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Reorder level = demand during lead time = lead time x demand per unit time
ROL = LT x D
Revisit Ex 1: Carpet Sell. Given that product lead time is 5 days. Calculate reorder
level
1 (ROL)
Reorder Level with Longer Lead Time
` When lead time is longer than the stock cycle
` There is always one order outstanding.
` Example:
when it is time to place order B, there is one order, A
`
outstanding and due to arrive before B.
` The stock on hand plus the outstanding order must be enough
to last until B arrive or equal the lead time demand
2
Reorder Level with Longer Lead Time
` When lead time is very long
` Several orders are outstanding at anytime
` When lead time is between n and n+1 cycle length
= LT x D - n x Qo
3
Ex 2
Demand for an item is steady at 1,200 units a year
with an ordering cost of $16 and holding cost of
$0.24 per unit per year. Describe a appropriate
ordering policy if the lead time is constant at
(a) 3 months
(b) 9 months
(c) 18 months
4
Discussion Questions
5
IM 322
Inventory Management
Chapter 4 Models for Known Demand
Textbook:
Donald Waters, Inventory Control and Management, 2nd
-6- ed
Chapter Outline
Extension of EOQ by relaxing
some assumptions
1. Discount in the unit cost /
price from suppliers
2. Increasing cost with higher
quantity
3. Finish replenishment rate
4. Back orders
7
Price Discount from Suppliers
Costs vary with the quantity ordered (Q)
8
Price Discount from Suppliers
0 - 100 $10
101 - 200 $8
holding cost
201 or more $6
Reordering cost
10 End
Price Discount from Suppliers:
Finding the lowest valid cost
Case 1: All costs are constant except the unit cost (or
unit price from supplier)
2 × RC × D
Qo =
` Qo will be calculated using EOQ formula HC
` Qo could be either
` Valid minimum: within the range of valid order quantities for this
particular unit cost
` Invalid minimum: falls outside the valid order range for this particular
unit cost
11
Ex 1a: Sweatshirt in Bookstore
The university bookstore purchases sweatshirts with school
logo from a vendor. The vendor sells the sweatshirts to the
store for $38 a piece. The cost to bookstore for placing an
order is $120, and the annual carrying cost is estimated as
$9.5 per unit. 1700 sweatshirts are estimated to be sold
during the year. The vendor has offered the bookstore the
following volume discount:
1-299 0%
300-499 2%
500-799 4%
800 and up 5%
What is an optimal order quantity?
12
Price Discount from Suppliers:
Finding the lowest valid cost
Case 2: All costs are constant except the unit cost (or
unit price from supplier) and holding cost
1-299 0%
300-499 2%
500-799 4%
800 and up 5%
15
Ex 2 Rising delivery cost
Kwok Cheng Ho makes a range of high
quality garden ornaments. On average
day he uses 4 tons of fine grain sand.
This sand costs $20 a ton to buy, and
$1.90 a ton to store for a day.
Deliveries are made by modified lorries that
carry up to 15 tons, and each delivery of
a load or part load costs $200.
Production quantity
Q
Inventory Level
Demand during
production interval
Imax
Maximum inventory
P–D
Time
Production Demand
and demand only
17
(PT) (DT)
T
CASE 1
CASE 3
CASE 3
CASE 3
CASE 1, CASE 2, CASE 3
EX 2