MAP 1053 1

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I, SESSION 2012/2013
COURSE CODE : MAP 1053

COURSE : PAVEMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

PROGRAMME : MAP

DURATION : 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

DATE : JANUARY 2013

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:
1. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
2. NO REFERENCE IS ALLOWED
3. USE SEPARATE ANSWER BOOK FOR PART A AND PART B.
ENCLOSE FIGURE 1.4 AND TABLE 2.1 WITH ANSWER BOOK PART
A.

WARNING!
Students caught copying/cheating during the examination will be liable for
disciplinary actions and the faculty may recommend the student to be expelled from
the study.

This examination question consists of (#) printed pages only.

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PART A:

Q1. (a) The Asphalt Institute has published a flexible pavement thickness design
manual which characterizes asphalt pavement as a multilayered elastic
system. The method is based on two assumed stress- strain conditions.
Discuss the stress-strain conditions involved.
(5 marks)

(b) An urban interstate flexible pavement consist of dual carriageway with

two lanes per direction is to be designed using AASHTO 1993 design
guide. The flexible pavement is designed to cater with ESAL value of
7.0 x 106 (both directions) for the next of 20 years. Total relative damage
due to 12 months soil seasonal modulus values was recorded as 3.82.
The drainage was judged be good and it is estimated that the subbase and
base for the pavement structure will be exposed to moisture levels
approaching saturation 10 percent of the time. Additional information is
given below:
Resilient modulus of the asphalt concrete at 68°F =300 000 psi
The granular base CBR = 70% and Mr= 28 000 psi
An untreated granular subbase has a CBR =15% and Mr = 12 000 psi
Standard deviation = 0.45
Initial serviceability = 4.5
Terminal serviceability = 2.5

Please clearly state all your assumptions. Guidelines are given in Tables
and Figures below.
(20 marks)

Growth factor= (1+r)n-1

r
∆PSI= po - pt
µf = 1.18 x 108 MR -2.32
w18 = DD x DL x ŵ18
SN=a1D1 + a2D2m2 + a3D3m3
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D1* ≥ SN1/a1
SN1* = a1D1 * ≥ SN1
D2*≥ (SN2 – SN1*)/(a2m2)
SN1* + SN2 * ≥ SN2
D3*≥ (SN3 – (SN1* + SN2* ))/ (a3m3)

Table 1.1 Suggested Levels of Reliability for Various Functional

Classification
Functional Classification Recommended of Level of
Reliability
Urban Rural
Interstate and Other Freeways 85-99.9 80-99.9
Principle Arterials 80-99 75-95
Collectors 80-95 75-95
Local 50-80 50-80

Table 1.2 Recommended Values for Lane Distribution Factor, DL

Number of Lanes in Each Direction Percent of 18-kip ESAL in
Design Lane
1 100
2 80-100
3 60-80
4 50-75

Table 1.3 Recommended mi values for untreated Base and Subbase

Percent of Time Pavement Structure is Exposed to Moisture Levels
Approaching Saturation
Quality of < 1% 1-5% 5-25% >25%
Drainage
Excellent 1.40-1.35 1.35-1.30 1.30-1.20 1.20

Good 1.35-1.25 1.25-1.15 1.15-.100 1.00

Fair 1.25-1.15 1.15-1.05 1.05-0.80 0.80
Poor 1.15-1.05 1.05-0.80 0.80-0.60 0.60
Very Poor 1.05-0.95 0.95-0.75 0.75-0.40 0.40
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Figure 1.1 Chart for Estimating Structural Layer Coefficient of Dense- Graded
Asphalt Concrete Based on the Elastic (Resilient) Modulus
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Figure 1.2 Variation in Granular Base Layer Coefficient (a2) with various
Base Strength Parameters
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Figure 1.3 Variation in Granular Subbase Layer Coefficient (a3) with various.
Subbase Strength Parameters
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FIGURE 1.4 FOR Q1b

Note: Please return this figure along with your answer book
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Q2. (a) Discuss the followings:

(i) Difference between fundamental and empirical tests in
pavement.
(ii) Concept of reliability in pavement design.
(iii) Functions of tie bar and dowel bar in concrete pavement

(12 marks)

(b) A two lane highway of concrete pavement (with dowel joints and no
concrete shoulder) is to be design for 20 years according to PCA method.
Following data are given:

Modulus of subgrade reaction = 40 MPa/m.

Concrete modulus of rupture = 4.5 MPa.
Load of safety = 1.1
Total number of trucks during design period on design lane is 5 700 000.

Check the adequacy of 260mm concrete slab thickness by using PCA

method. Discuss your findings.

Truck weight distribution data for single and tandem loads are tabulated
in Table 2.1
(13 marks)
Table 2.1 Axle Load Distribution
Axle load (kN) No Axles per 1000 trucks
Single
125 30.6
116 70.4
107 117.9
98 140.8

Tandem
231 1.98
213 4.5
195 35.6
178 75.2
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Table 2.1 FOR Q2b

Note: Please return this figure along with your answer book
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Table 2.2 Equivalent stress- No Concrete shoulder (Single Axle/Tandem Axle)

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Table 2.2 Erosions factors- Doweled Joints, No concrete Shoulder (Single

Axle/Tandem Axle)
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Figure 2.1 Fatigue analysis- allowable load repetitions based on stress ratio
factor (with and without concrete shoulder)
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Figure 2.2 Erosion analysis – allowable load repetitions based on erosion factor
(without concrete shoulder)