).
The capacity of 2 kg and 5 kg units is enabled automatically by heat
sensitivity with a sprinkler head and complete with pressure. Automatic
fire extinguisher (APAR) requires a minimum maintenance of 1 year and
Thermatic Halotron™ I is also guaranteed 1 year. Being the cleanest
content agent / media, leaving no residue after use. Safe if inhaled by
humans and also environmentally friendly. Thermatic Halotron™ I designs
as a substitute for Halon gas and does not contain CFC.
The workings of Thermatic Halotron™ I integration of fire alarms are as
follows:
The presence of smoke in the room is detected by a smoke detector that
covers the fire of a protected room, so that the bell alarm sounds.
If there is a fire and has not been put out and the room temperature reaches
68OC, the bulb sprinkler automatically breaks and the Halotron ™ I gas
spray automatically so that the fire will instantly extinguish.
V. Tool and Materials
 Tool
1. Fire Extinguisher 5 pieces
2. Matches 1 piece
 Materials
1. Wood
2. PDAM water
3. Petroleum
VI. Line Works

Making a flame

1. Wood, twigs and leaves (fuel) are placed below

the ground that has been prepared
2. The fuel is doused with enough petroleum
3. Burned with matches

Flame
 Flame

1. Be Calm
2. Prepare a fire extinguisher
3. Open the safety pin
4. The fixing handle is pressed upright
5. Wacth out the direction of the wind to avoid the
heat of the fire
6. Hold the hose and move it towards the fire area
until the fire estinguished
The fire extinguished
VII. Explanation
From the video that we saw, the first step to extinguish fire is to be
calm and then prepare fire estinguisher quickly. After that, we must open
the safety pin of the fire extinguisher. We must check the fixing handle is
pressed upright. In the video they didn’t observe the direction of the wind
carefully. So, the fire can’t be extinguished even they have tried several
times. We must wacth out the direction of the wind. It is to avoid the
flame. But, If we try to extinguish the flames without observe the direction
of the wind, the flames will burning more huge and the fire extinguisher
can’t extinguish the flames effectivelly. In the video, they prepared some
water in barrel to anticipate if the flames can’t be controlled.
We have to know the type of the burning material. By observing
the type of the burning material, we know what the effective way to
extinguish the flames. We have to observe the place of the fire, is it close
from the material that can blow up or not. The fire will become more huge
if there are a lot of materials that can blow up. The direction of the wind
can affect the fire spread to another building or place.
Another fault of the procedure in the video is how to use the fire
extiguisher. They can’t use the fire extinguisher correcly. They stood in
front of the flames together. It is dangerous. They stood too close around
the fire. Then, they stopped to spray the fire extinguisher before the smoke
is gone, so the fire can burning again. They didn’t check if the fire
extinguisher is fine or not to use.
VIII. Conclusion
1. The fire prevention procedures are :
a) Keep calm
b) Prepare the Fire Extinguisher
c) Open the safety pin and
d) Check the fire extinguisher by sprayed it to the air, but avoid the
others when spray it.
e) Go on the fire place and stand up for about 3 meters from the flames
f) We have to know the type of the burning material
g) Observe the direction of the wind and the area
h) Take the right position and spray the fire extinguisher on the base of
the fire
i) Press the handle of fire extinguisher and spray it to the left and right
until the flames extinguished.
2. The steps to use fire extinguisher properly are :
a) Open the safety pin
b) Sprayed it to the air, it is to check that the fire extinguisher is fine
c) Press the handle and spray it to the flames
d) Spray the fire extinguisher to the base of the fire

IX. References