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Introduction to Engineering

Geology

Dr. ENG Chandoeun

Institute of Technology of Cambodia


2018 - 2019
The Syllabus

1. Introduction to engineering geology


2. Mineral and rocks
3. Geological exploration of an engineering site
4. Rocks and civil engineering
5. Principle geological factors affecting certain engineering
projects
Objectives

1. To introduce the basic geology to civil engineering


students

2. To inspire the students to think clearly and critically the


solution of the civil engineering problems in the context of
geological knowledge
Outcomes
On the completion of this module students should able to

 Understand of the concepts and language of geology and


engineering geology
 Understand of the processes that have formed the earth and
currently modify the earth’s surface physical features
 Identify and name common rocks and minerals for civil
construction
 Understand the relationship between the environment and
impacts of natural earth hazards on engineer structures
References

 McLean. A.C and Gribble. C.D. (1979). Geology for civil


engineering, 2nd Edition, F & FN Spon.
 Bell. F.G. (2016). Fundamentals of engineering geology.
Elsevier.
 Blyth, Francis GH, and M. H. Freitas. (1987). A geology for
engineer.
Evaluation

• 10%: Class attendance


• 30%: Quiz and assignments
• 60%: Final Exam
Role of engineering geology in civil
construction
Introduction
 Geology is the term derived from the Greek word
GEO: Earth; LOGOS: Science
 Geology: the study of the Earth, including the materials that it is
made of, the physical and chemical changes that occur on its
surface and in its interior, and history of the planet and its life
forms.

 In civil engineering: geology provides necessary information


about the site of construction phase of an engineering project.
The relationship between Geological
Engineering and other engineering sciences

GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Civil Mining Petroleum Environmental


Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering

Roads Groundwater
Potash Oil
Foundations Wastes
Gold Natural Gas
Tunnels Contaminations
Uranium Tar Sands
Slopes Pollution
Coal Oil Shale
Dams Remediation
Geology & Civil Engineering
 The scope of engineering geology is best studied with
reference to major activities of profession of civil engineer
which are: Construction, water resource development, town
and regional planning.
Geology & Civil Engineering

 In all types of heavy construction jobs such as building, towers,


tanks, dams and reservoir, highway bridges and hydropower
tunnels…full geological information about the site of
construction (or excavation) and about the natural materials of
construction is paramount important.
Geology & Civil Engineering

Tunnel construction
Geology & Civil Engineering

Dam construction
Geology & Civil Engineering

Highway bridge construction


Geology & Civil Engineering

Slope protection
Why should study geology?
 Geology plays a very important role in the field of civil
engineering:
Planning
- Topographic map
- Hydrological map
- Geological map
Designing
- Presence hard rock, their depth, and inclination with surface
- Mechanical properties of rock
- Presence of structural weakness
- Position of ground water and seismic nature of the area
Construction
Planning
 Following geological information is greatly useful in planning an
engineering project
 Topographical maps give details of relief features and are
essential to understand relative merit and demerit of all the
possible sites.
 Hydrological maps give broad details about the distribution and
geometry of surface water channels and also the occurrence
and depth contour of groundwater
 Geological maps give petrological characters and structural
disposition of rock types.
Planning

Topographical maps
Planning

Hydrological maps Geological maps


Design
 Some of the geological characters that have a direct or indirect
bearing upon the design of a proposed project are:
- The existence of hard bed rocks and their depth from and
inclination
- The mechanical properties along and across the site of the
proposed project
- Presence, nature and distribution pattern of planes of structural
weakness
- The position of groundwater table in totality
- Seismic character of the area as deciphered from seismic
history and prediction about seismicity
Design
Design
Construction
 The engineer responsible for quality control of construction
materials will derive enormous benefit from his/her geological
background of the nature materials such as sand, gravel,
crushed rocks.
 Similarity for construction in geologically sensitive areas as
those of costal belts, seismic zones and permafrost regions,
knowledge of geological history of the area is of great important
 Construction of underground projects like tunnels cannot at all
be undertaken without a knowledge of the geological characters
and setting of rocks and their relevance to the loads imposed.
Earthquake hit Hualien, Taiwan, 2018, M. 7.6
Minami-Aso, Japan, April 2016, M. 6.4
Edmodo
Thank You!

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