Solution CH3COOH NaCH3COO NH3 NH4Cl color pH range pH (exp)

1 0.003 0 0 0 red orange < 3.1 2.62

2 0.003 0.003 0 0 yellow > 4.5 4.5
3 0 0 0.003 0 pink > 10 10.41
4 0 0 0.003 0.003 faint pink (8.3 , 10) 8.75

HCL NaOH color pH range pH (exp) pH (calc)

1a 0.00015 0 red < 3.1 1.91 2.47404866
1b 0 0.00015 orange (3.1 , 4.5) 3.31 3.94788112
1c 0 0 red orange < 3.1 2.62 2.87426198
2a 0.00015 0 yellow > 4.5 4.43 4.73546219
2b 0 0.00015 yellow > 4.5 4.58 4.75227054
2c 0 0 yellow > 4.5 4.5 4.74472749
3a 0.00015 0 pink > 10 9.61 9.16373326 10.052119
3b 0 0.00015 pink > 10 11.26 11.5259513
3c 0 0 pink > 10 10.41 11.125738
4a 0.00015 0 colorless < 8.3 8.28 9.227052
4b 0 0.00015 faint pink (8.3 , 10) 8.65 9.27770233
4c 0 0 faint pink (8.3 , 10) 8.75 9.25527251
 pH (calc) pKa x pH (calc)
2.874262 4.7447275 0.0013327 2.8752771
4.7447275 4.7447275 1.8E-05 4.7448057
11.125738 4.7447275 0.0013327 11.124723
9.2552725 4.7447275 1.8E-05 9.2551943

Solution color pH range pH (exp) pH (calc)

1 red orange < 3.1 2.62 2.874262
2 yellow > 4.5 4.5 4.7447275
3 pink > 10 10.41 11.125738
4 faint pink (8.3 , 10) 8.75 9.2552725

Solution color pH range pH (exp) pH (calc)

1a red < 3.1 1.91
1b orange (3.1 , 4.5) 3.31 3.6632282
1c red orange < 3.1 2.62 2.874262
2a yellow > 4.5 4.43
2b yellow > 4.5 4.58 4.772948
2c yellow > 4.5 4.5 4.7447275
3a pink > 10 9.61 9.1637333
3b pink > 10 11.26 11.525951
3c pink > 10 10.41 11.125738
4a colorless < 8.3 8.28 9.227052
4b faint pink (8.3 , 10) 8.65 9.2777023
4c faint pink (8.3 , 10) 8.75 9.2552725
Standardization of HCl
Volume in mL
Trial Initial Final Consumed
1 0 8.9 8.9
2 9.1 17.8 8.7
3 1.2 10.2 9

Determination of Ksp and Molar Solubility

Volume in mL
Trial Initial Final Consumed
1 24.9 41.5 16.6
2 31.2 51.8 20.6

Effect of Common Ions on the Solubility of Ca(OH)2

Volume in mL
Trial Initial Final Consumed
1 31.9 35.7 3.8
2 4 6.85 2.85

Effect of Ionic Strength on the Solubility of Ca(OH)2

0.5M KCl Volume in mL

Trial Initial Final Consumed
1 17.8 45.3 27.5
2 3.1 32.4 29.3

0.1M KCl Volume in mL

Trial Initial Final Consumed
1 7.1 29.2 22.1
2 2.9 24.9 22

0.01M KCl Volume in mL

Trial Initial Final Consumed
1 6.9 28.8 21.9
2 28.3 49.5 21.2