CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
TOPIC:-
ASPIRIN CONCENTRATION IN
VARIOUS MEDICINES…

NAME :- SONA VARSHNEY

CLASS :- Xl-A
ROLL NO:- 40
SESSION:- 2018-2019
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that my student, SONA
VARSHNEY, of class Xl –A, has completed the
project, “To determine the aspirin concentration
in medicines” under my guidance during the
academic session 2018-2019. This document is a
bonafide record of the work.

__________________
Mr. Harish Rautela
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher, Mr. Harish Rautela ,who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project which also helped me in doing
a lot of Research and I came to know about so
many new things. I am also grateful to our lab
assistant, Mr. Rohit, who extended all possible
help for the completion of the experiment. I am
really thankful to them.
Sec
ondly, I would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
 INDEX
 INTRODUCTION- ASPIRIN
 SYNTHESIS OF ASPIRIN
 AIM
 MATERIALS REQUIRED
 PROCEDURE
 STANDARDISATION OF NaOH
 DISPRIN ANALYSIS
 ECOSPRIN ANALYSIS
 ANACIN ANALYSIS
 OBSERVATION
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION:
-ASPIRIN
 Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is a salicylate drug often
used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains
and also as antipyretic to reduce fever.
 It is also used as an anti- inflammatory medicine.
Aspirin also has an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the
production of thromboxane, which under normal
conditions binds platelet molecules together to create
a patch over damaged walls of blood vessels.
 Aspirin is also used in low doses to prevent heart
attacks, strokes and blood clot formation. It is used for
people with high risks of developing blood clots.

 However, it has a damaging effect also. It may damage

the respiratory mucous membrane and some regular
 aspirin consumers start losing a lot of blood
sometimes leading to anaemia.
 Aspirin is one of the most widely used medications
globally, with an estimated 40,000 tonnes (44,000
tons) (50 to 120 billion pills) consumed each year.

SYNTHESIS
Aspirin is commercially synthesized using a two-step
process known as the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.

Step 1:
Phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide generating
sodium phenoxide, which is then reacted with carbon
dioxide under high temperature and pressure to yield
sodium salicylate, which is acidified, yielding salicylic
acid.

Step 2:
 Salicylic acid is then acetylated using acetic anhydride,
yielding aspirin and acetic acid as a byproduct. The yield
of this reaction is very low due to the relative difficulty of
its extraction from an aqueous state. For bulk
production the salicylate is acidified with phosphoric
acid under reflux for 1 hour 40 minutes.

EXPERIMENT
AIM:-
To determine the aspirin content in the given medicine
samples
 ,Disprin
 Anacin
 Ecosprin
and compare the cost of these tablets to check whose
cost is justified in terms of aspirin concentration.

APPARATUS:-
 Burette
 Pipette
 Conical flask
 Funnel
 Clamp stand
 Weight balance
 Measuring flask

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:-
 0.1N NaOH solution
 Distilled water
 Phenolphthalein
Some medicines –1) Disprin 2)Anacin 3)Ecosprin

THEORY:-
 Volumetric Analysis involves the measurement of
volume of the given solution which reacts with the
solution of another substance of known
concentration.
 The reagent of known concentration is called titrant
and the substance being titrated is termed as titrand.
 The end point is the point at which the indicator
changes colour to mark the completion of reaction.
 Indicator is the substance which indicates the
presence of a certain substance. Phenolphthalein in
this case indicates the presence of acidic or basic
medium as it is pink in basic medium.
 Normality of a substance is defined as the number of
gram equivalent of the solute dissolved per litre of
the solution.
 PROCEDURE:-
 Took 250ml of distilled water in a clean measuring
flask
 Weighed one sample of tablet in the chemical
balance.
 With a pipette took 10ml of solution in a conical flask
 Added two drops of phenolphthalein to the conical
flask.
 Put sufficient amounts of NaOH solution in the
burette and took the initial reading.
 From the burette added the NaOH solution into the
conical flask, drop by drop, until the solution turned
light pink.
 Stirred the solution and waited for the colour to be
permanent.
 Noted down the final reading on the burette.
 Repeated above steps until three concordant readings
were obtained.
 Repeated the entire procedure for other sample tablets
also.
 STANDARDISATION OF
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
(NaOH)
Standardization is the process of determining the
exact concentration (molarity) of a
solution. Titration is one type of analytical procedure
often used in standardization. In a titration, an exact
volume of one substance is reacted with a known
amount of another substance.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), as a solid and in solution,
looses strength on exposure and its concentration needs
to be determined or standardised by titration, using an
acid solution of a known concentration (say 0.1 M).

STANDARDISATION BY TITRATION

Standardisation Procedure
 Fill a 25mL or 50mL burette with 0.1M NaOH solution
and zero or note the burette reading.
 Pipette 10mL of the 0.1 M oxalic acid solution into
a 100mL conical (Erlenmeyer) flask and add 2-3 drops
of phenolphthalein indicator solution.
 Titrate the oxalic acid until a persistent pink end
point is reached.
 The true molarity of 0.1 M NaOH solution is
calculated using the equation below.

 SOLUTION IN BURETTE : NaOH solution

 SOLUTION IN CONICAL FLASK : Oxalic Acid sol.
 MOLARITY OF OXALIC ACID SOLUTION
: 0.1 M
 NORMALITY : n * molarity
= 2*0.1
= 0.2 N
 VOLUME OF OXALIC ACID : 10 ml
 INDICATOR USED : phenolphthalein
 END POINT ; colorless to pink

S. INITIAL FINAL VOLUME

No. BURETTE BURETTE OF NaOH
READING(ml) READING(ml) USED (ml)
1 0.0 20.4 20.4
2 20.4 40.8 20.4
3 0.0 20.6 20.6
Concordant reading=20.4ml

CALCULATIONS
N1V1 =N2V2
N2=N1V1/V2
=0.1 * 10/20.4
= 0.098 N

DISPRIN ANALYSIS
 SOLUTION IN BURETTE : NaOH solution
 SOLUTION IN CONICAL FLASK : DISPRIN solution
 Normality of NaOH SOLUTION :0.098 N
 VOLUME OF DISPRIN SOLUTION : 10 ml
 INDICATOR USED : phenolphthalein
 END POINT : colorless to pink
 Mass of tablet used : 0.5g

TITRATED DISSPRIN SOLUTION

S. No. INITIAL FINAL VOLUME OF

BURETTE BURETTE NaOH USED
READING(ml) READING(ml) (ml)
 1 0.0 1.6 1.6
2 1.6 3.1 1.7
3 3.1 4.7 1.6
Concordant reading= 1.6 ml

CALCULATIONS:
N1V1 =N2V2
N2=N1V1/V2 = 0.098* 1.6 =0.0157 N
10
STRENGTH=NORMALITY*M.M. OF ASPIRIN
= 0.0157 *180 = 2.826g/l
1000 ml of tablet solution contains 2.826g of aspirin
so, 100ml of solution contains= 2.826*100 =0.2826g
1000
% of aspirin content= 0.2826 * 100= 56.5%

ECOPRIN ANALYSIS
 SOLUTION IN BURETTE : NaOH solution
 SOLUTION IN CONICAL FLASK : ECOSPRIN
solution
 Normality of NaOH SOLUTION :0.098 N
 VOLUME OF ECOSPRIN SOLUTION : 10 ml
 INDICATOR USED : phenolphthalein
 END POINT : colorless to pink
 Mass of tablet used : 0.5g

TITRATED ECOSPRIN SOLUTION

S. No. INITIAL FINAL VOLUME OF
BURETTE BURETTE NaOH USED
READING(ml) READING(ml) (ml)
1 0.0 1.4 1.4
2 1.4 2.8 1.4
3 2.8 4.5 1.7
Concordant reading= 1.4 ml

CALCULATIONS:
N1V1 =N2V2
N2=N1V1/V2 = 0.098* 1.4 =0.0137 N
10
strength=NORMALITY*M.M. OF ASPIRIN
= 0.0137 *180 = 2.466g/l
1000 ml of tablet solution contains 2.826g of aspirin
so, 100ml of solution contains= 2.466*100=0.2466g
1000
% of aspirin content= 0.2826 * 100= 49.3%
 ANACIN ANALYSIS
 SOLUTION IN BURETTE : NaOH solution
 SOLUTION IN CONICAL FLASK : ANACIN solution
 Normality of NaOH SOLUTION :0.1 N
 VOLUME OF DISPRIN SOLUTION : 10 ml
 INDICATOR USED : phenolphthalein
 END POINT : colorless to pink
 Mass of tablet used : 0.5g

TITRATED ANACIN SOLUTION

S. No. INITIAL FINAL VOLUME OF
BURETTE BURETTE NaOH USED
READING(ml) READING(ml) (ml)
1 0.0 0.9 0.9
2 0.9 1.8 0.9
3 1.8 2.6 0.8
Concordant reading= 0.9 ml

CALCULATIONS:
N1V1 =N2V2
N2=N1V1/V2 = 0.098* 0.9
10
=0.0088 N
STRENGTH=NORMALITY*M.M. OF ASPIRIN
= 0.0088 *180 = 1.584g/l
1000 ml of tablet solution contains 2.826g of aspirin
so, 100ml of solution contains= 1.584*100
1000
=0.1584g
% of aspirin content= 0.1584 * 100 = 31.7%
0.5
 OBSERVATION
PERCENTAGE CONCENTRATION OF ASPIRIN IN:
 DISPRIN – 56.5%
 ECOSPRIN – 49.35
 ANACIN - 31.7%

DISCUSSION: COST ANALYSIS

NAME PRICE PER ASPIRIN

TABLET (Rs.) CONCENTRATION
DISPRIN 0.43 56.5%
ECOSPRIN 0.29 49.3%
ANACIN 1.6 31.7%
CONCLUSION:
It is evident that aspirin content in disprin is highest.
Also, it cost is not that much. Hence, it is concluded that
Disprin is most effective among The three medicines.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.wikipedia.org
 projects.icbse.com
 www.scribd.com
 www.chem.latech.edu