Healthy Databases Presentation

1
Top 10 Practices to Keep

SQL Databases Healthy
Paul Berrigan, MCDBA
Product Database Administrator
Kronos Incorporated
2
Setting the Stage
• Session purpose:
– Provide valuable information!
– Give you access to the lessons we have learned
– Empower you to proactively maintain your Kronos
solution
– Let you know about other ways we can help
• Session content:
– Somewhat technical
– Great for IT folks!
– Good for payroll, HR and operations!
KronosAtYourService@kronos.com
3
Agenda
• SQL Server and Database Settings
– Are your database and server settings optimally set to improve
performance?
• Pre-Allocating Space for Existing Filegroups
– Are your filegroups sized for future growth?
• Updating Statistics
– Are you updating your database statistics for top performance?
• Managing Indexes
– Are you managing your database indexes for top performance?
• Database Fragmentation
– How can you eliminate or reduce index fragmentation?
• Backing Up Databases
– Does your backup strategy meet your business requirements?
4
Agenda
• Transaction Logs
– Do you understand transaction log management?
• Discontinued Support of Automated SQL Server Database

Maintenance Utilities
– Is your database maintenance plan up-to-date?
• Proactive Database Server Maintenance

– How can you proactively monitor your database server to prevent
issues?
• Checking Database Integrity

– Do you routinely check your database for integrity errors?
• Questions and Answers

5
Agenda
performance?
6
SQL Server and Database Settings
Max degree of parallelism

• Kronos recommends setting the max degree of
parallelism parameter equal to 1.
• This value identifies the number of threads used to
execute a parallel plan.
• Changing this setting will minimize blocks and
reduce blocking.
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Max degree of parallelism reduces…

• Locks
• Blocking
• Deadlocks
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How to change the max

degree of parallelism
• SQL statements or through
Enterprise Manager
9
Default index fill factor

• Kronos recommends setting the default index fill
factor to 75%.
• This setting allows space left on index pages and
allows for future growth of indexes.
• Database fragmentation occurs more frequently if
this parameter is not correctly specified.
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How to change the default

index fill factor
Enterprise Manager
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Disable the auto update statistics

setting
• Kronos recommends disabling the
auto update statistics setting for the
Workforce Central® database.
• Allowing SQL Server to perform an
auto update could make performance
worse.
• Kronos recommends manually
updating statistics.
12
How to disable auto

update statistics
Enterprise Manager
13
Disable the auto shrink setting

• Kronos recommends disabling the auto shrink
setting.
• This setting will attempt to shrink database files
when the file contains unused space.
• If auto shrink is enabled, SQL Server may use
unnecessary system resources.
14
How to disable auto shrink

Enterprise Manager.
15
Agenda
performance?
16
Pre-Allocating Space for
Existing Filegroups
Are your filegroups sized for future growth?

• Kronos recommends allowing room for future data
growth.
• Review your Hardware Recommendations Report.
• Existing filegroups can be expanded to
accommodate future growth.
17
Pre-Allocating Space for
Existing Filegroups
Pre-allocate
space for existing
SQL Server
filegroups to
avoid disk
fragmentation
18
Poll Question #1
Are your server and database settings set correctly?
• Yes
• No
• Don’t know
19
Agenda
performance?
20
Updating Statistics
Are you updating your database statistics

for top performance?
• SQL Server’s query optimizer uses database
statistics to determine the most efficient way to
retrieve the data.
• Kronos often recommends updating statistics using
the fullscan (100% sample size) option.
• Outdated statistics can cause inefficient query
plans, which can result in poor performance.
21
Updating Statistics
Manually updating statistics

• Scheduling your update statistics job to run after
hours may avoid potential performance problems.
• Updating statistics manually allows users to specify
the highest possible sample size.
• You can compute statistics for all tables or specific
tables rather than relying on SQL Server.
22
Agenda
performance?
23
Managing Indexes
What are indexes?

• A SQL Server index is an internal data
structure that optimizes access to data.
• An index tells SQL Server where a
certain row is located given an
indexed-column value.
• Indexes must be properly maintained to
ensure optimal database performance.
24
Managing Indexes
What types of indexes does SQL server support?

• There are two types of SQL Server indexes:
clustered indexes and nonclustered indexes.
• A clustered index is similar to a telephone directory,
which arranges data by last name.
• A nonclustered index is similar to an index in a
textbook.
25
Managing Indexes
Clustered and
nonclustered indexes
on the person table
26
Poll Question #2
Are you currently updating database statistics

and maintaining your indexes?
• Yes
• No
• Don’t know
27
Agenda
performance?
28
Database Fragmentation
What is database fragmentation?

• Fragmentation occurs when the logical order of the
pages is incorrect.
• Fragmentation occurs when data is added or
removed from a table.
• The DBCC SHOWCONTIG command displays
fragmentation information.
29
How can you eliminate or reduce index

fragmentation?
• Use the DBCC DBREINDEX statement.
• Use the DBCC INDEXDEFRAG statement.
• Use the DROP INDEX and CREATE INDEX
statements.
30
Other considerations
• The DBCC DBREINDEX statement should be run
when users are not connected to the database.
• While running DBCC DBREINDEX, the tables are
unavailable to users.
• The frequency of running DBCC DBREINDEX
depends on the amount of fragmentation.
31
Agenda
performance?
32
Backing Up Databases
Does your backup strategy meet your business

requirements?
• How much data can you afford to lose?
• Database backups are critical to ensure the success
of any disaster recovery plan.
• Backup files should be stored to disk files (local or
network) or tape.
33
Backup strategy considerations

• Backup plans should be documented.
• The restore process and the requirements of each
backup method should be considered.
• The backup plan should be tested periodically.
34
Which system (SQL Server) databases should be

considered for backup?
• The MASTER database contains information about all
SQL Server databases and should be considered for
backup.
• The MSDB database contains information about jobs,
alerts, and notifications and should be considered for
backup.
• The MODEL database contains default information
about new databases and should be considered for
backup.
35
Types of SQL Server backups

• Full backups provide a baseline for database
recovery.
• Differential backups include database
changes since the last full backup.
• Transaction log backups record any database
changes.
• Database file or filegroup backups allow copies
of specific database files. (Not recommended
for Workforce Central).
36
Database failure
Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday

@12:00AM @6:00AM @7:00AM @8:00AM @8:35AM
Daily Full DB Tran Log Tran Log Tran Log Disk
Backup Backup Backup Backup Failure
37
Restoring a database backup with transaction logs
Restore the daily Apply the previous Database

full backup from transaction log restored to a
Monday backups from point in time
@12:00AM Monday (before (@8:00AM)
the crash)
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
38
Poll Question #3
Do you currently have a valid backup strategy in

place?
• Yes
• No
• Don’t know
39
Agenda


issues?


40
Transaction Logs
Understanding your transaction log

• A transaction log is used to record transactions.
• The transaction log enables point-in-time recovery
of a database in case of failure.
• Importing person records, adding punches,
calculating trial payroll, and database maintenance
plan activity can increase the size of the
transaction log.
41
Transaction Logs
Maintaining and managing your transaction log

• The process of deleting old log records to reduce
the size of the logical log is called truncating the
transaction log.
• Never delete your transaction log (.LDF) file.
• The recovery model determines the amount of
data that is written to the transaction log.
42
Agenda
• Discontinued Support of Automated SQL Server

Database Maintenance Utilities

issues?


43
Discontinued Support of Automated SQL
Server Database Maintenance Utilities
Zero DBA maintenance tasks are a thing of

the past!
• Kronos has discontinued the support and
installation of automated SQL Server database
maintenance utilities.
• Under certain conditions, these jobs may cause
problems.
• You can improve your maintenance tasks!
44
Discontinued Support of Automated SQL
Server Database Maintenance Utilities
Outdated
automated SQL
Server database
maintenance
utilities
45
Poll Question #4
Is your database maintenance plan up-to-date?
• Yes
• No
• Don’t know
46
Agenda


issues?


47
Proactive Database
Server Maintenance
How can you proactively monitor

your database server to prevent issues?
• The Kronos reconcile reports should be run
regularly.
• All database maintenance jobs should be reviewed
regularly.
• Periodic disk defragmentation should be run on the
database server. (This does not apply in a SAN
environment).
48
Proactive Database
Server Maintenance
The Kronos reconcile report – object

reconciliation report
• Verifies all Kronos objects exist and have
appropriate permissions.
• Lists any objects that do not exist or have
insufficient permissions.
• Lists any non Kronos objects within the Workforce
Central database.
49
Proactive Database
Server Maintenance
The Kronos reconcile report – object reconciliation report
50
Proactive Database
Server Maintenance
The Kronos reconcile report –

schema reconciliation report
• Verifies information about integrity constraints,
indexes, and columns.
• Verifies sequence counters are valid.
• Does not validate actual data.
51
Proactive Database
Server Maintenance
The Kronos reconcile report – schema reconciliation report
52
Proactive Database
Server Maintenance
Review all of your maintenance jobs in Enterprise

Manager to determine success or failure
53
Proactive Database
Server Maintenance
Use windows disk

defragmenter to
identify fragmented
files and use a disk
defragmenter tool
to clean up
fragmentation.
(This does not
apply in a SAN
environment)
54
Poll Question #5
Do you proactively monitor your database server?
• Yes
• No
• Don’t know
55
Agenda


issues?


56
Checking Database Integrity
Do you routinely check your database for

integrity errors?
• Schedule the DBCC CHECKDB statement to run as
part of your maintenance plan.
• Review the output of this statement to identify
consistency errors, allocation errors, or torn pages.
• Errors from this report may result in data loss or the
restoration of a backup.
57
Checking Database Integrity
Running
DBCC
CHECKDB
58
Microsoft SQL Server 2005
• Microsoft SQL
Server 2005
supports Workforce
Central 5.2 (not
Workforce HR™ or
Workforce Payroll™)
• Microsoft SQL
Server Management
Studio replaces
Enterprise Manager
• Additional security
features, online
indexes, etc.
59
Thanks For Listening!
Kronos At Your Service – For more information please call:
1 (877) 844-1438 (U.S. toll free)

Or contact your local Sales Representative
Kronos Services portfolio:

• SYSTEM HEALTH CHECK
Think of it as a regularly scheduled • Business consulting
preventative trip to your family doctor
• Educational services
• Implementation services
• TECHNICAL MENTORING • Mentoring and knowledge
Hands-on knowledge transfer
transfer services
• Solution optimization
• DATABASE SUPPORT consulting
SERVICES
Proactively manage your database with • Support services
expert service
• Staff augmentation services
Maximize value and operational efficiency throughout your entire

solution lifecycle!
60
©2007, Kronos Incorporated. Kronos, and the Kronos logo are registered trademarks and “Experts at Improving the Performance of People and Business” is a trademark of Kronos
Incorporated or a related company. All other products or company names mentioned are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners.
All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
61

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1

Top 10 Practices to Keep

• Discontinued Support of Automated SQL Server Database

• Proactive Database Server Maintenance

• Checking Database Integrity

• Questions and Answers

Max degree of parallelism

Max degree of parallelism reduces…

How to change the max

Default index fill factor

How to change the default

Disable the auto update statistics

How to disable auto

Disable the auto shrink setting

How to disable auto shrink

Are your filegroups sized for future growth?

Are your server and database settings set correctly?

Are you updating your database statistics

Manually updating statistics

What are indexes?

What types of indexes does SQL server support?

Are you currently updating database statistics

What is database fragmentation?

How can you eliminate or reduce index

Does your backup strategy meet your business

Backup strategy considerations

Which system (SQL Server) databases should be

Types of SQL Server backups

Monday Monday Monday Monday Monday

Restoring a database backup with transaction logs

Restore the daily Apply the previous Database

Do you currently have a valid backup strategy in

• Discontinued Support of Automated SQL Server Database

• Proactive Database Server Maintenance

• Checking Database Integrity

• Questions and Answers

Understanding your transaction log

Maintaining and managing your transaction log

• Discontinued Support of Automated SQL Server

• Proactive Database Server Maintenance

• Checking Database Integrity

• Questions and Answers

Zero DBA maintenance tasks are a thing of

Is your database maintenance plan up-to-date?

• Discontinued Support of Automated SQL Server Database

• Proactive Database Server Maintenance

• Checking Database Integrity

• Questions and Answers

How can you proactively monitor

The Kronos reconcile report – object

The Kronos reconcile report – object reconciliation report

The Kronos reconcile report –

Review all of your maintenance jobs in Enterprise

Use windows disk

Do you proactively monitor your database server?

• Discontinued Support of Automated SQL Server Database

• Proactive Database Server Maintenance

• Checking Database Integrity

• Questions and Answers

Do you routinely check your database for

1 (877) 844-1438 (U.S. toll free)

Kronos Services portfolio:

Maximize value and operational efficiency throughout your entire

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