LESSON 5: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

HEART
Function: Pump blood to various parts of the body.
Delievers: Oxygen and Nutrients

HEART ANATOMY
Right Side

1. Right Atrium
2. Right Ventricle

Left Side

1. Left Atrium
2. Left Ventricle

HEART- Physiology

Atrium:

 Reservoir of the heart.

 Collects blood.

Ventricles: Transporter of blood to the lungs and whole body

Valves: Prevent backflow of blood

1. Tricuspid Valve
Prevent backflow between the RIGHT atrium and RIGHT ventricle.
2. Bicuspid Valve
Prevent backflow between the LEFT atrium and LEFT ventricle.
3. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Prevent backflow from the heart to lungs.
4. Aortic Semilunar Valve
Prevent backflow from the heart to the body.

OTHER PARTS OF THE HEART

VEINS- bring blood BACK TO the heart.

ARTERIES- bring blood AWAY to the heart.

a. Pulmonary Artery- blood to the lungs
b. Aorta-blood to the different parts of the body
 HEART FACTS

Fact #1. Fit heart muscle will result to increase heart muscle size and power
Fact#2. Heart is a muscle.
Exercise=Strong Heart
RESTING HEART RATE (RHR)
Fact#3. More efficient than an automobile engine
Fact#4. Beats 4,000 gallons of blood per day, equivalent to more than 10 tons of blood
Fact#5.On the average heart beats 40 million times per year.

HEART-RISK FACTORS

1. Lifestyle
2. Genes
3. High Body Fat
4. Bad Habits
5. Tension and Stress

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

1. HYPERTENSION –a condition which blood pressure is beyond normal

2. CORONARY HEART DISEASE – a condition that affects the heart vessels of the
heart and its surrounding muscles.

Plaque: Fat deposits that block the arteries.

Causes: Smoking, High blood pressures, High cholesterol levels, diabetes & Sedentary
Lifestyle.

3. ANGINA PECTORIS-chest pains associated with blocked artery or arteries.

 The heart is not receiving enough oxygen due to narrowed coronary artery.

Symptoms:

 Pressure on chest
 Squeezing pain
 Discomfort on neck, shoulder, jaw, back or arm.

4. ISCHEMIA- blood flows to the heart is reduced because of the blockages in the heart’s
arteries.
5. HEART ATTACK a.k.a MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION- blockage within the
arterial wall which leads to lack of oxygen and blood flow in the body’s circulation.
6. ATHEROSCLEROSIS- blockage within the arterial wall due to fat deposits or plaque.
 Types of Cholesterol:
 High-density Lipoprotein (HDLs)- “Good cholesterol”
 Low-density Lipoprotein (LDLs)- “Bad cholesterol”

7. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS- Arterial walls thicken and harden as a result of age.

8. PHERIPIRAL VASCULAR DISEASE –lack of oxygen delivery to the limbs.
9. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE- Heart inability to pump blood at life-sustaining
rates.
Symptoms
 FATIGUE
 SHORTNESS OF BREATH
 SWELLING

10. STROKE-lack of oxygen delivery to the brain.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & THE HEART

1. Physical Activity increases the functionality of the heart to circulate blood and
oxygen all throughout the body.
2. Physical Activity directly reduces the risk of heart disease, hypertension, stroke and
early death.
3. Physical Activity provides your body with higher performance, functionality and
well-being.

EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION FOR THE HEART

HEART=CV ENDURANCE

 Aerobic Activity
 Walking
 Running
 Jogging